多源遥感影像融合方法研究

遥感影像融合处理能够综合利用来自同一场景的不同源的影像信息,获得更为准确、可靠的信息描述,是现代遥感技术的重要组成部分,是解决多源遥感数据综合、提高遥感影像空间分辨率和光谱信息以及挖掘遥感信息潜力的有效方法。针对多源遥感影像数据融合的技术原理及方法进行分析,比较其优缺点,同时给出影像融合的基本步骤以及评价准则。     

遥感数据专题分类不确定性评价研究：进展、问题与展望

从遥感数据中提取专题类别信息是当前遥感数据最主要的应用领域之一。由于遥感分类专题信息广泛应用于各种领域，其数据质量受到越来越多的关注。不确定性是评价分类专题类别数据质量最主要的方面。回顾了遥感数据专题分类不确定性评价方法的历史，总结了当前各种评价方法及其指标体系，将这些方法归结为基于误差矩阵的方法、模糊评价方法、像元尺度上的不确定性评价方法和其它方法四大类。对每一类不确定性评价方法及其指标体系的优点和缺点进行了分析和总结，指出从理论方法研究方面，需要优先发展独立于分类方法的像元尺度上的遥感分类不确定性评价模型与指标体系，以及统一的遥感数据分类不确定性评价模型体系研究；在应用研究方面，需要加强优化空间采样设计和不确定性评价过程标准化研究。     

西昆仑山崇测冰川区多源遥感影像的冰川信息提取方法研究

冰雪独有的性质与特性使得基于遥感影像对其进行信息提取成为可能,如何进行精准的冰雪信息提取是冰雪时空变化研究的关键和基本要求。利用多源遥感影像（TM、IRS-P5和SAR）对西昆仑山崇测冰川区的冰川进行信息提取,采用不同分类方法和数据融合方法,分别针对光学影像和微波影像进行处理,提取冰川信息并进行比较分析。结果表明：面向对象分类方法是最优的冰川信息提取方法;图像融合处理有助于提高冰川信息的提取精度,特别是多光谱和高分辨率图像融合后再分类,提取效果更为理想。     

多源遥感数据管理系统研究

针对多源遥感数据管理问题进行探索研究,主要运用镶嵌数据集模型和影像与解译数据集成显示方法.基于ArcGIS和IMINT特征知识库平台,使用C#和其他编程工具进行开发,设计并实现了多源遥感数据管理系统的功能模块,可以高效、简便地管理多源遥感数据.     

地震多源异构遥感影像数据库系统设计与实现

应用于地震研究中的遥感影像数据具有多源异构的显著特点,分析研究过程中产生的成果数据亦呈现多样化的特性。借助MapGIS K9地理信息系统二次开发平台,设计并实现了基于文件方式存储的应用于地震研究中的多源异构遥感影像数据库系统。地震多源异构遥感影像数据库系统能够有效地存储和管理影像数据以及矢量数据、文档数据等辅助数据,针对地震行业遥感影像的使用特点,设计并实现的数据浏览、数据目录及操作、数据检索以及数据安全与用户权限功能,能够满足地震研究中用户的操作需求。数据库系统在高分示范区遥感影像存储与共享应用中取得了良好的效果。     

多源遥感信息融合方法探讨

论述了多源遥感影像数据融合现状、层次类别、融合原理及融合的算法,并以新疆策勒绿洲一荒漠交错带的Landsat TM与SPOT-HRV为源数据进行基于像元级融合．实验中借助遥感图像处理软件PCI分别进行IHS、PCA和Brovey3种变换．得出结果并对3种融合方法进行了分析比较．     

航放数据与高分一号卫星光学数据融合及应用

高分辨率的多光谱遥感影像与低分辨率的航空放射性测量数据的融合有利于提高地质体识别效果,可以为地质填图和找矿提供重要参考。从多光谱遥感影像及航放数据特征出发,建立了基于Curvelet变换的线性融合方法,实现了高分一号多光谱数据与航放数据的多源异构数据融合。对融合结果的地质解译效果评价表明,在融合系数为0.7时,多光谱数据与航放数据的融合图像所反映的地质信息最丰富,表明所提出的基于Curvelet变换的国产卫星影像与航放数据融合方法对实现此类多源异构数据的融合,具有重要参考价值。     

ASTER多光谱波段与SPOT全色波段融合方法研究

遥感图像融合可以发挥多源遥感数据的优势。但由于不同传感器的遥感数据有着不同的特征,不同数据所采用的融合方法也应不同。文章探讨了ASTER多光谱波段与SPOT全色波段数据融合的方法,通过对PCA融合、IHS融合和基于小波的IHS融合方法的对比研究,得出基于小波的IHS融合法在提高空间分辨率的同时较好地保持了地物的多光谱信息。     

植被覆盖度遥感估算研究进展

植被覆盖度是刻画地表植被覆盖的重要参数,在全球变化研究、地表过程模拟和水文生态模型中发挥着重要作用.遥感能够反映不同空间尺度的植被覆盖信息及其变化趋势,是获取区域及全球植被覆盖度参数的一个重要手段.综合分析了用于植被覆盖度估算的遥感数据源,包括高光谱数据、多光谱数据、微波数据和激光雷达数据.而且分析了各种常用的植被覆盖度遥感估算方法及其优缺点,并评价了现有基于遥感数据的植被覆盖度产品及存在问题.最后,针对目前研究中存在的问题,讨论了植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的发展趋势,指出高时空分辨率长时间序列的全球植被覆盖度数据集、多源遥感数据融合和同化技术是未来植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的主要方向.     

基于能量不变原则的光谱保真融合方法

<正> 不同遥感图像数据,例如,多源数据,多时相数据,不同空间分辨率数据,记录了不同地理条件下的物理信息。综合处理这些遥感图像数据,可以减少单一遥感数据在解释应用中的不确定性。数据融合处理方法被广泛用于综合处理不同类型遥感图像数据,特别是用于增强低空间分辨率遥感图像的空间细节信息。     

侵入岩填图方法体系及专题研究

中国侵入岩填图经历了不同发展阶段。目前,需要探索中大比例尺(1∶5万~1∶2.5万)填图方法。依据以往的填图实践经验,特别是同源花岗岩、异源花岗岩、中基性岩、超基性岩试点填图,提出侵入岩填图方法体系。无论何种成因,侵入岩填图应该建立不同级别的等级体制填图单位,即侵入体-单元-序列(或岩套)-超序列(或超岩套)-超序列组合(或超岩套组合),分别对应岩体-岩基-岩带-巨型岩带。同源花岗岩岩浆,可以按照以往的谱系单位填图,其侵入体-单元-序列-超序列应该是同一个岩浆旋回演化的产物。岩浆混合花岗岩,可以按照混合程度划分单元,归并序列。中基性-超基性侵入岩,也可以参考上述谱系单位和混合单位填图。侵入岩不同级别等级体制单位的建立有利于深入认识岩浆系统及其制约因素。此外,花岗岩等侵入岩蕴含了丰富的地球动力学信息,有必要开展深入的专题研究。     

利用混合像元线性分解模型提取卧龙泉地区粘土蚀变信息

利用混合像元线性分解模型提取植被覆盖中等的辽南卧龙泉地区植被丰度图像，并依此进一步提取了该区域的粘土类蚀变信息。在使用混合像元线性分解基本模型的同时，也结合研究目标对其进行了改进与补充，效果令人满意，为中等植被覆盖区的专题信息的提取提供了一种方法。     

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for a problematic segment of the natural gas pipeline,Hendek (Turkey)

A segment of natural gas pipeline was damaged due to landsliding near Hendek. Re-routing of the pipeline is planned, but it requires the preparation of a landslide susceptibility map. In this study, the statistical index (Wi) and weighting factor (Wf) methods have been used with GIS to prepare a landslide susceptibility map of the problematic segment of the pipeline. For this purpose, thematic layers including landslide inventory, lithology, slope, aspect, elevation, land use/land cover, distance to stream, and drainage density were used. In the study area, landslides occur in the unconsolidated to semi-consolidated clayey unit and regolith. The Wf method gives better results than the Wi method. Lithology is found to be the most important aspect in the study area. Based on the findings obtained in this study, the unconsolidated to semi-consolidated clayey unit and alluvium should be avoided during re-routing. Agricultural activities should not be allowed in the close vicinity of the pipeline.     

Integrating GIS and DSS for identification of suitable areas for artificial recharge,case study Meimeh Basin,Isfahan, Iran

Flood spreading is an inexpensive method for flood mitigation and artificial recharge of aquifers that results in a large budget return for relatively small investment.It is necessary to study some regional characteristics in order to determine the appropriate areas for artificial groundwater recharge by flood spreading in Meimeh Basin, Isfahan Province, Iran. Necessary regional characteristics to be studied are: slope, infiltration rate, sediment thickness, transmissivity, and water quality. In this research to identify suitable areas for artificial recharge several thematic layers were prepared, assigning each layer to one of the mentioned characteristics. The thematic layers were classified to several classes based on the existing criteria. All of the classes of the thematic layers were integrated and analyzed using a decision support system (DSS) in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Finally suitability of the integrated classes for artificial recharge was identified in which the following classes were separated:(i) Very suitable, (ii) suitable, (iii) moderate suitability, and (iv) unsuitable.The validity of the generated model was verified by applying the model to a number of successful floodwater spreading stations throughout Iran. The verified model showed satisfactory results for all of the stations. The results for Meimeh Basin showed that about 70% of the Quaternary sediments in the studied area are suitable and moderately suitable for artificial recharge by flood spreading.     

Integrated assessment and evaluation of the coastal environment of the province of vizcaya,bay of Biscay,Spain

A methodology for the quick, overall assessment of the capability of different parts of a coastal environment to be used for human activities is described. The methodology is based on the elaboration of a series of thematic maps (geologic, biologic, and dynamic, e.g., currents, features) for the three “environmental systems” that were defined (marine, estuarine, and emerged coastline). The thematic maps are combined to define “homogeneous units” and these are then evaluated for the attractiveness and impact corresponding to a series of selected activities. Alternatively, the mapped features can be evaluated directly for certain systems, without defining homogeneous units. The combination of attractiveness and impact is used to obtain the relative capability of each unit for each activity, thus establishing the activities that are most advisable in each case.     

Discrimination of Natural Fractures Using Well Logging Curve Unit

It is very difficult to discriminate natural fractures using conventional well log data, especially for most of the matured oUfields in China, because the raw data were acquired with relatively obsolete tools. The raw data include only GR and SP curves, indicative of lithology, AC curves, used to calculate the porosity of the formation, and a set of logging curves from various electrode length resistivity by laterolog. On the other hand, these oilfields usually have a large amount of core data which directly display the characteristics of the formation, and enough information of injection and production. This paper describes an approach through which logging curves are calibrated in terms of the raw data, and then a prototype model of natural fractures is established based on the investigation of core data from 43 wells, totaling 4 000 m in length. A computer program has been developed according to this method. Through analysis and comparison of the features of logging curves, this paper proposes a new concept, the well logging curve unit. By strictly depicting its shape through mathematical methods, the natural facture can be discriminated. This work also suggests an equation to estimate the probability of fracture occurrence, and finally other fracture parameters are calculated using some experimental expressions. With this methodology, logging curves from 100 wells were interpreted, the results of which agree with core data and field information.     

地学空间数据库建设快捷方法研究

作者在承担多项地学空间数据库建设项目的基础上,对地学空间数据库建设过程中点位图生成、色块换色及填充、属性数据录入及二值变量取值等几种快捷方法进行了研究,说明灵活地综合运用GIS软件的各种功能,能加快地学空间信息系统建设的速度。      

Investigation on Snow Characteristics and Their Distribution in China

The background, scientific objective, investigation contents and scheme of project “Investigation on snow characteristics and their distribution in China” was introduced in this paper. The general objective of the investigation is to build comprehensive and systematic database of snow characteristics in China, at the service of providing data for the climate change, water resource and snow disaster studies. The investigation will be performed on the three fields including the compilation of historical data, in situ measurement of snow characteristics in the typical regions, and investigation of snow characteristics using remote sensing methods. For the compilation of historical data, the historical snow data from the meteorological stations and research institutes will be firstly collected, and then they will be compiled based on a standard rule. In situ observation will be performed at point, line and area-scale on the typical regions which include Northeast region, Xinjiang Degion, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The observation content will contain snow depth, snow density, snow water equivalent, snow particle shape, hardness of snowpack surface, liquid water content, grain size, snow temperature, snow/soil temperature, dielectric constant, and some chemical parameters. These snow characteristics are the priority information used for the modification of retrieval algorithm on snow parameters. Remote sensing methods will be used to build long-time series of snow cover, snow albedo and snow water equivalent datasets based on these modified algorithms. Finally, the snow characteristics from both in situ and remote sensing investigation will be used to classify snow types in China, and produce distribution maps of snow characteristic and other thematic maps.     

遥感影像专题图制作研究

遥感软件有强大的影像处理功能,地理信息软件有强大的矢量功能;由于遥感软件以国外进口软件为主,与国内常用的地理信息基础不适应。通过对遥感影像专题图的制作的研究,有效地解决了遥感软件和国产地理信息软件不匹配的问题,为各类遥感专题图制作提供了有效的技术方法。     

Groundwater assessment in Salboni Block, West Bengal (India) using remote sensing, geographical information system and multi-criteria decision analysis techniques

An approach is presented for the evaluation of groundwater potential using remote sensing, geographic information system, geoelectrical, and multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The approach divides the available hydrologic and hydrogeologic data into two groups, exogenous (hydrologic) and endogenous (subsurface). A case study in Salboni Block, West Bengal (India), uses six thematic layers of exogenous parameters and four thematic layers of endogenous parameters. These thematic layers and their features were assigned suitable weights which were normalized by analytic hierarchy process and eigenvector techniques. The layers were then integrated using ArcGIS software to generate two groundwater potential maps. The hydrologic parameters-based groundwater potential zone map indicated that the ‘good’ groundwater potential zone covers 27.14% of the area, the ‘moderate’ zone 45.33%, and the ‘poor’ zone 27.53%. A comparison of this map with the groundwater potential map based on subsurface parameters revealed that the hydrologic parameters-based map accurately delineates groundwater potential zones in about 59% of the area, and hence it is dependable to a certain extent. More than 80% of the study area has moderate-to-poor groundwater potential, which necessitates efficient groundwater management for long-term water security. Overall, the integrated technique is useful for the assessment of groundwater resources at a basin or sub-basin scale.