大口径水井下管的简易方法

下管是大口径水井成井的一道重要工序.由于井管口径大,整个井管的重量往往大于钻机的提吊能力,因而下管困难,甚至造成事故. 我们在通辽施工的一口供水井,井径550mm,井深180～220m.使用QZ-200泵吸反循环钻机.钻机最大提升能力12t,下管φ377×12无缝钢管,全套管重近20t.采用浮力下管法,即在下管80m处装一木质锥形浮力塞将管密封,孔内冲洗液的浮力抵消部分管重,从而减轻了钻机升降机的负荷,顺利地将井管下到井底.井管下到井底后,将锥形浮力塞钻碎,碎木块即浮上井口.采用电焊连接井管的方法,下187m管只需一天时间.     

浅述砂卵石含水层的辐射井

砂卵石含水层的辐射井成井技术较复杂,施工条件高,难度大,而打成的辐射井比一般含水层的辐射井出水量多,调控浅层地下水时,地下水位降深大,稳定的快,单井效益高。1 砂卵石含水层的辐射井成井技术 砂卵石含水层的辐射井主要由竖井和集水管两部分组成。1.1 竖井的成井技术 竖井是辐射井的主体部分,采用反循环回转式钻井成孔,漂浮下管法成井。这种方法较沉井法投资少、速度快。竖井井壁是由不透水的钢筋混凝土构成,井座外径一般为2.8m,内径为2.5m,井筒的外径一般为1.86m,内径为1.60m。用反循环钻机成孔,然后将事先预制好的井座、井管一节接一节吊装到井孔中,漂浮下管,直到井座下到预定深度为止,并确保井筒直立。井筒接头采用“三油两毡”封闭接口,最后在井筒周围均匀回填好土。这种建造大口径竖井的方法,既简便,又稳妥。钻竖井时锥形钻头要有足够的重量,方能破碎土层。钻头刮刀的角度要合理,泥浆泵量与钻孔成比例,才能取得好的钻井效果。     

河北平原区地震监测井成井技术

井下地震监测可减少地面噪声干扰、提高地震监测精度。介绍了河北平原区地震监测井的设计以及成井、下管、固井等的关键工艺方法,在工程施工中采用合理的成井工艺、封底下管、管外固井等技术,满足了监测井的特殊要求。     

大直径工程井成井下管方法探讨

根据用途不同,大直径工程井成井后套管直径一般在450～1300 mm范围,井眼和套管尺寸大、套管质量大是该类工程的显著特点之一。简要介绍了大直径工程井常用下管方法、套管连接方式及大直径工程井套管强度设计原则。结合工程实例,阐明了只要科学地进行套管柱强度设计、采用合理的下管方法和套管柱连接方式,选用提升力100 t的钻机也能安全实现重约300 t套管的下管作业。     

Y5水文地质勘探深孔施工技术措施

Ｙ５水文地质勘探孔孔深１８０１．８m,施工技术措施为：井管安装采用分段下管两次固 井法;采用前导向后扶正组合钻具逐级扩孔法纠斜;采用无固相及低固相泥浆钻进;钻孔比原设计加深,超过钻机的设计能力,对钻机进行了一些改进;固井单向阀由２１９ｍｍ井管下端移至上端。     

4000 m交流变频电驱岩心钻机的研制及其 在地热井的工程应用

为满足深部找矿、科学钻探以及新能源勘探等对深孔取心钻探装备的需求,开展了4000 m地质岩心成套技术装备研究。4000 m地质岩心钻机回转系统采用顶驱系统,实现高转速下取心钻进;在井架底部设计有转盘回转系统,可进行大扭矩低转速钻进以应对不同的工况需求;钻机塔架和升降系统能进行长立根提下钻,可缩短提下钻作业时间;钻机的电传电控系统采用了目前国际先进的全数字交流变频技术及自动化、智能化控制技术、计算机控制技术、现场总线通讯和程序控制技术等,实现回转系统的无级调速和司钻的智能化控制。研制的4000 m交流变频电驱岩心钻机在天津东丽湖地热调查井（CGSD—01井）中应用,初步验证了其技术性能,具有操作简便、安全性与可靠性高、使用成本低等优点。本文介绍了4000 m交流变频电驱岩心钻机的项目来源、国内外研究现状、总体技术方案、主要结构及特点、主要技术参数、野外生产试验应用等情况。     

DF2水平分支井二开φ244.5 mm套管下入技术

针对大牛地气田DF2水平分支井二开φ244.5 mm技术套管下入的难点,在对下管摩阻力进行认真分析的基础上,制定了有针对性的下管技术方案,实践证明方案是可行的。详细介绍了井眼准备、套管准备、下入方案以及下套管技术措施等。     

木塞式单向浮力阀的设计与应用

通过对以往生产过程中浮力阀应用的总结，分析了木质浮力阀的工作原理，同时根据相关的公式和下管的需要，具体指出了浮力阀的设计制作与应用。     

河北省井下地震观测钻井施工技术

从钻井技术、成井管加工、下管注浆、扫孔提水等4个环节介绍了河北省地震观测井的施工技术,特别是管外注浆固井工艺,由于方法运用得当,很好地满足了设计要求。     

大口径瓦斯抽放井施工工艺

瓦斯抽放孔要求井斜小,孔径大,下入的井管重量大。以实例介绍了使用GZ-2000型钻机在某煤矿瓦斯抽放站成功施工深400m,直径φ690mm瓦斯抽放井的施工工艺。在施工过程中采用φ216mm牙轮钻头＋满眼钻具和钟摆钻具施工先导井眼,再采用φ410mm、φ690mm组合牙轮钻头＋塔式钻具分级扩眼,使用电子多点测斜仪及时监测井斜变化,用钟摆钻具组合进行纠斜,在φ426mm管体上设置三组镶焊合金的肋骨条做成圆井器来进行圆井,在管体底部设置浮力阀,合理掏空以减少井管重量,确保了工程质量。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period

Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20140751 Guo Xincheng(Geological Party,BGMRED of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China);Zheng Yuzhuang Determination and Geological Significance of the Mesoarchean Craton in Western Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang,China(Geological Review,ISSN0371-5736,CN11-1952/P,59(3),2013,p.401-412,8     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141058 Chen Ling(Key Laboratory of Mathematical Geology of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu610059,China);Guo Ke Study of Geochemical Ore-Forming Anomaly Identification Based on the Theory of Blind Source Separation(Geosci-     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20141624 Cai Xiongfei(Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Yang Jie A Restudy of the Upper Sinian Zhengmuguan and Tuerkeng Formations in the Helan Mountains(Journal of Stratigraphy,ISSN0253-4959CN32-1187/P,37(3),2013,p.377-386,5 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20142263Lü Shaojun(Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330030,China)Early-Middle Permian Biostratigraphical Characteristics in Qiangduo Area,Tibet(Resources SurveyEnvironment,ISSN1671-4814,CN32-1640/N,34(4),2013,p.221-227,2illus.,2tables,22refs.)Key words:biostratigraphy,Lower Permian,Middle Permian,Tibet     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20142560Hu Hongxia(Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China);Dai Lixia Application of GIS Map Projection Transformation in Geological Work(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.160-163,4illus.,2refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20140692 Duo Tianhui(No.402 Geological Team,Exploration of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Authority,Chengdu611730,China);Wang Yongli Computer Simulation of Neptunium Existing Forms in the Groundwater(Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,ISSN1001-1749,CN51-1242/P,35(3),