富钴结壳中贵金属元素的特征

对太平洋CL、CM海山调查时获取9个富钴结壳样品,采用化学处理及ICP-MS法进行分析。对贵金属元素含量分布特征、富集因子、标准化模式以及来源进行探讨和研究。结果表明：海山结壳中贵金属元素Ag、Au、Ru、Rh、Pd、Pt等的平均含量分别为： 1.05×10^-6、2.3×10^-6、15.6×10^-9、22.3×10^-9、2.39×10^-9和432×10^-9。与结核、洋壳及陆地矿石的Pd/（Pt+Pd）、Pt/（Pt+Pd）和Pd/Pt等贵金属元素的比值相比,大洋富钴结壳的 Pd/（Pt+Pd） 比值最低,为0.006;其次是结核,为0.06;洋壳为0.08;陆地矿石的Pd/（Pt+Pd）比值较大,为0.35～0.65。结壳的Pt/（Pt+Pd）比值最高,为0.99;其次是结核,为0.95;洋壳为0.93;陆地矿石的Pt/（Pt+Pd）比值相对较低,为0.33～0.65。统计分析显示了不同区域、不同环境中贵金属元素的特征参数变化,并且说明富钴结壳中富铂、金、钌、铑,而贫钯。贵金属元素标准化显示,海山富钴结壳均存在着Pt、Au正异常和Pd的负异常,其中Au异常幅度与结核的Au异常一致。     

滇东Pt-Pd-Cu含矿建造地球化学特征及其含矿性分析

滇东Pt-Pd-Cu含矿建造包括黑色页岩建造和玄武岩建造,黑色页岩建造由不同层位的黑色岩系组成.作者重点对元古宙昆阳群、下寒武统黑色岩系和二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩的地球化学特征进行了系统研究.研究表明昆阳群黑色岩系以As、B(K≥5)显著富集,Sb、Pd、Mo、Ag、U、Pt、V、Zn、W、Cu(K≥1.2)富集为特征;滇东下寒武统黑色岩系以Mo、Ag、U、As、V、B、Pd、Sb(K≥5)显著富集,Pt、Pb、Zn、W、Cu、Ni(K≥1.2)富集为特征;峨眉山玄武岩则以Pt、Pd(K≥5)显著富集,Au、Ag、Cu、Zn、Sb、B、U、V(K≥1.2)富集为特征.总之,分布于研究区不同层位的黑色岩系和二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩建造构成了该区贵金属(Pt、Pd、Ag、Au等)和有色金属(Cu、Mo、V等)元素成矿的初始矿源层,上述区域成矿要素最佳匹配地段是可能产出非传统贵金属(pt、Pd、Ag、Au等)和有色金属(Cu、Mo、V等)矿床的潜在地段.     

四川大岩子铂-钯矿床的原生地球化学异常特征及盲矿预测

迄今为止文献中未见有铂矿原生晕研究的报道,通过对大岩子矿区地表和不同中段坑道原生晕的研究,发现在铂-钯矿体周围有清晰的F、Sb、Cd、Hg、As、Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ni元素的原生晕,其中F、Sb、Cd、Hg、As为前缘指示元素,Au、Ag为近矿指示元素,Pt、Pd、Cu、Ni为成矿指示元素.元素的垂直分带序列为(地表至矿体):(F、Sb、Cd、Hg、As)-(Ag、Au)-(Pd、Pt)-(Cu、Ni).地表岩石地球化学测量发现的Ⅲ号Pd、Pt异常带,具有多元素异常组合特征,判断为矿致异常,推测在该异常带下方可望找到隐伏矿体.坑道原生晕研究发现,在PD4中段出现浓集中心醒目、浓度分带清晰的F原生晕,推测在PD4中段下方可能存在新的盲矿体.     

TSC大孔螯合树脂对金铂钯的吸附特性及其在岩矿分析中的应用

本文研究了TSC大孔螯合树脂对贵金属Pt(Ⅳ)、Pd(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)和贱金属Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)等的吸附特性。测定了树脂在不同酸度下对Au(Ⅲ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Pd(Ⅱ)的饱和吸附容量。研究结果表明,该树脂可从稀HCl、稀王水溶液中定量吸附Au(Ⅲ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Pd(Ⅱ),而贱金属离子则不被吸附。吸附在树脂上的Au、Pt、Pd可被5％硫脲溶液洗脱,洗脱液中的Au、Pt、Pd可分别用火焰和无火焰原子吸收法测定。标准加入回收率为97—107％。通过对MGI-Au-07,MCM-02标准样品和其它样品的测定,说明应用本法可获得满意的结果。     

黑色岩型铂族矿物中铂钯金相态ICP-MS分析方法研究

黑色岩是近年发现的铂族元素重要载体,由于其金属来源的多样性及成矿作用的复杂性,对于铂族元素在该类矿物中的分布及富集形式目前并不十分清楚,这也是造成黑色岩中铂族元素测定不稳定的主要原因。本文根据黑色岩的矿物性质及组成,将黑色岩中Pt、Pd、Au的赋存状态划分为:可交换相、有机结合相、硫化物结合相、残渣相。通过应用硫氰酸钾+氰化钠作为解吸剂,有效抑制了黑色岩中有机碳对各相态中Pt、Pd、Au的吸附,采用分离富集ICP-MS法测定了Pt、Pd、Au在各相态中的分布。结果表明:(1)各元素各相态的提取总量与该元素在样品中的总量之比分别为Pt 94.4%~101.0%,Pd 95.8%~101.0%,Au 96.7%~102.0%,说明本方法具有较好的准确性和重现性;(2)黑色岩矿物中Pt、Pd、Au的富集不仅具备亲硫性,而且与有机碳形成的地质条件、地质背景有明显的相关性,此结果为研究黑色岩中铂族元素所处的地球化学环境及其成矿规律提供了重要信息。     

NK8310螯合树脂分离富集地质样品中痕量金银铂钯及其测定

研究了硫脲螯合树脂（NK8310）分类富集地质样品中痕量Au、Ag、Pt和Pd的实验条件。在φ=10％的王水介质中，[AuCI4]^-、[AgCI2]^-、[PtCI6]^2-和[PdCI4]^2-定量吸附于树脂上并与大量贱金属分离；用5g/L硫脲－0.12mol/L HCI溶液洗脱Au、Ag、Pt和Pd，回收率为97％－104％。用硫镍矿管理样以及国家一级标准物质进行分析验证，分析结果与推荐值及标准值吻合，表明NK8310螯合树脂适用于地质样品中Au、Ag、Pt和Pd的分离富集。     

铜试金预富集-辉光放电质谱法测定贵金属矿样中痕量铂钯铱金

对利用铜试金预富集后辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)测定贵金属矿样中痕量Pt、Pd、Ir、Au的方法进行了探索性研究。着重考察了铜试金条件的选择和辉光放电电极的匹配、质谱的测定条件和测定方法等。分析结果表明,痕量(μg级)贵金属元素Pt的含量在1.99~15.0μg,回收率为92.0%~111.9%;Pd的含量在3.15~29.78μg,回收率为88.4%~113.3%;Ir的含量在0.12~0.60μg,回收率为68.3%~100.0%;Au的含量在10.43~24.08μg,回收率为98.9%~127.0%。方法可应用于矿石、矿物及其他物料中痕量贵金属的分析。     

阴离子交换树脂-活性炭动态吸附无火焰原子吸收法测定矿石中的微量金铂钯

采用717阴离子交换树脂-活性炭分离富集矿石中的微量Au、Pt、Pd。40μg待测元素富集结果表明,Au、Pt、Pd的回收率分别为100%、95.3%和96.3%。以HC l为介质在无火焰原子吸收仪上测定。方法经对国家一级标准物质GBW 07291、GBW 07292分析检验,结果与标准值相符。对GBW 07291国家一级标准物质测定7次,其精密度(RSD)分别为:Au 9.4%、Pt 11.2%、Pd 3.0%。方法适用于矿石中10-6~10-9量级Au、Pt、Pd的测定。     

论金川硫化铜镍矿床中贵金属元素的分带机制

在金川硫化铜镍矿床最大的寓矿体内,贵金属元素存在明显分带:Pt、Pd、Au、Ag含量在边部较低,向中心部位逐渐增高;Os、Ir、Ru、Rh含量在中心部位较低,向边部逐渐增高。通过对实际资料的分析,认为这种分带特征是硫化物液相结晶分异作用造成的。     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿床伴生贵金属成矿地球化学研究

按侵位顺序可划分为岩浆熔离型、深熔贯入型和热液叠加型成矿作用,其中后二者与贵金属的富集及成矿关系最为密切,尤其是热液作用.贵金属Au、Ag、Pt、Pd主要在热液成矿流体分异形成的高铜块状矿体中富集;含矿岩浆在岩浆房中深熔的时间与各成因类型矿体侵位是反序的;Cu、Ni及贵金属矿是经深源熔离和脉动式多次成矿作用形成的.     

应用偏光显微镜和电子探针技术研究安徽铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床伴生元素金银铂钯铀的赋存状态

安徽铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床富含多种稀有贵金属金银铂钯和铀,本文应用偏光显微镜与电子探针技术对该地区贵金属和铀矿物的含量、矿物种类、赋存状态及其嵌布特征进行研究,并利用电子探针Th-U-Pb定年技术推测铀矿物的形成时期。研究表明:金主要以银金矿独立矿物存在,成色均值约为638,与铜的硫化物密切依存,金矿物形成于成矿中晚期的中低温环境;银的独立矿物有银金矿、碲银矿、辉银矿,还与铜铋铅等以类质同象形式结合形成不同种类的矿物组合,且含量在74.15%~0.12%不等;铂钯矿物以含铂碲钯矿为主;铀以晶质铀矿独立矿物存在且与磁铁矿密切依存,晶质铀矿的形成年龄约为124±14 Ma,晚于岩体形成年龄(约139 Ma),早于黄铜矿和含金银铂钯等矿物,而与磁铁矿同在燕山中晚期形成。结合镜下观察,认为铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床主要矿物生成顺序依次是:石榴子石-磁铁矿、晶质铀矿,含金银铂钯矿物,黄铜矿。本研究为贵金属选矿提供了线索,同时利用晶质铀矿的年龄数据界定了伴生贵金属的形成年代。     

Comprehensive Analysis of Precious Metals in some Geological Standards by Flameless A.A. Spectroscopy

Precious metals (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh) were determined by flameless absorption atomic spectrornetry. Aqua regia sample decomposition followed by Te coprecipitation was employed to preconcentrate the precious metals in geological materials. With 5 g sample take-up, the limits of determination were 1-2 ppb for Au, Pd and Rh, 5 ppb for Ag and 10-20 ppb for Pt. These elements were determined in some geochemical standards.     

土壤样品中贵金属活动态提取技术

介绍了土壤样品中贵金属铂、钯、金的水提取态、黏土吸附态与可交换态、有机质结合态以及铁锰氧化物结合态等不同相态的提取方法与测定方法。方法检出限为铂0.03 ng/g,钯和金0.01 ng/g。实验了铂、钯、金活动态金属各种提取液介质中痕量贵金属的稳定性、固-液分离方法、提取温度的影响及提取液的处理方法。通过在南非隐伏铂钯矿或矿化区的试验,结果表明所圈定的异常与实际矿(化)体相符,为识别隐伏贵金属铂钯矿床提供了有效信息,对寻找隐伏矿床具有一定的指导意义。     

Chemical composition of the ore and occurrence state of the elements in Jingbaoshan platinum-palladium deposit

The Jingbaoshan platinum-palladium deposit is China＇s largest independent PGM （platinum-group metals） deposit so far discovered. There are eleven kinds of useful components in the ore： Pt, Pd, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, and Co. The platinum-group elements, gold and silver occur in the form of minerals in ores. twenty-five kinds of precious metal minerals have been found, of which twenty one belong to the platinum-group minerals. The minerals are very small in grain size. Copper occurs mainly as copper sulfide with a small amount of free copper oxide, and the beneficiated copper accounts for 95.21%. Nickel occurs mainly as nickel sulfide, and some nickel silicate and nickel oxide occur in the ore. The beneficiated nickel accounts for 72.03%. Cobalt occurs mainly as cobalt sulfide, and there are some cobalt oxide and other kinds of cobalt. The beneficiated cobalt accounts for 77.58%.     

贵州普安矿区晚二叠世煤中贵金属元素的赋存状态和地质成因

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和逐级化学提取技术(SCET)对贵州西部普安矿区晚二叠世煤中贵金属元素的含量、赋存状态和成因机理进行了研究.结果表明,贵州普安矿区2号主采煤层的矿物组成主要为低温热液流体成因的黄铁矿和陆源碎屑成因的粘土矿物;与中国煤煤相比,该煤中Rh(38 ng/g)、Pb(640 ng/g)、Ir(9 ng/g)、Pt(98 ng/g)、Au(16 ng/g)和Ag(1620 ng/g)明显富集,其中Pb、Ir、Au的含量分别是中国煤的4.3倍、9倍和5.3倍.逐级化学提取结果表     

Mineral Grains of Base and Precious Metals in the Surface Layer of Bottom Sediments in the Chukchi Sea

Data on electron microprobe X-ray analysis of mineral grains of base (Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Ni, Bi, and Mo) and precious metals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) detected for the first time in the sediments of the Chukchi Sea are presented. The peculiarities of the morphology and chemical composition of the grains are considered along with their sources and distribution in the sediments.     

Precious-metal distribution and fluid-inclusion petrography of the Elatsite porphyry copper deposit,Bulgaria

The Elatsite porphyry copper deposit occurs in an island-arc setting hosted by Late Cretaceous monzonitic-monzodioritic porphyry stocks which were emplaced into Precambrian-Cambrian phyllites. Trace element data of the Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks suggest that they are I-type volcanic arc granitoids. Two main ore mineral assemblages are distinguished: (1) magnetite-bornite-chalcopyrite, and (2) chalcopyrite-pyrite. The first one is linked to potassic-propylitic, and the second to phyllic-argillic alteration. Minor ore minerals are hematite, molybdenite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, hessite, and solid solutions of linnaeite-siegenite-carrollite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, clausthalite-galena, gold-electrum and merenskyite-moncheite. Precious-metal contents are relatively high throughout the deposit but Au, Pd and Pt are concentrated more strongly in the magnetite-bornite-chalcopyrite assemblage. Average grades of Au, Ag, Pd and Pt calculated for the 0.33% Cu ore body are 0.96, 0.19, 0.007 and 0.002 g/t respectively. Analyses of flotation concentrates revealed 25.6% Cu, and Ag, Au, Pd and Pt contents of 33.0, 13.6, 0.72 and 0.15 g/t respectively. The copper mineralisation at Elatsite took place at pressures of 120 to 300 bar, corresponding to depths of formation of 1 to 3 km under hydrostatic conditions. The precious metals were probably transported jointly as chloride complexes in highly saline magmatic-hydrothermal solutions. The fluids had temperatures of 340 to >700 °C and salinities of 28 to 64% NaCl, and mixed with meteoric water.     

Specifics of analysis of salt rocks from the Verkhnekamskoe deposit for Au,Pt, and Pd

The paper presents data on the possibility of ETAAS analysis, and a technique of this analysis, of salt rocks, their insoluble residues, and organic fractions from these rocks for Au, Pt, and Pd (concentrations from 10^–7 to 10^–2 ppm). Various techniques for the decomposition of the samples are discussed, and the paper presents information on the extent of Au, Pt, and Pd adsorption from chloride complexes when the POLYORGS-IV complex-forming adsorption agent is applied. The determined atomization parameters of the elements in a graphite furnace are reported. Precious metals are proved to be concentrated in the insoluble residues of the salt rocks and in the slimes (salt wastes) when the salt rocks are processed. The forms in which precious metals are contained in the salt-bearing rocks are determined.     

Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China

The knowledge of the variability, the anthropogenic versus natural origin and corresponding environmental risk for potentially harmful elements in urban topsoils is of importance to assess human impact. The aims of the present study were: (1) to assess the distribution of heavy metals (Sn, Li, Ga, Ba, Fe, Mn, Co, Be, Ti, Al, Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag) in urban environment; (2) to discriminate natural and anthropogenic contributions; and (3) to identify possible sources of pollution. Multivariate statistic approaches (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of three main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in Xuzhou urban topsoils. Results demonstrate that Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Br, Zn, Cu, S, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag could be inferred to be tracers of anthropogenic pollution, whereas Al, Ti, Ga, Li, V, Co, Pt, Mn and Be were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials. Iron, Ba, Sn, Pd and Br were interpreted to be affected by mixed sources.