河南省铁炉坪银矿床地球化学特征

构造蚀变岩型银矿床在我国银矿床中占重要地位.通过对矿床成矿环境、地球化学背景、矿床主要赋矿地层、蚀变、矿体中微量元素空间分布和矿区的水系沉积物、土壤、岩石地球化学异常特征等方面的研究,阐述了铁炉坪银矿床的成矿机理、元素分带,并建立了该类型矿床地质-地球化学找矿模型.为该区银矿找矿奠定基础.     

白银厂式块状硫化物矿床找矿突破的反思

通过对白银矿田找矿勘探和再找矿历史的研究,分析不同时期的找矿思路,对以往找矿成功经验和失败的教训进行总结和反思,不仅有助于丰富地质找矿理论,也对当前条件下进行再找矿具有重要意义。尤其是近年来,在“海底火山机构—热卤水循环动力学”学术思想指导下,在白银矿田小铁山矿床西段(11—14线)深部和折腰山矿床深部发现新的富铜矿体,显示已有工业矿床,深部及其周边地段具有广阔的找矿前景,为进一步找矿提供了依据。     

湖北阳新县丰山铜矿成矿地质条件、成矿规律及深部找矿预测

为实现矿区新一轮深部找矿突破,在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,结合中国冶金地质总局中南地质调查院近年来在丰山铜矿完成的地质勘查资料,对矿床成矿地质条件与成矿规律进行综合分析。研究表明：成矿受NWW向断裂、轴向近EW向的复式褶皱、封三洞花岗闪长斑岩岩体及岩体接触带等因素控制,大冶群第六段为成矿有利围岩,矿化及围岩蚀变具有垂向分带和水平分带特征,垂向分带表现为自上而下依次呈现Fe、Cu→Cu、Mo→Mo、Cu矿化,水平分带则表现为自岩体内至岩体外,依次出现斑岩型Cu、Mo矿→矽卡岩型Cu、Mo矿→热液脉型Pb、Zn (Au、Ag)多金属矿。矽卡岩型主矿体主要赋存于构造应力集中的次级褶皱构造轴部顶缘与滑脱(断裂)叠加的接触带地段及其附近,其次赋存于主接触带附近的有利成矿围岩,形成独有的厚大扁豆体矿体和似层状矿体,据此开展深部找矿预测,认为丰山铜矿3～17线深部仍存在矽卡岩型矿体,研究成果可为新一轮找矿突破提供参考。     

黄铁矿热电性在铜矿床深部找矿预测中的应用——以滇中和尚洞铜矿Ⅰ号矿体为例

黄铁矿热电性是矿床学及深部地质找矿的重要研究内容之一,该方法多应用于金矿床的地质勘探,而在铜矿床勘探中应用较少。滇中和尚洞铜矿床属于中高温热液矿床,矿体宏观地质条件差异小,深部找矿难度大,本文对该矿床Ⅰ号矿体开展了黄铁矿热电性特征及深部找矿预测研究。结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿热电系数分布呈现多峰组合,矿体铜矿化强度与黄铁矿P-N型的出现率及离散度等关系密切,尽管1580中段仍存在工业矿体,但Ⅰ号矿体深部延伸相对较小,找矿前景相对较差。研究表明,利用黄铁矿热电系数特征指导铜矿床的深部找矿预测是可行的。     

西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段钠木钦金多金属矿地质特征及成因

钠木钦金多金属矿位于西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段,区域成矿以铜、金、铁矿为主.研究认为,钠木钦铜矿体受中二叠世下拉组地层与早白垩世中酸性侵入岩接触带——夕卡岩控制,而金矿体则主要受近东西向断裂构造控制,铜矿成矿类型为夕卡岩型,金矿成矿类型为构造蚀变岩型,成矿时代为早白垩世.矿区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿体的深部及Ⅱ号铜矿体的西部还具有较大的找矿空间.对矿区矿床特征的研究发现,钠木钦矿与区域上的尕尔穷等矿床具有较为相似的地质背景及成矿特征,但也有其独特之处.     

陕西柞水-山阳矿集区冷水沟铜钼矿床成矿特征及成矿机制探讨

柞水_山阳矿集区内矿产多种多样,构造_岩浆_成矿作用明显,斑岩_矽卡岩型铜矿床成矿条件良好,尤其是冷水沟地区岩浆活动频繁,燕山期花岗斑岩体与成矿作用关系密切。从冷水沟斑岩体到外围表现为斑岩型铜钼矿床(洞子沟和孔雀垭地段)、矽卡岩型铜矿床(双龙寨和银洞垭地段)、构造蚀变岩型金银矿床(南沟和徐家湾地段),构成了完整的斑岩成矿体系。岩体蚀变强烈,其中绢英岩化和矽卡岩化与成矿关系最密切。根据脉体穿插关系,可将成矿期分为4个成矿阶段,铜钼矿床主要形成于热液早_中期。斑岩体显示高钾钙碱性地球化学特征,属I型或I→A过渡型,形成环境属燕山期陆内碰撞后伸展环境。文章综合研究了矿化特征、流体包裹体、成矿物理化学条件、岩体特征及成矿机制,建立了冷水沟铜钼矿床的成矿模型,并总结了找矿标志。下一步找矿工作的重点应放在对构造_岩浆_热液成矿作用的研究,加强对岩体和矿体深部的控制。     

浏阳市井冲钴铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因浅析

浏阳井冲钴铜多金属矿床位于钦杭断裂带西段湘东北铜金成矿带之长平断裂带中部。矿区勘查工作时间跨度达50年,2008年工作程度达到详查,探求钴铜资源量达中型矿床规模。钴铜多金属矿成矿与长平断裂带和燕山期连云山花岗岩、花岗闪长斑岩有关。矿体产于长平断裂带次级构造热液蚀变岩带中,中泥盆统碎屑岩和灰岩透镜体对成矿有利。矿体沿构造热液蚀变岩带向SW向有明显侧伏趋势,矿化垂向分带明显,表现为深部钴铜矿,浅部铅锌矿。构造找矿标志、岩浆岩找矿标志、金属量铅异常找矿标志、磁异常找矿标志、原生晕异常找矿标志、围岩蚀变找矿标志和直接矿化找矿标志明显。综合成矿物质来源、成矿条件等研究资料,初步确定本矿床属于与花岗岩有关的中温热液裂隙充填交代型钴铜多金属矿床。     

岩相学填图技术在云南东川白锡腊铁铜矿段深部应用试验与找矿预测

在云南东川滥泥坪铜矿白锡腊铁铜矿段深部找矿预测中,开展了矿山深部工程岩相学填图技术研发与试验,实践证明该新方法在矿山深部隐伏矿找矿预测中具有较强的隐伏矿（新类型铁铜矿和新矿种）找矿预测能力。在构造-岩相学三级单元上,新发现的铁（钛）氧化物铜金型（IOCG）矿床与斜切地层产出的碱性杂岩墙（枝）密切有关。侵入岩岩相学填图表明,分异较好且具有明显岩相学分带的碱性杂岩墙（枝）成矿潜力大,铁（钛）氧化物铜金型（IOCG）矿与碱性铁质辉长岩-闪长岩等岩相学分带及侵入构造关系十分密切;分异较差且缺乏岩相学分带的岩墙成矿潜力低;因此,碱性铁质杂岩墙（枝）岩相学分带完整及侵入构造等是今后找矿勘查的主要标志和对象。对铁氧化物铜金型（IOCG）矿体而言,构造-岩相学的亚相填图证明储矿构造及富含铜磁铁矿矿体一般位于碱性铁质杂岩墙（枝）底部和上部。含铜磁铁富矿体主要由角砾状和块状铁铜矿石组成,这种矿体定位于隐爆角砾岩筒（带）中;构造-流体岩相学填图发现,围绕碱性杂岩墙（枝）分布的糜棱岩化相带和碎裂岩化相带也是主要储矿构造岩相带,赋存铁铜矿脉;脉带型铜银矿赋存在蚀变碳酸盐岩层中发育的裂隙破碎带之中,主要为含铜硅化铁白云石化蚀变带和镜铁矿硅化铁白云石方解石脉。钛矿（新矿种）主要赋存在蚀变闪长岩和蚀变辉长岩两个亚相中,在剖面和平面上,钛矿（化）体位于铁氧化物铜金型（IOCG）矿体两侧,主要由钛磁铁矿-钛铁矿微相和金红石-钛铁矿微相构成,钛赤铁矿和钛磁铁矿微相属于钛矿化蚀变系统。     

义敦岛弧带夏塞银铅锌矿床地质、物化探特征及综合找矿模型

夏塞银铅锌矿床位于义敦岛弧带中段,为典型的与早白垩世A型花岗岩有关的热液脉型矿床。矿体呈脉状、透镜状产于NNW向断裂构造中,具有向北侧伏、尖灭再现特点。从花岗岩体接触带往北发育Sn-Cu→Cu-Zn→Ag-Pb矿化分带。硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化等蚀变与成矿关系密切。成矿过程划分为锡石、毒砂、闪锌矿-黄铜矿、含银矿物-方铅矿、黄铁矿-碳酸盐5个成矿阶段。高精度磁法测量ΔT正异常能有效识别矿化带或控矿断裂带。土壤地球化学测量Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu元素变化曲线峰值能指示矿化体的存在。据此建立了夏塞银铅锌矿床地质、磁法和土壤地球化学测量综合找矿模型,经验证找矿效果良好。有望为夏塞—连龙银锡多金属矿集区热液脉型矿床找矿勘查和评价工作提供重要参考。     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床大规模铜矿化的发现及意义

巴林左旗双尖子山超大型银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带南段, 是亚洲最大银矿。早期研究认为双尖子山矿床主要为中低温热液成矿, 主要经济金属是银铅锌; 随着研究的深入, 发现了少量中高温铜锡矿化。2021年新施工钻孔首次揭露了大规模铜矿化。矿石主要为块状、角砾状、细脉状及稠密浸染状; 矿物组合主要是黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、毒砂和含银矿物。双尖子山矿床大规模铜矿化的发现, 证实了双尖子山矿床是一个从中高温到低温的完整演化序列的大规模岩浆热液型多金属矿床, 铜也可能成为该矿的新增工业矿种。成矿特征和矿体分布规律显示, 该矿区铜矿体尚未完全探明, 深部存在较大铜找矿潜力。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.