湖南省银矿资源概况及成矿规律

【研究目的】银是现代国防、尖端科技不可缺少的材料,也是人民群众用于装饰美化生活的贵金属之一。【研究方法】本文系统收集了湖南银矿床储量和分布等内容,在对全省93处银矿床资料系统梳理的基础上,综合分析湖南银矿床成因类型、主要预测类型及地层、构造、岩浆岩、地球化学异常、重砂异常等成矿控制因素,总结了湖南银矿的时空分布规律。【研究结果】至2018年,湖南省发现银矿床93处,累计查明资源储量1.55万t,占中国查明银矿比例4.71%,郴州、衡阳、永州三市,占全省总查明量的89.40%。银主要与铅锌、金、铜、钨等共伴生,以伴生矿床为主、共生矿床及主要矿床为辅。对各矿床划分了岩浆作用形成的矽卡岩型、岩浆热液型,含矿流体作用形成的浅成中—低温热液（MVT密西西比河谷）型,沉积作用形成的机械沉积（砂岩）型、化学沉积（页岩）型,表生作用形成的风化型等6个银矿成因类型及预测类型,其中前3个为主要成因类型及主要预测类型,编制了湖南银矿主要预测类型分布图。【结论】划分了加里东期、印支期、燕山期、喜山期共4个成矿时代,以燕山期为主;湖南银矿除洞庭湖以外均有分布,主要分布于岳阳—邵阳一线以东,资源储量主要分布于七宝...     

我国银矿区域成矿特点

我国银矿的区域分布与中国大地构造的发展、演化历史和构造格局有着密切的关系。在我国一、二级构造单元中,银矿床出现最多的部位是地台边缘的坳陷断裂带。与深大断裂关系最密切的银矿类型主要有火山岩型、斑岩型、热液脉型和夕卡岩型。银矿床(体)的产出严格受次一级褶皱、三、四级断裂构造或火山机构控制。银矿床在不同成矿期的分布也有明显差异,燕山晚期是银矿最主要的成矿期。根据我国银矿的区域成矿规律、控矿因紊和找矿信息划分了39个银矿成矿区带和51个成矿远景区,其中A级远景区24个。     

中国铝土矿资源特征及潜力分析

本文从铝土矿资源现状、成因类型、预测类型、资源潜力等方面总结了中国铝土矿资源特征。中国铝土矿划分为古风化壳沉积型、堆积型和红土型3大矿床成因类型,对应于铝土矿3大预测类型;根据中国铝土矿查明资源储量和预测资源量分布,从成铝区带、省区市和主成矿期3个层面,重点分析了中国铝土矿资源潜力,提出中国南方红土型铝土矿和中国北方煤下铝土矿是今后主要的找矿方向。     

中国成菱镁矿区带与关键科学问题

我国菱镁矿资源丰富,储量巨大,目前位居世界首位.类型上以晶质菱镁矿为主,便于开发利用.晶质菱镁矿又以沉积变质型为主,集中分布在辽东地区,形成了世界级的大型—超大型菱镁矿集中区和生产基地,其次为成因上与超镁铁质杂岩密切相关的热液交代型和风化残积型,青藏班公湖成矿带可作为我国湖相沉积型菱镁矿找矿的重要靶区.本次在对全国62处菱镁矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国菱镁矿的成矿规律,进一步划分了菱镁矿的矿床类型,并划分出13个成菱镁矿带,编制了“中国菱镁矿成矿规律图”、“中国菱镁矿成矿体系图”和“中国成菱镁矿带分布图”等图件,为我国菱镁矿资源潜力评价的预测工作提供了理论依据.同时,本文对我国辽东超大型菱镁矿的成因机制问题和菱镁矿中镁的物质来源等关键科学问题展开了探讨.     

冀北银矿成矿规律及成矿模式探讨

冀北地区银(多金属)矿床成因类型可划分为火山-次火山热液型和岩浆热液型,以火山一次火山热液型为主.银多金属矿床的空间分布受火山断陷盆地或凹陷带内断裂构造的控制,时间上则与燕山期强烈的构造-岩浆活动相配套,矿床由南向北呈铜钼矿→金银铅锌多金属矿→银多金属矿→银矿→萤石矿的空间组合规律.文章总结了典型矿床成矿模式,提出了冀北地区银矿找矿方向.     

全球铅锌矿资源分布

世界范围内铅锌矿资源较为丰富，在全球50多个国家均有分布.通过搜集国内外铅锌矿相关的资料和信息，在对世界1035处铅锌矿床及3319个矿（化）点资料进行提炼、系统梳理的基础上，对不同数据来源的全球铅锌矿的储量和资源储量进行比较研究，对全球铅锌矿3种主要成因类型，即喷流沉积型、火山块状硫化物型和密西西比型铅锌矿的资源分布、成矿时间和成矿空间分布规律进行了全面的综合分析研究，对世界大型铅锌矿床的储量、资源储量、品位、成矿类型和成矿特征进行归纳总结，以期为全球铅锌矿的综合研究提供参考.     

中国铁矿成矿规律及重点矿集区资源潜力分析

铁矿是中国重要的大宗金属矿产资源,对其进行成矿规律总结和潜力分析具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文总结了中国铁矿资源的禀赋特征;将中国铁矿床分为沉积变质型、岩浆型、接触交代-热液型、火山岩型、沉积型和风化淋滤型6种成因类型和40个矿床式,并建立了鞍山式沉积变质型、大庙式岩浆型、蒙库式海相火山岩型、大西沟式沉积型铁矿床的成矿模式;划分了36个中国铁矿成矿区带,编制了成矿区带图,总结了不同类型铁矿和不同时代铁矿的空间分布规律;总结了矿床类型、矿床规模和矿石类型的时间分布规律;最后,探讨了7个重点成矿区带的资源潜力。     

火山次火山岩型银矿床的基本地质特征

火山、次火山岩型银矿床储量约占全国银总储量的80％,是我国重要的银矿床类型。该类型矿床均分布于地洼区的不同构造单元的交接部位。结合地洼构造单元分区,将47个银矿床划分为东南、华中、五台—南兴安岭、吉辽、额尔古纳和滇西等6个银成矿区带。运用地洼成矿理论,初步总结了火山、次火山岩型银矿床产布,矿物组合,赋存形式和载体矿物以及成矿机构等方面的基本地质特征。     

浙东火山岩型银矿成矿条件及勘查方法

本区火山岩型银矿赋存于上侏罗—下白垩统陆相火山岩中;由于中生代太平洋板块向西俯冲.大陆边缘火山岩浆活动强烈.嵊县—黄岩地区由于断裂为造、火山岩发育而形成南北向的矿化集中区.成矿与火山岩浆活动晚期的潜火山岩、脉岩有关.属于浅成中低温热液矿床.根据矿床围岩蚀变、矿化类型及成晕元素的分带规律,可指导找矿及预测隐伏矿床.并初步建立了勘查模式.总结了成矿预测、综合找矿、详细评价三个层次的勘查方法.     

特大型银矿床地质特征及找矿方向

特大型银矿床在资源占有量上占举足轻重的地位,使之已经成为近年来重要的研究课题之一.从已知的国内外特大型银矿床入手,在成矿时间、空间以及成矿特征方面进行了深入的研究.提出了特大型银矿床的主要成矿地质特征、矿床类型划分方案及在我国的找矿方向.概括如下:(1)已知特大型银矿床均分布于环太平洋成矿带内,主要受控于中生代、新生代的火山岩带和裂谷带之中,多数矿床与中酸性-酸性岩浆活动有关;(2)特大型银矿床以成矿系列为主要线索,划分为浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型和5元素型;(3)中国在中新生代火山岩及裂谷发育地区,如大兴安岭-太行山带等,具有特大型银矿床的成矿潜力.     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Silver Deposits in China

China has widely distributed silver deposits,and is rich in silver resources.Although silver deposits are mainly associated with Pb-Zn deposits,a number of independent silver deposits have also been discovered in recent years.Silver deposits include different types,such as submarine volcanism and continental volcanism related type,intrusion related type,and sedimentary related type.This study summarized the metallogenic regularity of China’s silver deposits systematically based mainly on the data from 490 silver deposits.It is shown that submarine volcanic sedimentary type,continental volcanic or sub-volcanic type,skarn type,hydrothermal type(including vein type and stratabound type),sedimentary metamorphic type,sedimentary type and regolith type should be regarded as the most important prediction types of silver deposit.A total of 32 silver mineralization belts and 111 silver concentration areas have been delineated.The map of "Spatial distribution of silver mineralization belts in China" and other series of maps finished in this study may provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prognosis of silver resources potential in China.     

火山作用与银矿化

我国与火山作用有关的银矿床占大、中型银矿床总数的33.5 %。燕山旋回是我国与火山岩和潜火山岩有关的银矿最重要的成矿期。这类银矿几乎都产于深大断裂边缘或次级构造交汇部位、 地槽区海相火山活动地带及地台活化区陆相火山活动地带。硅化和钠化与银矿化最为密切。矿液中的Au、Pb、Sc、Mn、Cd对银的成矿作用有积极影响。银在矿石中的分布特点显示,矿石中95%以上的银呈独立银矿物存在,方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿是银的最重要载体矿物,这为银的充分回收利用提供了地质依据。     

全国火山岩型铀矿资源潜力评价

火山岩型铀矿床均产于古陆壳之上的酸性（或偏碱性）陆相火山岩系中,文章根据中国陆相火山岩系的产出环境,结合铀矿床、矿点及矿化点的分布,划分出6条火山岩型铀矿成矿带和8条火山岩型铀矿远景带（预测工作区）,对铀矿化集中区进一步划分出21个预测区。根据含矿主岩及控矿构造特征,将火山岩型铀矿床分为5个亚类、16个矿床式（29个典型矿床）,建立了成矿模式,并在此基础上划分出4个预测类型,总结了火山岩型铀矿的成矿要素、预测要素及成矿规律。对14个预测工作区和21个预测区编制了系列图件,圈出了预测工作区靶区近200个,并分别采用数量化理论Ⅰ、品位吨位法、体积法及德尔菲法对各预测工作区和预测区500m以浅及1 000m以浅的铀矿资源量进行了估算。编制了火山岩型铀矿勘查工作部署图,对今后铀矿地质工作及铀矿大基地建设提出建议。     

Classification,metallogenesis and exploration of silver deposits in Daxing’anling of Inner Mongolia and its adjacent areas

By the end of 2020, 83 silver deposits (or ore occurrences), including four super-large-scale deposits, nine large-scale deposits, 33 medium-scale deposits and 37 small-scale deposits or ore occurrences, have been proved. The amount of silver metal exceeds 86000 t with average grade of 100 g/t, which makes Daxing’ anling region one of the the most important silver ore belt in China. However, the metallogenic characteristics and metallogenesis need to be clarified. The silver deposits in the study area are classified into three main types, which are magmatic hydrothermal vein type, continental volcano-subvolcanic type and skarn type, respectively. The supergiant deposits include the Shuangjianzishan deposit (silver metal amount of 15214 t with average grade of 138 g/t), the Baiyinchagandongshan deposit (silver metal amount of 9446 t with average grade of 187 g/t), the Huaobaote deposit (silver metal amount of 6852 t with average grade of 170 g/t), and the Fuxingtun deposit (silver metal amount of 5240 t with average grade of 196 g/t). The silver deposits are mainly distributed in the central and south of the Daxing’anling area, and mainly formed in the Yanshanian period. The silver polymetallic deposits in the Daxinganling area are significantly controlled by regional faults and the junction zone of volcanic rock basins and their margins. The north-east trending deep faults are the most important ore-controlling structures in this area. The distribution of silver polymetallic deposits along the main faults is obvious, and the intersection area of multiple groups of faults often form important mine catchments. The Permian is the most important ore-bearing formation in this area, but some important silver polymetallic deposits occur in Mesozoic volcanic basins or pre-Mesozoic strata. The magmatic rocks related to mineralization are mainly intermediate acidic or acidic intrusions, intermediate acidic lavas, pyroclastic rocks, and small intrusions of ultra-shallow or shallow facies of the Yanshanian Period. The mineralization element combination is mainly determined by the elemental geochemical background of surrounding rocks or source layers. In addition, the type of deposit, the distance from the mineralization center, and the degree of differentiation of ore-forming rock mass are also important influence factors. The article analyzes the prospecting prospects of each silver deposit type in the study area, discusses the relationship between mineralization center and deep prospecting, and proposes that porphyry silver deposits should be paid attention to. In the prospecting and exploration of silver deposits, comprehensive evaluation and multi-target prospecting need to be strengthened because silver can coexist or be associated with a variety of metals.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

中国两种VHMS型银矿床的基本特征

中国存在两种类型的VHMS型银矿床.其一为裂谷VHMS型银矿床,产于大陆裂谷构造环境中,受碱性橄榄玄武岩系列火山活动控制.银、铜为主要成矿元素;其二为岛弧VHMS型银矿床,产于岛弧带之上,其成矿作用与岛弧钙碱性系列火山活动关系密切.两种银矿床分别就位于粗安岩和流纹岩之中,它们的主成矿作用均发生于整个火山活动的晚期阶段.     

戴云山构造带成矿地质特征

戴云山构造带的断裂活动、岩浆活动及火山作用强烈,不同期次的岩浆侵入和火山活动对Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn矿床的形成起着一定的控制作用.元古界变质基底和上古生界在火山岩中呈"天窗"出露.戴云山构造带内主要有层间破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床、沉积变质-热液叠加改造型铅锌银矿床、接触交代型矿床、斑岩型铜(钼)矿床、火山热液型矿床.研究表明:晋宁-加里东期是该区最重要的成矿期,燕山晚期为另一重要成矿期.区域断裂、褶皱构造、构造界面以及2组构造的交汇都对矿床的产出起着重要的控制作用.     

西天山金、铜矿地质特征简述

西天山是我国古生代造山带重要的金、铜矿成矿单元之一,具有Au、Cu地球化学场.各种地球物理场也显示具有良好的金、铜矿成矿地质背景.金、铜矿主要生成于海西期的构造岩浆地质热事件中,形成了浅成低温热液型和韧性剪切带型金矿以及海底火山喷气热水沉积型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型、陆相火山热液充填型铜矿.可划分出赛里木铜金成矿带、吐拉苏也里莫墩金成矿带、察布查尔铜成矿带及胜利达坂金成矿带.主要矿床有阿希金矿、望峰金矿、喇嘛苏铜矿和预须开普台铜矿.     

中国银矿床地质控矿规律及若干找矿方向

本文在前人研究的基础上,概述了地层、构造和岩浆岩对我国银矿产出和分布的控制特点和规律:银矿赋矿地层以泥盆系最多,其次是中元古界、石炭系等,按赋矿岩性则以碳酸盐岩最多,变质岩次之;古老地块边缘裂陷槽和增生带、区域性深大断裂及多组构造汇聚部位及陆相断陷盆地是我国银矿产出和分布的重要控制因素;海相火山岩、陆相火山岩、侵入岩控制着我国不同地区和类型的银矿产出。分析了我国大型、超大型银矿的找矿前景和方向,提出川西义敦岛弧带、川滇黔接壤地区和大兴安岭成矿带是大型、超大型银矿的重要找矿区,继续加强我国陆相火山岩型大型、超大型银矿的寻找和研究;重视在萤石矿床分布区、黑色岩系分布区找银矿及火山岩地区找银锰型矿床;充分利用银矿找钨、锡等其他矿种。     

Assessment of Prospecting Potentiality for Superlarge Continental Volcanic Rock—Type Uranium Deposits in China

The superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits,which were discovered abroad long ago,have not ye been reported up to now in China.This is an important problem that needs to be urgently solved by uranium geologists at present.In this paper,on the basis of analyzing the metallogenic settings and geological conditions of the superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits discovered in the world along with the metallogenic characteristics of those of the same type in China,the space-time distribution patterns of continental volcanics and the metallogenic potential of main tectono-volcanic belts in China are discussed,and a synthetic conclusion has been drawn that there is a possibility to discover the superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits in China.Moreover,it is evidenced that the Ganhang,Nanling,Yanliao,Da Hinggan Ling and other tectono-volcanic belts possess favorable geological conditions for the formation of ssuperlarge ore deposits of the continental volcanic rock type.The intersecting and overlapping locations of the aforementioned main belts with other tectono-volcanic(-intrusive)belts are the most potential areas where the superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits would be found.