共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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受强冷空气和西太平洋副热带高压外围西南暖湿气流共同影响,2021年10月3-6日北洛河流域出现一场历史罕见的高水位、大灾情的洪水过程。本文从暴雨洪水特性及渭河干流洪水影响等方面对北洛河“2021.10”秋汛暴雨洪水与历史典型“94.8”暴雨洪水进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,与“94.8”暴雨洪水相比,“2021.10”暴雨洪水的暴雨过程历时长、强度小、覆盖面积大;洪水过程洪水总量大、传播时间长、下游洪水水位高,并针对高水位、大灾情的洪水提出了防御建议,为水灾害防御工作提供参考。 相似文献
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暴雨洪水相似性分析指标体系研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在实际的防洪决策中,如何将历史暴雨洪水的特性和信息有效地组织和表达,实现与实时预报系统的无缝连接,真正发挥历史暴雨洪水在实时防洪决策中的作用,是提高洪水预报精度和时效,并进行科学的洪水调度决策的前提。本文将实时暴雨洪水与历史暴雨洪水的雨洪信息指标化,运用非平权距离系数法进行相似性分析,最终推选出与实时暴雨洪水相类似的历史暴雨洪水。通过研究与实时暴雨洪水相类似的历史暴雨洪水的发生发展趋势,预测实时暴雨洪水的趋势,从而为实时的洪水调度提供决策支持。本文以1998年松花江流域暴雨洪水为例进行分析,其结果具有较高精度和一定可信度。 相似文献
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选取甘肃省境内11个典型小流域的水文站实测资料,在分析资料可靠性、一致性、代表性及暴雨洪水特性的基础上,综合利用水文学、数理统计学等理论和方法,建立了小流域最大暴雨量-暴雨历时关系模型、最大洪峰流量-流域特征关系模型。结果表明:各时段最大暴雨量较大值主要分布在泾河流域和嘉陵江流域东南部,较小值主要分布在渭河流域、洮河流域、嘉陵江流域的北峪河;绘制了各代表站最大暴雨量-暴雨历时关系曲线,嘉陵江流域以90min为转折点,其他流域均以180min为转折点,小于转折点时,暴雨量随暴雨历时增长而急剧增加,大于转折点后,变化趋于平缓稳定。重点选取危害较大、难以防范的330场次短历时暴雨洪水,建立各小流域暴雨洪水概化模型,短历时洪水发生时间很短,洪水起涨时间约2~5h,洪峰出现时间约5~7h。研究典型小流域水文要素变化规律,分析局地短历时暴雨洪水特性,并模拟其变化过程,对区域抗旱防汛减灾、水资源管理、小流域治理及生态环境保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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马莲河流域"2003·8"暴雨洪水调查分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
2003年8月25日,马莲河流域普降暴雨,暴雨中心发生了百年一遇特大洪水,流域出口控制站出现了1956年设站以来的第二大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害.通过暴雨洪水调查,分析了本次暴雨洪水特性,为研究该流域暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据. 相似文献
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为探究西江流域暴雨洪水发生规律,根据1994、1998、2005和2008年四场灾害性暴雨洪水实测资料,对暴雨洪水过程进行分析。通过计算暴雨时间、空间变差系数、相对中心和洪水集中度等特征指标定量分析暴雨洪水特性,结合洪水组合和遭遇情况分析洪水成因。分析结果表明:四场暴雨雨量分布不均,降雨历时均大于10d,且暴雨相对中心值呈减小趋势,暴雨中心沿河流流向移动易导致灾害性洪水。1998和2005年两场100年一遇洪水均为全流域大量级洪水遭遇导致。两场暴雨均有雨量大、时间变差系数V_t值小,时间分布均匀和雨峰系数C_p值大,主雨峰峰现时间迟的特点;暴雨中心均有向下游转移的趋势,空间变差系数V_p值均趋于增加,空间分布趋于集中。研究结果可为西江流域的水库群联合防洪调度提供科学依据。 相似文献
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2010年7月6日青海湟源地区普降暴雨,暴雨中心山根地区发生了200年一遇特大暴雨,湟源县董家庄水文站出现了200年一遇的特大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害。本文通过这次暴雨洪水调查情况,对"2010·07"暴雨洪水特性进行了分析,以便为研究该地区暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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由实测暴雨推求设计洪水方法的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于南方湿润地区洪水由暴雨形成的特点,可根据实测暴雨资料分析流域代表性产、汇流参数,将历年最大面暴雨系列转换为对应的洪水系列,并由该洪水系列作为样本来计算洪水统计参数。实例分析结果表明,与实测洪水计算结果相近,该方法不但克服了山区河流雨洪同频率的假定,而且还为研究暴雨形成洪水的产、汇流机制,创造了一定的条件。 相似文献
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浅析甘肃小流域分布特性及山洪灾害成灾特点 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
暴雨洪水是自然界的主要灾害之一,它是水文现象的极端事件。山洪给国民经济和人民的生命财产造成很大损失,它是甘肃经济社会发展的重要制约因素之一。随着经济发展,人口增加,山洪给国民经济和社会发展带来的损失将越来越大,因此,防洪减灾任务仍十分艰巨。本文对甘肃省小流域分布特性及山洪成灾特点进行了分析,并提出了山洪灾害防治的建议。 相似文献
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利用海河流域实测和调查年最大点暴雨、实测大面积暴雨和气象等资料,分析了年极端点暴雨的季节变化、特征和地区分布、大面积暴雨特征以及形成极端暴雨的天气成因,揭示了极端暴雨发生的基本规律。结果表明,流域暴雨9成以上集中在7~8月,极端暴雨7成高度集中在7月下旬到8月上旬;极端暴雨集中分布在太行山~燕山山脉的迎风山区;短历时小面积极端暴雨则分布在高原区;极端暴雨的年际变率迎风山区最大,平原和高原区较小;流域性极端暴雨高空环流多为经向型,通过中纬度西风槽、副热带高压或台风等天气系统以及迎风山区地形抬升作用共同造成。 相似文献
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为了提高传统径流汇流模拟的时效性,提出了一种基于通用计算的径流汇流模型。模型采用纳维-斯托克斯作为基础方程。首先,文章探讨了利用通用计算进行径流汇流模拟的实现方法并设计了模拟计算流程。然后,以涪江流域中段为研究区域,将流域内25个常规站和区域站的实况降水数据为数据源,分别利用本文径流汇流模型和FloodArea模型对流域进行径流模拟,并将两种模型模拟结果与水文站实测数据进行对比分析。结果发现,基于通用计算的径流汇流模型不仅在模拟效率上相对于FloodArea模型有很大程度的提高,而且模拟结果具有更小的水位变化误差,与水文站实测水文数据具有更好拟合效果。模拟时效性和结果准确性的同时提升表明本文的径流汇流模型对暴雨洪涝预警预报具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Large-scale natural disaster risk scenario analysis: a case study of Wenzhou City, China 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yaolong Liu Zhenlou Chen Jun Wang Beibei Hu Mingwu Ye Shiyuan Xu 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(3):1287-1298
Based on the analysis and calculation of the hazard intensity of typhoon rainstorms and floods as well as the vulnerability
of flood receptors and the possibility of great losses, risk scenarios are proposed and presented in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang
Province, China, using the Pearson-III model and ArcGIS spatial analyst tools. Results indicate that the elements of risk
scenarios include time–space scenarios, disaster scenarios, and man-made scenarios. Ten-year and 100-year typhoon rainstorms
and flood hazard areas are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of Wenzhou City. The average rainfall across a 100-year
frequency is 450 mm. The extreme water depth of a 100-year flood is 600 mm. High-vulnerability areas are located in Yueqing,
Pingyang, Cangnan, and Wencheng counties. The average loss rate of a 100-year flood is more than 50%. The greatest possible
loss of floods shows an obvious concentration-diffusion situation. There is an area of about 20–25% flood loss of 6–24 million
Yuan RMB/km2 in the Lucheng, Longwan and Ouhai districts. The average loss of a 100-year flood is 12 million Yuan RMB/km2, and extreme loss reaches 49.33 million Yuan RMB/km2. The classification of risk scenario may be used for the choice of risk response priorities. For the next 50 years, the 10-year
typhoon rainstorm-flood disaster is the biggest risk scenario faced by most regions of Wenzhou City. For the Yueqing, Ruian,
and Ouhai districts, it is best to cope with a 100-year disaster risk scenario and the accompanying losses. 相似文献
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María Yanina Esper Angillieri 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(1):107-111
This work analyzes various morphometric characteristics of the Colangüil river basin in order to evaluate flash flood hazards.
Such high-water events pose a risk to the similarly named small village located at the basin’s foot area. For this purpose,
the basin is divided into seven sub-basins and some basic measurements (surface, perimeter, basin length, river beds, elevations
and slope of the main river bed, and of a number of minor river beds) are calculated. These measurements permit to predict
approximately the behavior of the basin in the presence of a series of theoretical rainstorms that may generate unusual runoff
volumes that make up such flash floods. 相似文献
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This study reveals the changes and evolution of rainstorm-driven intermediate floods occurring and driving multiple damaging hydrological events in the Rhone River Basin (RRB), since 1500 until 2010. A parsimonious approach was developed to simulate the major hydroclimatological flood-producing forcing, the Multiscale Rainstorm Climate Model (STORMCLIMM). We collected the frequency of intermediate floods—a type of particularly hazardous floods commonly taking place between June and beginning of November—from the RCB to be compared to STORMCLIMM estimates. The latter, smoothed by a moving window of 21 years, results in a high-pass filter in the time domain, which magnifies the signal of forcing variations causing intermediate floods. The RRB showed large temporal variations in both extreme rainstorms and associated multidecadal intermediate-floods (MUDIF) frequency at different climatic periods and land-use systems through historical times. An important peak was observed in the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715 AD). The model allowed detecting MUDIF occurred in the historical times. The situation becomes interesting with respect to recent times, because the Rhone landscape looks more vulnerable in the last decades as a consequence of land-use changes and climate shift towards more erratic and intensive storms. This evidence suggests that the interactions of land-use and climatic changes may turn into considerable vulnerability to fluvial flooding and agro-ecosystem connected to them for upcoming years. The Rhone, for example, provides basis for use of hydrological indicators (such as the one represented by STORMCLIMM) for one site or region and which, through minor modifications, can be made relevant to specific needs. 相似文献
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Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Alpine glacier retreat resulting from global warming since the close of the Little Ice Age in the 19th and 20th centuries has increased the risk and incidence of some geologic and hydrologic hazards in mountainous alpine regions of North America. Abundant loose debris in recently deglaciated areas at the toe of alpine glaciers provides a ready source of sediment during rainstorms or outburst floods. This sediment can cause debris flows and sedimentation problems in downstream areas. Moraines built during the Little Ice Age can trap and store large volumes of water. These natural dams have no controlled outlets and can fail without warning. Many glacier-dammed lakes have grown in size, while ice dams have shrunk, resulting in greater risks of ice-dam failure. The retreat and thinning of glacier ice has left oversteepened, unstable valley walls and has led to increased incidence of rock and debris avalanches. 相似文献