龙门山断裂带变形特征

野外构造解析和地震遗址的构造应力分析显示,龙门山断裂带在新生代早期对应于当时的南东-北西主压应力场,发育了北北东向的左旋走滑构造体系,其后才被具有右旋兼具逆冲的龙门山断裂带叠加改造,对应的近东西向构造主压应力场一直延续至今,是区内地震构造的应力场机制。龙门山断裂带河流岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹分析显示,龙门山断裂带在走向上位移量有显著的差别,呈现正态分布的整体趋势。依照龙门山隆起剥蚀单调冷却的热史特征,判定前述两期变形的转换时限是40 Ma前后。结合龙门山断裂带地层厚度和变形时的深度模型,认为现今龙门山断裂带是一个宽达数十千米的大型走滑断裂带,剖面上呈现花状构造特征。近地表的逆冲构造是薄皮构造,并由此建立了龙门山断裂带走滑变形的深度变形样式模型。     

恒山中段新太古代高压麻粒岩区的构造特征

恒山中段高压麻粒岩区是华北克拉通新太古代高压麻粒岩最好的露头区之一，北部为强烈重熔的灰色片麻岩区，构造样式以穹窿、近水平韧性剪切带为主，中部以近东西向的右旋走滑剪切带与南部变形变质程度相对较低的岩石单元相接，后者主要的岩石类型为均匀的英云闪长质片麻岩和变质辉绿岩墙。高压麻粒岩以透镜体形式出现在北部。本文通过对恒山高压麻粒岩区构造特征和构造样式的分析，认为高压麻粒岩区主要经历了4期构造变形：①高压麻粒岩透镜体里的逆冲型韧性剪切变形和走滑剪切变形；②向南或南西的伸展变形；③右行走滑剪切；④向东或南东伸展变形。对恒山地区的高压麻粒岩的出露起决定作用的是两次伸展构造运动。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起北缘吐木休克弧形基底卷入斜向滑移构造

石油地震资料揭示塔里木盆地中央巴楚隆起为结晶基底和古生代地层相对隆升区,地表为第四纪陆相碎屑岩不整合覆盖,隐伏隆起大部分区域缺失中、新生界。在隆起南北两侧构造变形比较强烈,均发育基底卷入的逆冲构造和古生界内逆冲构造。根据钻井资料和二维地震测线详细的构造解释,应用断层相关褶皱理论得知：吐木休克基底卷入逆冲断层是在中生界早期形成的基底卷入楔形构造的基础上,在新生界晚期再次活动形成的;新生代晚期中亚地区强烈陆内变形,导致塔里木盆地先期形成的巴楚隆起再次挤压隆升;晚期变形过程中,先存构造与形成新构造挤压方向的偏差导致新构造发育有走滑分量,形成典型的斜向挤压构造——吐木休克旋转弧形构造。平面分布上,弧形构造东西向延伸的中段和北东向延伸的西段,早期为基底卷入楔形构造,晚期发育基底卷入逆冲构造;近北西向延伸的东段,晚期发育基底卷入楔形构造叠加在早期基底卷入楔形构造之上,说明该构造至少经历了两期变形。由于晚期基底卷入逆冲断层具有走滑分量,导致盖层单斜构造发育3类应变带及相应构造：拉伸变形带发育的正断层、剪切变形带发育的走滑断层及挤压应变带即走滑构造分量;西段发育左行逆冲走滑断裂带及伸展变形;东段发育右行逆冲走滑断裂带。弧形构造西部发育的构造样式与2012年Keating等模拟的斜向断层位移形成的构造样式非常相似,说明弧形构造西段吐木休克基底卷入逆冲构造具有走滑分量,从而合理地解释了该区发育的构造样式及正断层形成机制。     

天山造山带东段构造变形对增生造山末期的响应

天山造山带位于中亚造山带最南端,是研究和认识中亚造山带晚古生代增生造山过程的关键地区。本文聚焦于天山造山带东段发育的最晚一期脆韧性构造变形,通过对阿其克库都克断裂带、康古尔断裂带和哈尔里克构造带等变形带内的构造几何学和运动学特征解析,认为阿其克库都克断裂带表现为由南向北逆冲兼右行剪切变形特征,康古尔断裂带表现为南北向挤压兼右行剪切变形特征,哈尔里克构造带表现为由北向南的逆冲叠加稍晚期的左行走滑剪切变形特征。结合大量已有的构造热年代学数据分析,指出各构造单元内最晚一期脆韧性变形时间为二叠纪晚期-中三叠世,指示该时间段内近东西走向的天山造山带东段和北西-南东走向的东准噶尔造山带与西侧哈萨克斯坦弧形造山系呈现为三向汇聚的动力学特征,代表中亚造山带增生造山末期的演化特征。     

松潘—甘孜褶皱带较场弧形构造特征及其大地构造意义

根据详细野外露头特征及显微构造特征将较场弧形带由南向北分为三个变形带:弧顶部、弧核部和弧翼部,不同分带具有明显不同的变形特征。由南向北变形特征由以塑性变形为主过渡为脆性变形为主,变质流体活动喜马拉雅构造期活动强烈,且向北逐渐增强;弧核部以叠瓦状逆冲构造特征分隔弧顶和弧翼部;弧翼部东西两翼变形及变质流体活动特征具有一定差异性。较场弧形带总体体现出多期次南北向挤压—张性应力变形构造特征,叠加北西—北北西向同构造期挤压变质运动,其宏观和微观变形特征与典型"走滑成因"模式弧形构造特征相异,为其大地构造成因机制的解释提出了新的限制条件。     

塔西南齐姆根楔形构造与走滑构造叠加两阶段演化模式

塔里木盆地西南缘逆冲带由西部近东西方向的喀什逆冲构造带和东部近东西方向柯克亚—和田逆冲构造带以及中间喀什—叶城走滑断层系组成,而北西—南东走向的喀什—叶城走滑断层带及其东侧齐姆根构造则为呈北东方向凸出的弧形构造。齐姆根弧形构造在地表地质和地震剖面均表现为向盆地方向倾斜的单斜形态。而且在塔西南地区,该弧形构造上从白垩系到新近系地层厚度明显大于东西两侧逆冲带同时代地层厚度,表现为异常增厚的特征。为了探讨齐姆根弧形构造特征及地层厚度异常增厚等原因,依据前人的地表地质填图成果,以及塔里木盆地西南缘齐姆根地区及邻区完成的二维地震资料及钻井资料成果,对该区地震剖面资料进行详细的构造解释,提出齐姆根弧形构造单斜之下存在3个隐伏逆冲构造楔形体,即棋盘楔形构造、齐姆根楔形构造和英吉沙楔形构造。地震剖面解释的生长地层指出棋盘楔形构造形成最早,为上新世阿图什组沉积时期;其次发育齐姆根楔形构造,为更新世西域组底部沉积时期;最晚发育英吉沙楔形构造,时间大约在更新世西域组中-上段沉积时期,据此认为齐姆根中深层逆冲构造位移扩展方式为前展式。而且地震剖面解释上也揭示了白垩系到新近系地层厚度异常增厚发育的构造部位及发育...     

新疆中天山北缘阿齐克库都格—尾亚古生代大型韧性剪切带研究

横跨天山的中天山北缘断裂带是中亚地区一个重要构造单元,新疆的阿齐克库都格-尾亚断裂带是其重要的组成部分。走向近东西,宽约30 km,延伸1000 km以上。主要由绿片岩化和糜棱岩化的早古生代杂砂岩、火山岩、含高压变质岩的蛇绿混杂岩和新元古代片岩、片麻岩、花岗片麻岩等组成。二叠纪的红色磨拉石不整合覆盖在这些变质变形的岩石之上。笔者研究表明,这是一个古生代的大型韧性剪切带。广泛发育于该带的近直立糜棱面理和近水平拉伸线理确定了其走滑性质,各种运动学标志如不对称褶皱、小型—显微尺度的非同轴不对称剪切组构、糜棱岩中石英的C轴组构等标定这是一个近东西走向的右旋走滑韧性剪切带。部分地段沿该带两侧具有逆冲和挤出成分,以花状构造和枢纽平缓的直立褶皱为特征,反映     

郯庐断裂带桐城段构造变形解析

郯庐断裂带桐城段韧性剪切带位于大别造山带东北缘。首先对剪切带两端的两套片麻岩进行宏观构造特征、矿物组成以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,确定片麻岩为印支造山期高压变质产物。之后由于郯庐断裂带左行韧性走滑叠加,在原来近东西向造山带片麻岩基础上形成了NE-SW向的糜棱岩—超糜棱岩带。根据糜棱岩中主要矿物的变形行为,估算剪切带的变形温度约为450 ℃～530 ℃,局部可达550 ℃,为高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变质;有限应变测量和应变强度计算的结果表明,矿物在韧性剪切过程中经历了强烈的拉长变形,剪切带中间位置变形程度最强,向两边慢慢减弱;运用多种方法对糜棱岩进行运动学涡度的测量计算,结果表明郯庐断裂带桐城段为一以简单剪切为主导的减薄型一般剪切带。     

南迦巴瓦地区东喜马拉雅构造结印度与欧亚大陆古新世初期碰撞的构造及年代学证据

南迦巴瓦地区东喜马拉雅构造结为一由边界断裂围限的强烈变形变质地体,其东、西边界分别为左行为主的东久——米林断裂和右行的阿尼桥断裂,北边界由一系列北西向断裂组成,沿边界分布雅鲁藏布江缝合带及日喀则群弧前沉积的残余。构造结变质地体为印度大陆高喜马拉雅岩系的角闪岩相——麻粒岩相正负片麻岩,构造结外侧为欧亚大陆岩系。构造结西边界的东久——米林断裂为——北东走向左行剪切带,主要由强烈剪切变形形成的糜棱状岩石组成,运动性质为北西盘上升的左行逆冲;构造结内部构造形态为南南西向逆冲推覆构造体系。边界断裂的走滑与构造结内部的缩短运动形式协调一致,     

大别造山带南界襄樊—广济断裂带的演化规律与构造意义

自中三叠世扬子与华北板块发生碰撞—深俯冲作用以来,大别造山带南界上的襄樊—广济断裂带主要经历过两次变形事件: 1)早期变形事件发生在中三叠世末—晚三叠世初的造山带折返阶段,表现为造山带南边界上的韧性剪切带。这期北西—南东走向的剪切带向南西陡倾,发育北西—南东向的矿物拉伸线理,主要为右行走滑的运动性质,属于造山带斜向折返的侧边界走滑剪切带。造山带折返过程中将前陆褶断带北缘原先东西向褶皱改造为北西—南东走向。2)晚期变形事件发生在晚侏罗世,表现为脆性逆冲断层,使得前陆褶断带向北东逆冲在造山带南缘之上,同时在前陆上形成了一系列的逆冲断层。该断裂带的晚期逆冲活动与郯庐断裂带左行平移同时发生,代表了滨太平洋构造活动的开始。     

武夷山北缘断裂带动力学研究

华南武夷山北缘边界被绍兴－兴山－东乡断裂带所限。该断裂带到少保留了三期构造事件的形迹，第一期发生在８００Ｍａ～９００Ｍａ的晚元古代，呈ＮＷ向ＳＥ的区域推覆韧剪变形运动，以构造混杂岩和区域绿片岩相－角闪岩相变质，强烈的褶皱和韧剪变形为特征，对应于古洋盆关闭，华南复合地体与江南岛弧撞焊接过程，第二期发生在４５８Ｍａ～４２１Ｍａ的志留纪，表现为从北向南的韧剪变形运动，伴有左旋走滑韧性剪切，以糜棱岩化和进变质作用为特征．黒云母多变为硅线石。该期变形使第一期构造形迹被强烈选加置换。其动力学背景与闽东南地体朝武夷山的拼贴增生事件有关。第三期属中生代陆内变形，是一种高构造位的左旋走滑脆性剪切，以岩石的破裂和岩块的水平位移为特征．并具转换拉伸性质，导致中生代火山沉积盆地的形成。     

The Rwenzori Mountains,a Palaeoproterozoic crustal shear belt crossing the Albertine rift system

This contribution discusses the development of the Palaeoproterozoic Buganda-Toro belt in the Rwenzori Mountains and its influence on the western part of the East African Rift System in Uganda. The Buganda-Toro belt is composed of several thick-skinned nappes consisting of Archaean Gneisses and Palaeoproterozoic cover units that are thrusted northwards. The high Rwenzori Mountains are located in the frontal unit of this belt with retrograde greenschist facies gneisses towards the north, which are unconformably overlain by metasediments and amphibolites. Towards the south, the metasediments are overthrust by the next migmatitic gneiss unit that belongs to a crustal-scale nappe. The southwards dipping metasedimentary and volcanic sequence in the high Rwenzori Mountains shows an inverse metamorphic grade with greenschist facies conditions in the north and amphibolite facies conditions in the south. Early D1 deformation structures are overgrown by cordierite, which in turn grows into D2 deformation, representing the major northwards directed thrusting event. We argue that the inverse metamorphic gradient develops because higher grade rocks are exhumed in the footwall of a crustal-scale nappe, whereas the exhumation decreases towards the north away from the nappe leading to a decrease in metamorphic grade. The D2 deformation event is followed by a D3 E-W compression, a D4 with the development of steep shear zones with a NNE-SSW and SSE-NNW trend including the large Nyamwamba shear followed by a local D5 retrograde event and D6 brittle reverse faulting. The Palaeoproterozoic Buganda-Toro belt is relatively stiff and crosses the NNE-SSW running rift system exactly at the node where the highest peaks of the Rwenzori Mountains are situated and where the Lake George rift terminates towards the north. Orientation of brittle and ductile fabrics show some similarities indicating that the cross-cutting Buganda-Toro belt influenced rift propagation and brittle fault development within the Rwenzori Mountains and that this stiff belt may form part of the reason why the Rwenzori Mountains are relatively high within the rift.     

北大巴山逆冲推覆构造带前缘构造特征及变形年代学研究

在北大巴山推覆构造带前缘,北—北东倾斜的城口断裂和南—南西倾斜的高桥断裂形成一背冲式逆冲推覆体系,以两断层为界,其间为一巨型冲起构造。该冲起构造因边界断裂的产状特征、活动强度沿走向的差异,而表现出明显的分段性:其北西段为双向逆冲的"正花状"结构;而南东段为反向逆冲为主的"半花状"结构。同构造低温变质绢云母40Ar-39Ar年龄显示,城口断裂在燕山期(约143.3Ma)存在一次强烈的构造活动,导致北大巴构造带进一步逆冲扩展和强烈隆升。在逆冲-推覆向前扩展过程中,受锋缘外侧阻抗的影响,沿前缘部位形成一系列反向逆冲断层,从而形成巨型冲起构造。     

Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.     

滇西西盟地区前泥盆纪变质岩系的变形构造格架

滇西西盟一带是保山—掸邦地块在我国境内的一个基底岩系出露地区。该地区的前泥盆纪变质岩系可划分成两个构造层，下部为元古代构造层，由变质深度达角闪岩相的怕可杂岩系组成，发育３期南北向的变形构造；上部为早古生代构造层，由低绿片岩相变质的王雅组、允沟组组成，发育两期呈南北向的变形构造。变形构造表明，西盟变质岩系的主期构造格架以怕可—老街子背形叠瓦垛为主导构造要素，由背驮式扩展的向东逆冲的盲逆冲断裂系组成，王雅—允沟反冲叠瓦扇是盲逆冲断裂系的盖层响应变形系统，并以向西逆冲的推覆构造为特征     

东天山北部哈尔里克晚古生代推覆构造与岩浆作用研究

东天山北部哈尔里地荀晚古生代火山弧，石炭纪末发生区域性逆冲推覆作用，研究表明，在晚石炭世碰撞造山过程中，哈尔里克地区国三个不同阶段屿性质的构造变形，变民岩浆作用；即３４６－３１２Ｍａ从南向北的推覆作用，对应于这期从北向南的俯冲事件；３１２－２６０Ｍａ从北向南的推覆作用，对应于晚石炭世的陆－陆碰撞陆内变形事件：２６０－２３０Ｍａ洞东西方向的右旋走滑作用，对应于造山期末发生在边界断裂附近的变形事件，大     

南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析

大巴山构造带位于秦岭造山带和四川盆地的过渡部位,形成于印支-燕山期,定型于喜山期。按照构造变形样式及其组合特征,从北东向南西可依次划分为北大巴山逆冲推覆构造带、南大巴山前陆褶皱-冲断带(又包括叠瓦断层带、断层-褶皱带和滑脱褶皱带等3个亚带)和四川盆地东北部低缓构造区等3个构造带(区)。南大巴山冲断带地表构造以类侏罗山式褶皱为显著特征,主要发育叠瓦断层系、断层相关褶皱、被动顶板双重构造、反冲断层系和冲起构造等变形样式。北东-南西向挤压应力和滑脱层是控制南大巴山及其前缘构造变形的主要因素,结合区域地质研究成果,建立了南大巴山及其前缘地区依次从震旦系-下寒武统-志留系-中下三叠统逐渐抬高的多层次滑脱前展模式。     

桂中坳陷北部河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带分析

通过对典型实测地质剖面的综合构造解释和变形缩短量的估算,发现河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带在逆冲方向、构造样式和变形缩短强度上具有明显的分段性:河池段和宜山段变形强度中等,变形样式分别为由北向南逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造和叠瓦状构造;柳城段变形强度最大,为由南向北逆冲的叠瓦状构造;英山段变形最弱,为由北向南逆冲兼有走滑性质的正花状构造。河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带内部发育的横向调节带和纵向传递带对不同区段构造样式和变形强度具有调节作用。最后,结合区域变形特征,探讨了河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带差异变形的成因机制。     

Thermal-baric structure and P–T history of the Brooks Range metamorphic core, Alaska

Documentation of pressure–temperature (P–T) histories across an epidote‐amphibolite facies culmination provides new insight into the tectono‐thermal evolution of the Brooks Range collisional orogen. Thermobarometry reveals that the highest grade rocks formed at peak temperatures of 560–600 °C and at pressures of 8–9.5 kbar. The thermal culmination coincides with the apex of a structural dome defined by oppositely dipping S2 crenulation cleavages suggesting post‐metamorphic doming. South of the thermal culmination, greenschist facies and lowermost epidote‐amphibolite facies rocks preserve widespread evidence for an early blueschist facies metamorphism. In contrast, no evidence for an early blueschist facies metamorphism was found in similar grade rocks of the northern flank, indicating that the southern flank underwent initial deeper burial during southward underthrusting of the continental margin. Thus, while the dome shows a symmetric distribution of peak temperatures, the P–T paths followed by the two flanks must have varied. This variation suggests that final thermal re‐equilibration to greenschist and epidote–amphibolite facies conditions did not result from a simple process of southward underthrusting followed by thermal re‐equilibration from the bottom upward. The new data are inconsistent with a previous model that invokes such re‐equilibration, along with northward thrusting of epidote–amphibolite facies rocks over lower grade rocks presently on the southern flank of the culmination, to produce an inverted metamorphic field gradient. Instead, it is suggested that following blueschist facies metamorphism, rocks of the southern and northern flanks were juxtaposed, during which time the more deeply buried south flank was partially emplaced above rocks to the north, where they escaped Albian epidote–amphibolite facies overprinting. Porphyroblast growth, which post‐dates the main fabric on the north flank of the culmination may be the result of Albian thermal re‐equilibration following this deformation. Post‐metamorphic doming resulted from a combination of Albian‐Cenomanian extension and Tertiary deformation.     

新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘萨勒巴斯推覆体的变形和变质作用

萨勒巴斯推覆体中发育一套深层次变形构造组合和倒转递增变质带,其中糜棱岩、混合岩、混合花岗岩的成因关系对研究挤压造山背景下,地壳深层次变形作用和成岩作用具有特殊的意义。研究表明:在大型滑脱推覆系统中,存在糜棱岩—混合岩—混合花岗岩成岩系列;成岩过程为:韧性变形—剪切加热—部分熔融;控制成岩过程的主导因素为构造动力条件。这一成岩过程能导致稀土元素发生分异,出现重稀土元素有规律地亏损,变质作用pTt轨迹显示造山过程中逆冲推覆作用导致的地壳叠置加厚和剪切加热的典型热演化模式,变形、变质高峰期后,高角度逆冲作用导致变形岩石经历减压、降温的退变质作用,形成由南向北的倒转递增变质带。