粤西罗定盆地南缘金矿流体包裹体特征及成因意义

罗定盆地南缘的金矿脉石英和方解石中发育液相、气相和气液两相3种类型包裹体,以液相包裹体和气液包裹体为主。气液包裹体的气液比为5%～25%。包裹体盐度w(NaCl)为0.9%～10.6%,多数>5%,属于咸水-卤水。包裹体的均一温度显示,金矿有两个成矿阶段:第一阶段形成温度为172℃,第二阶段形成温度为122℃。氢氧同位素组成、流体包裹体成分显示成矿热液来源于大气降水。金矿形成于低温、浅成-超浅成环境,成矿热液可能经历了减压沸腾过程。金矿的成因类型属于浅成-超浅成低温热液型。     

江苏仑山金矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素和成矿年代学研究

仑山金矿床位于宁镇矿集区东端。成矿期分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,后者可进一步划分为热液Ⅰ阶段和热液Ⅱ阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段石英中的气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在330~366℃之间,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于4.96%~6.74%之间,热液Ⅰ阶段方解石中气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在150~240℃之间,w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于0.71%~9.80%之间,成矿流体为中高温低盐度流体;热液Ⅱ阶段石英、方解石和萤石的流体包裹体均一温度变化于124~260℃,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于1%~8%之间,成矿流体为中温低盐度流体。氢、氧同位素研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段成矿流体为岩浆流体,热液Ⅱ阶段成矿流体以大气降水占主导,但仍有少量岩浆流体。硫同位素研究表明,仑山金矿床沉积成矿期硫除来源于三叠系青龙群膏盐层外,有机质也参与了沉积成矿期中金矿的形成。热液Ⅰ阶段硫来源于沉积成岩阶段黄铁矿的活化迁移和富集,岩浆硫也提供了成矿物质。萤石Sm-Nd测年分析表明,仑山金矿床热液Ⅱ阶段成矿年龄为(93.7±3.1)Ma,推断主成矿阶段形成于晚白垩世。仑山金矿床的形成代表着长江中下游成矿带最晚期的成矿作用。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成因研究——来自流体包裹体的证据

甲玛铜多金属矿床位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段,是近年来勘探发现的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床。通过冷热台显微观察与测温、扫描电镜、激光拉曼探针测试,对甲玛矿床各成矿阶段典型矿物的流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体富含挥发分,临界相均一的流体来自岩浆超临界流体出溶,主成矿阶段具有沸腾包裹体组合特征,有机质包裹体荧光效应显著。显微测温结果显示,岩浆-热液阶段斑岩中石英斑晶的流体包裹体均一温度范围为250～540℃,含石盐子晶高盐度包裹体盐度范围为35～61(wt%)NaCl.eq,中等盐度的临界均一的气液包裹体盐度范围为3～29(wt%)NaCl.eq,岩浆期后热液阶段斑岩、角岩中石英脉的流体包裹体均一温度范围为210～410℃,盐度范围为33～41(wt%)NaCl.eq,与其不混溶共生的中低盐度气液两相流体包裹体盐度范围为5～25(wt%)NaCl.eq。矽卡岩阶段矿物均一温度范围为130～360℃,盐度范围为3～41(wt%)NaCl.eq,从岩浆热液过渡阶段到石英-硫化物阶段均一温度与盐度呈阶梯式降低趋势。斑岩体石英的流体包裹体中含有较多黄铜矿子矿物,岩浆结晶分异过程中已经具成矿元素的富集。激光拉曼探针测试结果显示,成矿早期至主成矿期矿物流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2、CH4和N2,各阶段矿物流体包裹体气相成分具有继承性。成矿流体为高温度高盐度,富含CO2、CH4的流体。成矿流体主要源于岩浆,后期混有大气降水。当岩浆热液上升时因压力的突然释放造成高温含矿热流体发生减压沸腾,CO2和CH4等气体大量逃逸,导致成矿物质快速沉淀。矿床在成因上与岩浆-热液成矿作用密切相关。     

豫西宽坪银矿床稳定同位素及成矿流体特征研究

宽坪银矿床是位于华北地块南缘崤山地区的蚀变岩型矿床。本文对宽坪矿床开展流体包裹体、稳定同位素研究,结果显示:宽坪银矿床成矿阶段分为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期,Ⅰ期LV型包裹体均一温度为151℃~330℃,平均为252℃,盐度为8.5%~16.4%,平均盐度为12.63%,流体具有中等盐度和低密度的特性,推测Ⅰ期成矿热液应为岩浆热液-变质热液的混合;Ⅱ期LV型包裹体均一温度为145℃~316℃,平均为216℃,盐度为0.19%~18%,平均为6.13%,较Ⅰ期温度平均下降36℃,盐度平均下降6.5%,推测Ⅱ期成矿热液应为变质热液-岩浆热液-雨水的混合;Ⅲ期成矿流体包裹体均一温度为136℃~265℃,平均为192℃,盐度范围为0.18%~16%,平均为7.73%,Ⅲ期成矿温度较Ⅱ期平均下降24℃,支持大气水的混入,但流体盐度较Ⅱ期略升,可能跟岩浆流体减弱、变质流体成矿作用增大有关,推测Ⅲ期成矿热液应为变质热液-雨水的混合。综合分析认为:(1)宽坪银矿床成矿期成矿温度为中低温;(2)成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液,后期有变质热液与雨水的混入,成矿物质主要来自岩浆带上来的深源物质。     

西秦岭地区猪婆沟金矿成矿物质来源及矿床成因分析

猪婆沟金矿位于西秦岭之北秦岭鸳鸯镇–关子镇蛇绿混杂岩带的反“S”形构造的转折端,金矿体赋存在早古生代李子园群中,矿体的产出受NW向和NE向韧性断裂及其次级构造控制,矿体形态为脉状。矿床热液期主成矿阶段石英中包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体、含子晶三相包裹体。含子晶三相包裹体的冰点温度为-4.8～-4.3℃;气液两相包裹体的冰点温度为-5.3～-0.1℃。该阶段含子晶三相包裹体的均一温度为141.3～198.6℃,平均为160.7℃;气液两相包裹体的均一温度为128.9～285.3℃,平均为174.1℃。成矿流体的均一温度值为130～170℃,峰值范围较宽。流体盐度为1.40～8.28%NaCleqv,平均为5.84%NaCleqv,具有中低温、低盐度特征;石英δ18OH₂O值为-3.29‰～4.42‰,δD值为-110.1‰～-86.6‰,成矿流体来源于原生岩浆水,在岩浆分异成矿的过程中,大气降水的含量逐渐增多。主成矿阶段黄铁矿和毒砂δ₃₄S值为10.7‰～11.5‰,矿物质分别来源于岩浆岩和地层;Pb同位素组成相似,主要来源于造山带铅,有部分上地...     

赣南河草坑地区铀矿床流体包裹体特征研究

河草坑地区铀矿床的流体包裹体类型复杂,有气体包裹体、气液包裹体、液体包裹体和含CO2包裹体4种类型.成矿期前流体包裹体均一温度为231.8～357.8℃,成矿期为163.4～300.3℃,成矿期后为125.4～190.9 ℃.从成矿期前-成矿期-成矿期后均一温度逐渐降低,但盐度变化不大(均＜7%).成矿期流体根据均一温度可以划分为3个阶段,148.7～180℃、180～260℃和260～328.1℃,并于370.1℃至438.7℃期间发生过减压沸腾作用,流体中CO2气体的逸出,导致成矿流体中铀的沉淀、富集.河草坑地区铀矿床成矿期流体包裹体的均一温度与盐度均非常相近,可能为同一来源,与赋矿围岩没有必然联系.     

甘肃干沙鄂博稀土矿床熔体和流体包裹体对成矿的制约

甘肃天祝干沙鄂博稀土矿床产于霓辉正长岩和霓辉正长斑岩中,矿体形态呈不规则脉状、透镜状和板状。成矿过程可分为岩浆期、岩浆-热液期、热液期和表生期,其中岩浆-热液期为主要成矿期。本矿床中的包裹体有熔体包裹体、流体-熔体包裹体、H_2O包裹体、CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体、含子矿物H_2O包裹体和含子矿物CO_2-H_2O包裹体7类,并以富含流体-熔体包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体为显著特征。包裹体组合从熔体包裹体→流体-熔体包裹体、H_2O包裹体、CO_2包裹体和CO_2-H_2O包裹体→H_2O包裹体的变化,反映本矿床的形成经历了从岩浆→岩浆+热液→热液的演化过程。岩浆期熔体包裹体均一温度为780℃;岩浆-热液期均一温度为191~700℃,盐度为5.26%~22.24%,属中低盐度,成矿压力为68~95 MPa,相应的成矿深度为2.6~3.6 km;热液期均一温度为129~225℃,盐度为0.35%~7.73%,为低盐度。从岩浆期到岩浆-热液期再到热液期,温度逐渐降低,矿化作用主要发生在岩浆-热液期,属中高温、中深成岩浆-热液过渡型矿床。     

吉林延边杜荒岭金矿流体包裹体特征与矿床成因

杜荒岭金矿床是产于石英闪长岩、受压性、压扭性断裂和爆破角砾岩筒联合控制的浅成中温岩浆热液矿床。流体包裹体研究表明: ①流体包裹体的类型以气液两相包裹体为主,其次为纯液相包裹体、气相包裹体及少量含NaCl 子矿物三相原生流体包裹体,成矿流体属NaCl--H2O 体系; ②主成矿阶段均一温度为200℃ ～ 375℃,集中在230℃ ～ 320℃; 流体具有低密度( 0. 68 ～ 0. 94 g /cm3 ) ,低盐度 ( 3. 39 ～ 13. 07 ( wt%,NaCl) ) 的特征,成矿压力为7. 5 ～ 14. 3 MPa,估算成矿深度1. 2 ～ 1. 6 km; ③ 结合新近同位素、微量元素及年代学研究成果,认为杜荒岭金矿主要与晚燕山期岩浆活动有关,成矿流体源于岩浆热液,流体上升过程中发生隐爆和沸腾作用,同时伴有部分大气降水加入,导致成矿物质快速沉淀富集。     

黑龙江省铜山斑岩铜矿床流体包裹体研究

铜山大型铜矿床位于小兴安岭西北部,是中亚-兴蒙造山带北东段最著名的斑岩型铜矿床之一,矿体产于加里东期花岗闪长岩和中奥陶世多宝山组安山岩、凝灰岩中,铜矿化与硅化-绢云母化关系密切.流体包裹体研究表明,铜山铜矿床主要发育气液两相包裹体、含CO_2包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体.成矿流体在形成过程中经历了早、中、晚3个阶段的演化.成矿早阶段发育气液两相水溶液包裹体和少量含子矿物多相包裹体,均一温度介于420℃～＞5500C之间,流体盐度介于13.72 wt%～59.76 wt%NaCl eqv之间;中阶段为铜山矿床的主成矿阶段,发育气液两相水溶液包裹体和含CO_2包裹体,均一温度为241℃～417℃,流体盐度介于2.96 wt%～14.04 wt%NaCl eqv之间,主成矿期成矿流体总体上属H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系;晚阶段仅发育气液两相水溶液包裹体,均一温度为122℃～218℃,盐度介于3.71 wt%～15.96 wt%NaCl eqv之间,表明晚阶段有大气降水的混入.成矿早、中阶段的流体均为不混溶流体,流体沸腾作用是金属硫化物大量沉淀的主要机制.铜山矿床形成于陆缘弧环境.     

夏杖子金矿载金矿物石英的标型特征及成因探讨

石英是夏杖子金矿床主要脉石矿物及载金矿物之一,通过对石英的化学成分、流体包裹体、稀土元素特征、红外吸收光谱和同位素组成等的分析研究,结果表明,夏杖子金矿床的石英流体包裹体主要为单相液体H2O包裹体为主,气液包裹体较少,占5%～10%,另还有一种更少见的富HO4包裹体。液相成分和氢氧同位素揭示成矿流体为岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体。包裹体的均一温度90℃～210℃,盐度7.0%～11%,为中—低温、低盐度成矿流体。石英稀土元素组成与岩浆岩一致,说明石英与岩浆岩有着渊源关系。夏杖子金矿为燕山晚期浅成中低温岩浆热液金矿床。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.