南海北部新生代盆地断裂系统及构造动力学影响因素

利用地震资料、油气勘探资料分析了南海北部大陆边缘珠江口-琼东南新生代盆地断裂系统的时空差异及动力学成因机制.珠江口-琼东南盆地古近系裂陷构造层以NE向、近EW向基底正断层构成的伸展断裂系统的几何学、运动学沿着盆地走向有明显变化,盆地内部隐伏的区域性和局部的NW向断裂及相关构造变形带构成伸展断裂系统之间的构造变换带.在空间上,区域性的云开、松涛-松南等NW向构造变换带以西为NE-NEE向正断层构成的"非拆离"伸展断层系,以东为NE向正断层、近EW向正断层(走滑正断层)复合而成的拆离伸展断层系.在时间上,古近纪裂陷作用可划分为早(文昌组沉积期)、中(恩平组/崖城组沉积期)、晚(珠海组/陵水组沉积期)3个有明显差异的裂陷期.裂陷早期,盆地西部以平面式正断层控制的简单地堑、半地堑为主,伸展量相对较小,东部则以铲式正断层控制的复式地堑、半地堑为主,伸展量相对大,断层向深部收敛在中地壳韧性层构成拆离的伸展断层系统.裂陷中期,琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地西部断裂具有继承性活动特点,珠江口盆地东部发育NWW-EW向伸展断层,并向深层切割早期浅层拆离断层,形成深层拆离伸展断层系统,而沿着云开构造变换带发育反转构造.裂陷晚期,琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地西部断裂具有活动性减弱特点,琼东南盆地东部发育NWW-EW向伸展断层,形成深层拆离伸展断层系统,而沿着琼中央构造变换带发育反转、走滑构造.珠江口-琼东南盆地不同区段断裂系统及其构造演化的差异性受盆地基底先存构造、地壳及岩石圈结构及伸展量等多方面因素的影响,拆离伸展断层系统与发育NWW向"贯穿"断裂的基底构造薄弱带、现今地壳局部减薄带相关,南海扩展由东而西的迁移诱导北部大陆边缘块体沿着先存NW向深大断裂发生走滑旋转是导致变换构造带两侧差异伸展的动力学原因,应力场及岩石圈热结构变化是引起拆离断层深度变化的重要因素.     

珠江口盆地西部陆缘伸展-减薄机制

为揭示珠江口盆地西部陆缘伸展-减薄过程，进行盆地断裂构造样式识别、断层活动速率和一维空盆构造沉降定量计算和综合分析.珠江口盆地西部以铲式断层和拆离断层为主并继承性发育.张裂一幕断层活动和构造沉降集中于开平凹陷，最大速率分别达到239 m/myr和108.6 m/myr.张裂二幕断层活动和构造沉降向洋盆迁移，最大速率分别达到192 m/myr和210.7 m/myr.张裂一幕岩石圈减薄集中在开平凹陷，以地壳脆性薄化为主.张裂二幕减薄中心向洋盆迁移，岩石圈地幔可能发生了局部薄化和软流圈上涌，导致陆架和上陆坡区凹陷内部构造沉降减弱；洋陆过渡带处上地壳快速减薄，且薄化速度比下地壳快.对比西北次海盆南侧上地壳较厚及下地壳较薄或缺失的情况，推测西北次海盆在破裂前发生了不对称的单剪薄化.      

裂陷盆地断层的形成和演化——目标砂箱模拟实验与认识

摘要 断层的分布、活动和演化是裂陷盆地构造研究的核心,也是其油气勘探的关键。大量高精度的三维地震资料表明裂陷盆地内断层分布组合十分复杂,无法用经典构造地质学理论——Anderson模式作出合理的解释, 现有的模式（叠加模式和斜向伸展模式等）也还没有很好地揭示裂陷盆地断层复杂性的实质和断层形成和演化的内在规律。本文以渤海湾盆地张巨河构造带和北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷两个有高精度三维地震资料覆盖、断层分布与组合十分复杂并富含油气的典型裂陷盆地区为原形,进行了目标砂箱模拟实验,再现了目标区构造的基本特征。砂箱实验所揭示裂陷盆地断裂系统的基本特征是：1）基底先存构造（主要所控制的断层构成了盆地断裂系统的基本格架;2）断层的形成与演化决定于基底先存断裂的取向、区域伸展方向及伸展量。首先形成的是有刚性边界基底先存断裂控制的断层。其次,形成的是薄弱带基底先存断裂控制的断层。继而,形成的是小型基底先存断裂控制的断层。最后,在远离基底先存构造的区域,形成与伸展方向垂直的新生断层。3）伸展作用早期,断层的方位主要决定于基底先存断裂的方位。随着伸展量的增大,受伸展方向的影响越来越大,晚期形成的断层常反映区域伸展作用方向。4）不协调递进伸展变形过程是导致裂陷盆地复杂断层体系的根本原因。上述砂箱模拟实验揭示的裂陷盆地在不协调性伸展作用下断层的形成与演化规律可以利用“不协调性准则”从理论上给予解释,表明在裂陷盆地中具有普遍意义。     

渤海湾盆地中北部沉降史分析及裂后期异常沉降分离

为了探究渤海湾盆地新生代沉降过程与西太平洋板块俯冲过程的对应关系,作者收集整理27口钻孔和1条地震地质 剖面数据,并运用回剥技术和应变速率反演方法,模拟出渤海湾盆地中北部裂陷期地壳应变速率变化,分离出裂后期异常 沉降。模拟获得裂陷期地壳应变速率曲线具有明显的三次大的波动,可指示三次构造沉降事件：裂陷Ⅰ幕（60~42 Ma）,对 应于渤海湾盆地孔店组-沙四段沉积过程,平均构造沉降速率为4.6 m/Ma;裂陷Ⅱ幕（42~36 Ma）,对应沙三段-沙二段沉 积过程,平均构造沉降速率为5.5~30.5 m/Ma;裂陷Ⅲ幕（36~24.6 Ma）,对应于沙一段-东营组沉积过程,平均构造沉降速 率为14.7~54.7 m/Ma。研究区内裂后期观测构造沉降与模拟的理论值存在明显的差异,即存在异常沉降。盆地北部异常沉 降值在100~200 m,中部渤海海域异常沉降值在500~700 m,裂后期异常沉降向海域增大。作者推测渤海湾盆地裂后异常沉 降主要是太平洋板块俯冲诱发的深部地幔物质流动导致向下拖拽力引起的。因此,渤海湾盆地中异常沉降可能是一种动力 沉降。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷构造变形对沉降中心迁移的控制

海拉尔盆地是叠置于内蒙-大兴安岭古生代碰撞造山带之上的中、新生代盆地,乌尔逊凹陷是海拉尔盆地中部的1个二级构造单元,自早白垩世开始,经历了3次伸展作用、2次挤压作用,盆地中地层厚度和沉降中心的迁移主要受同生断层和与之伴生的断层相关褶皱所控制。在伸展作用时期：当发育1个犁式正断层,在其上盘形成1个箕状断陷,沉降中心位于断层上盘、靠近断层的区域,在伸展量较大的部位形成1个或多个沉降中心;当发育多个控陷正断层,在其上盘形成多个相互独立的箕状断陷,但每一个断陷都有各自的沉降中心,不同方向断层的交汇部位往往就是断陷的沉降中心。随着伸展量的增大,断陷的沉降中心不断向控陷正断层滑动的相反方向迁移,盆地的规模也随之增大。在第一次挤压作用中,早期NS向控陷断层F₁发生反转作用,其上盘靠近断层的部位发生隆升,远离断层的部位作为大型断层传播褶皱背斜前翼也发生旋转式隆升,乌尔逊凹陷成为NS向大型断层传播褶皱背斜的前翼向斜,地层的沉积厚度在靠近断层的部位和远离断层的部位都很薄;向大型断层传播褶皱背斜前翼向斜部位,地层的沉积厚度逐渐增大,盆地的沉降中心向向斜的低洼区域迁移。在第二次挤压作用中,早期NS向控陷断层F₂发生反转作用,在乌尔逊凹陷中部形成1个规模较大的NS向断层传播褶皱背斜或突发构造,背斜或突发构造的顶部被剥蚀,盆地的沉降中心位于中部背斜带前、后翼向斜的低洼区域。     

基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用规律

针对基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层控制作用研究中存在的问题,应用脆性断裂新理论--“不协调性准则”来阐述、分析裂陷盆地基底先存构造控制断层形成和演化的力学机理,确定基底先存构造活动性的变化规律,探讨并初步确定基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用具有如下规律: (1)先存构造(特别是先存断裂)优先活动,这是基底先存构造能控制沉积盆地断层形成和演化的根本原因。(2)先存构造对盆地断层控制作用的强度决定于其活动性,它由先存构造的产状、力学性质和应力状态决定,可以用先存构造活动性系数(fAS)来定量描述。(3)受基底先存断裂控制的断层发育的位置和延伸方向(走向)、形成次序、继承性特征,以及分布规模等都表现出显著的规律性。(4)与伸展方向垂直,且与σ1夹角为45°-(/2)的基底先存断裂对断层的控制作用最强;随着走向与伸展方向的夹角α逐渐变小,以及倾角偏离45°+(/2),对断层的控制作用就逐渐减小。(5)基底先存断裂的规模越大,对断层的控制作用就越强;受大规模基底先存断裂控制的断层往往构成裂陷盆地的构造格架。(6)随着薄弱带抗剪强度的减小,基底先存薄弱带发生破裂的可能性不断增大,对断层的控制作用不断增强;而相对基底先存断裂而言,其影响程度则相对偏弱。上述认识可以为裂陷盆地地震资料的构造解释提供理论模型,为裂陷盆地断裂系统的形成和演化的深入研究提供理论指导。     

中国东-南部裂陷盆地断裂系统复杂性的表现形式及成因机制——以南堡凹陷和涠西南凹陷为例

中国东-南部裂陷系列盆地油气资源十分丰富,而断层的分布演化十分复杂,是油气进一步勘探开发需要解决的关键问题。本文应用广义断层模式,在大量三维地震资料构造解析的基础上,以渤海湾盆地的南堡凹陷和北部湾盆地的涠西南凹陷为例,对中国东-南部盆地复杂的断裂系统进行了解剖和归纳,并提出了伸展变形区预测断层性质的伸展应变椭圆。结果表明,中国东-南部裂陷盆地断裂系统的复杂性存在9种表现方式,从成因上进一步归纳为3个方面:(1)断层的走向和性质多样;(2)断层在平、剖面上存在复杂多变的组合形式;(3)断层形成和演化存在复杂的时-空关系。造成复杂性的根本原因是先存断裂分布的复杂性和不同方向(北西-南东向和近南北向)伸展变形的叠加。不同盆地、同一盆地不同区域应力场演化具有很大的相似性:40Ma以前,北西-南东向伸展;38Ma以来,近南北向伸展。断层分布和演化差异主要是由先存构造分布差异造成的。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中北区新生代幕式沉降过程

黄骅坳陷中北区是位于渤海湾盆地中部的一个重要新生代构造单元.构造层序界面分析、同生断裂活动和盆地沉降史回剥分析表明该区经历了幕式沉降过程,沉降中心显示出规律性的迁移演化特征.馆陶组底界面为区域性裂后不整合界面,将研究区的演化划分为裂陷期和裂后期.在裂陷期的充填序列中,沙一段底界面为整个研究区都可以识别的显著的角度不整合界面,以此界面为界,盆地的裂陷期进一步划分为裂陷Ⅰ幕和裂陷Ⅱ幕.裂陷Ⅰ幕发育了Es₃-Es₂地层,断裂几何学和断裂的性质表明该幕构造活动为北西南东向伸展作用所致,而裂陷Ⅱ幕发育了Es₁-Ed地层,为近南北向拉伸作用的结果.裂后期,从早到晚则表现为由稳定热沉降到加速沉降的过程.分析认为上述盆地的幕式沉降过程与区域应力场的转变密切相关,受控于周缘板块的动力学事件,尤其是晚始新世之后,太平洋板块对欧亚大陆向西的加速俯冲,促使了郯庐断裂右旋活动向南延伸和穿过黄骅坳陷的兰聊断裂北段的活化,形成了位于渤海海域的南北向伸展叠加区,从根本上改变了黄骅坳陷中北区应力场的分布,由此导致了盆地同裂陷阶段的幕式演化.      

裂陷盆地与强拆离盆地：陆内伸展盆地的两个端元

大陆伸展构造体系具有两种端元特征，即裂谷环境和强烈的伸展地体。这些不同的构造样式形成并被记录在不同的伸展盆地中，陆内的裂陷作用通常出现在具有正常地壳厚度和热均衡的地区。裂陷沉降普遍伴随阗碱性－拉斑玄武岩岩浆活动具有大倾角的边界断层，小于１ｍｍ／ａ的滑移速率，以及小幅度伸展特征。     

二连盆地中生代构造变形主控因素:物理模拟与讨论

二连盆地是中国东北部中生代含油气盆地,与中国东部中生代裂陷盆地之间存在显著的几何学与运动学相似性,根据盆内构造线走向和典型地震剖面构造样式可划分为中央正向裂陷带和周缘斜向裂陷带。尽管前人对盆地中生代构造变形开展了大量研究,但有关同期构造控制因素的认识尚不清晰。为此,研究以二连盆地为原型,设计了3组分别改变伸展速率、伸展方向及同沉积作用的平面沙箱模型。实验结果表明伸展方向控制裂陷内部断层特征;南东向的伸展速率改变深层构造薄弱带的扩展和断裂发育规模;同沉积作用促进基底滑脱层的活动强度,且进一步抑制边界断裂的生长。模拟结果还揭示了伸展方向是该盆地构造变形的主要控制因素;同沉积作用和伸展速率为次要控制因素。同时根据中国东部及邻区典型中生代裂陷盆地的几何学与运动学相似性,认为"南东向伸展"可以提供较好的运动学解释。     

Tectonic Model of Boundary Fault Migration and its Genetic Mechanism in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay BasinEI北大核心CSCD

Due to the important control on basin formation and hydrocarbon accumulation, boundary faults have always been the focus of attention in the study of rift basins. However, researches on boundary fault migration in the rift basins have not been reported yet. On the basis of structural analysis of 3D seismic data in the Nanpu Sag, faulting model of pre-existing weaknesses regional tectonic stress field results, and the latest exploration achievements in the Jidong Oilfield, the northern boundary faults in the Nanpu Sag were systematically analyzed. A new model of boundary fault (Boundary faults migration model) is proposed. The results show that: (1) in the rifting stage, with the evolution of tectonic stress field, the northern boundary faults are continuously migrating; (2) the No.5 fault is the northern boundary fault in E2s3 era in the west side of the sag, and the Gaoliu fault is the northern boundary fault in E3d1-2 era in the middle of the sag; (3) the change of stress field (the extension direction) in the rifting stage is the primary cause for the boundary fault migration in the rift basin. Considering that the change of extension direction during 40-38 Ma involves almost all the Cenozoic rift basins in the eastern and southern China, the model of boundary fault migration is expected to have useful implication for fine structural interpretation and oil and gas exploration of the rifted basins in the east and south of China. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

南海万安盆地构造—层序发育特征与构造—沉积充填演化

万安盆地是南海西南部重要的沉积盆地之一,深入分析其构造—沉积充填特征对于认识南海南部主要构造事件及其沉积响应具有重要的科学意义.利用覆盖全盆地的二维地震资料,结合国内外的研究成果,对万安盆地构造—层序特征及其构造—沉积充填演化进行分析.研究表明,万安盆地内新生代以来可识别出8个主要的二级/三级层序界面.沉降模拟显示,盆地沉降整体表现出一个“快—慢—快”的过程,且整体呈现出东高西低,中高南低的特征.综合构造层序特征和沉降模拟结果,万安盆地新生代以来沉积演化可分为5个阶段:初始裂陷期、晚期裂陷期、断坳转换期、裂后热沉降期和裂后加速热沉降期.盆地自形成以来,沉降主要受东亚大陆边缘区域拉张所造成的深部断裂的影响,至上新世,万安断裂转而成为盆地沉降的主要影响因素,并由此造成了早期盆地沉降中心由中部向西迁移,然后再逐步向东迁移的特征.渐新世至早中新世为盆地裂陷阶段,以陆源碎屑岩沉积为主,断陷早期可能为湖相,晚期为浅海相;中中新世为盆地断坳转换阶段,晚中新世以来为盆地裂后热沉降阶段,二者均发育陆源碎屑岩和自生碳酸盐岩两种沉积类型,且裂后热沉降期碳酸盐岩沉积范围相对缩小,陆缘碎屑岩沉积范围相对扩大.      

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷新生代盆地结构与成因演化

运用丰富的三维地震资料,在断裂体系的静态描述基础上,通过断层活动速率计算和平衡剖面分析,并结合残留地 层展布特征,恢复了新生代盆地垂向演化与叠合过程,探讨盆地发育与转型的动力学机制。珠一坳陷新生代经历了裂陷早 期、裂陷晚期、裂后拗陷和构造活动期四大演化阶段。裂陷期（E2w-E2e）,印支地块旋转挤出和古南海俯冲,区域拉张应 力场由NW 向顺时针转变为近SN 向,导致了裂陷早期NE、NEE 向断裂控盆向裂陷晚期近EW 向、NWW 向断裂控盆转变, 岩石圈伸展作用由宽裂谷方式向窄裂谷方式转变,导致盆地格局由彼此孤立的半地堑或窄地堑系趋于相互扩展连通;裂后 拗陷期（E3z-N1z-N1h）,岩石圈伸展中心迁移至南海扩张中心,南海北部地区整体处于裂后热沉降阶段,构造活动微弱;构 造活化期（N1y-N2w-Q）,菲律宾海板块NWW 向仰冲-碰撞联合作用下产生NNE 向拉张,同时派生近EW 向和NW 向的共 轭剪切作用,导致了先存NWW 向和近EW 断裂的活化,以及隆起区NWW 向张性断裂和近EW 向、NW 向走滑断裂带的形 成。该研究所揭示的盆地发育演化过程不仅对该区油气勘探提供指导,也对被动大陆边缘演化的研究有着一定的借鉴意义。     

琼东南盆地构造沉降的时空分布及裂后期异常沉降机制

为考察琼东南盆地构造沉降的时空分布及裂后期异常沉降机制,利用回剥技术计算了盆内68口井的构造沉降史,并选择15口代表井进行拉张应变速率反演及拉张因子计算。结果表明:琼东南盆地构造沉降空间上表现为中央凹陷带和南部凹陷带强于北部凹陷带;时间上在裂陷期出现局部快速沉降-整体慢速沉降—局部快速沉降的阶段特征,进入裂后期逐渐减缓并在15.5～10.5Ma期间减至最低值,但自10.5～5.5Ma以来又明显增大。裂后期异常沉降在盆地东西部都有明显表现,在北部凹陷带较小,在中央凹陷带内往东区有逐渐增大趋势;时间上裂后异常构造沉降随时间增大,增长过程具有快-慢-快的阶段性。分析认为:裂后阶段早期的快速沉降可能是裂陷期非均匀拉张的结果,而晚中新世以后的快速构造沉降主要与岩浆活动有关。     

Redefined crustal structure of the Buchan Rift,northeast Victoria: evidence from potential field modelling of newly acquired land-based gravity data

The Buchan Rift, in northeastern Victoria, is a north–south-trending basin, which formed in response to east–west crustal extension in the Early Devonian. The rift is filled mostly with Lower Devonian volcanic and volcaniclastic rock of the Snowy River Volcanics. Although the structure and geometry of the Buchan Rift and its major bounding faults are well mapped at the surface, a discrepancy exists between the surface distribution of the thickest rift fill and its expected potential field response. To investigate this variation, two new detailed land-based gravity surveys, which span the rift and surrounding basement rocks in an east–west orientation, have been acquired and integrated with pre-existing government data. Qualitative interpretation of the observed magnetic data suggests the highly magnetic rocks of the Snowy River Volcanics have a wider extent at depth than can be mapped at the surface. Forward modelling of both land-based gravity data and aeromagnetic data supports this interpretation. With the Snowy River Volcanics largely confined within the Buchan Rift, resolved geometries also allow for the interpretation of rift boundaries that are wider at depth. These geometries are unusual. Unlike typical basin inversions that involve reactivation of rift-dipping faults, the bounding faults of the Buchan Rift dip away from the rift axis and thus appear unrelated to the preceding rifting episode. Limited inversion of previous extensional rift faults to deform the rift-fill sequences (e.g. Buchan Synclinorium) appears to have been followed by the initiation of new reverse faults in outboard positions, possibly because the relatively strong igneous rift fill began to act as a rigid basement ramp during continued E–W crustal shortening in the Middle Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny. Overthrusting of the rift margins by older sediments and granite intrusions of the adjacent Tabberabbera and Kuark zones narrowed the exposed rift width at surface. This scenario may help explain the steep-sided geometries and geophysical expressions of other rift basins in the Tasmanides and elsewhere, particularly where relatively mechanically strong basin fill is known or suspected.     

珠江口盆地构造演化旋回及其新生代沉积环境变迁

目前对珠江口盆地中生代以来的演化过程及其与沉积环境演变的响应关系尚缺乏系统性认识.基于珠江口盆地中-新生代岩浆活动、断陷结构样式及其改造、典型构造变形样式、沉积中心的转换等特征的对比分析,将盆地中-新生代的构造演化划分为4个阶段、7个期次:（1）中侏罗世-晚白垩世早期（~170~90 Ma）为古太平洋板块俯冲主控的陆缘岩浆弧-弧前盆地演化阶段;（2）晚白垩世-始新世中期（~90~43 Ma）为太平洋板块俯冲后撤背景下弧后周缘前陆/造山后塌陷-主动裂谷演化阶段;（3）始新世中期-中中新世（~43~10 Ma）为华南挤出-古南海俯冲拖曳主导的被动陆缘演化阶段;（4）晚中新世以来（~10~0 Ma）为菲律宾板块NWW向仰冲主导的挤压张扭演化阶段.~90 Ma、~43 Ma、~10 Ma分别实现了由安第斯型俯冲向西太平洋型俯冲、由主动裂谷向被动陆缘伸展、由被动陆缘伸展向挤压张扭的转换.在此过程中,伴随着古南海和南海的发育-消亡,新生代裂陷期沉积环境由东向西、由南向北逐渐海侵,裂后期由南向北阶段性差异沉降,由陆架浅水向陆坡深水转换,这使得珠一/三、珠二、珠四坳陷的石油地质条件具有显著的分带差异性.      

The tectonic evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the northern margin of the South China Sea

Qiongdongnan Basin is a Cenozoic rift basin located on the northern passive continental margin of the South China Sea. Due to a lack of geologic observations, its evolution was not clear in the past. However, recently acquired 2-D seismic reflection data provide an opportunity to investigate its tectonic evolution. It shows that the Qiongdongnan Basin comprises a main rift zone which is 50–100 km wide and more than 400 km long. The main rift zone is arcuate in map view and its orientation changes from ENE–WSW in the west to nearly E–W in the east. It can be divided into three major segments. The generally linear fault trace shown by many border faults in map view implies that the eastern and middle segments were controlled by faults reactivated from NE to ENE trending and nearly E–W trending pre-existing fabrics, respectively. The western segment was controlled by a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The fault patterns shown by the central and eastern segments indicate that the extension direction for the opening of the rift basin was dominantly NW–SE. A semi-quantitative analysis of the fault cut-offs identifies three stages of rifting evolution: (1) 40.4–33.9 Ma, sparsely distributed NE-trending faults formed mainly in the western and the central part of the study area; (2) 33.9–28.4 Ma, the main rift zone formed and the area influenced by faulting was extended into the eastern part of the study area and (3) 28.4–20.4 Ma, the subsidence area was further enlarged but mainly extended into the flanking area of the main rift zone. In addition, Estimates of extensional strain along NW–SE-trending seismic profiles, which cross the main rift zone, vary between 15 and 39 km, which are generally comparable to the sinistral displacement on the Red River Fault Zone offshore, implying that this fault zone, in terms of sinistral motion, terminated at a location near the southern end of the Yinggehai Basin. Finally, these observations let us to favour a hybrid model for the opening of the South China Sea and probably the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

中国东部及邻区早白垩世裂陷盆地构造演化阶段

早白垩世是中国东部及邻区强烈的伸展裂陷和岩石圈减薄时期。根据裂陷盆地几何形态特征和展布型式 ,将早白垩世裂陷盆地分为泛裂陷型 (燕山—松辽断陷盆地群、蒙古断陷盆地群等 )、狭窄型 (沂沭裂谷系、伊兰—伊通裂谷带 )和菱形状型 (胶莱盆地、三江盆地、鸡西盆地等 ) 3种类型。通过综合分析和对比不同类型裂陷盆地沉积序列和构造演化历史 ,结合郯庐断裂带和秦岭—大别造山带白垩纪构造演化历史的研究成果 ,区分了中国东部早白垩世 2个显著不同的引张裂陷阶段和一个构造挤压反转阶段。早白垩世早期引张裂陷阶段 ( 1 4 0～ 1 2 0Ma)形成了宽广展布的燕山—松辽断陷盆地系和蒙古断陷盆地系 ,沿郯庐断裂带发生右旋走滑活动 ,控制了断裂带西侧南华北伸展走滑盆地和东侧胶莱、三江等和沿敦—密断裂带走滑拉分盆地的发育 ;早白垩世中期引张裂陷阶段 ( 1 2 0～ 1 0 0Ma) ,沿郯庐断裂带中、北段发生裂谷作用 ,形成沂沭裂谷系和伊兰—伊通裂谷带 ;早白垩世晚期 ( 1 0 0～ 90Ma)在区域NW SE向挤压应力场作用下 ,所有早白垩世裂陷盆地发生不同程度的构造反转 ,沿郯庐断裂发生强烈的左旋走滑运动。最后指出 ,太平洋古板块向东亚大陆边缘俯冲诱发的大陆岩石圈底侵作用、拆沉作用、地幔底辟和对流 ,以及来自西部块体     

Interaction of an antecedent fluvial system with early normal fault growth: Implications for syn‐rift stratigraphy,western Corinth rift (Greece)

Continental ‘overfilled’ conditions during rift initiation are conventionally explained as due to low creation of accommodation compared with sediment supply. Alternatively, sediment supply can be relatively high from the onset of rifting due to an antecedent drainage system. The alluvial Lower Group of the western Plio–Pleistocene Corinth rift is used to investigate the interaction of fluvial sedimentation with early rifting. This rift was obliquely superimposed on the Hellenide mountain belt from which it inherited a significant palaeorelief. Detailed sedimentary logging and mapping of the well‐exposed syn‐rift succession document the facies distributions, palaeocurrents and stratigraphic architecture. Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy are used to date and correlate the alluvial succession across and between fault blocks. From 3·2 to 1·8 Ma, a transverse low sinuosity braided river system flowed north/north‐east to east across east–west‐striking active fault blocks (4 to 7 km in width). Deposits evolved downstream from coarse alluvial conglomerates to fine‐grained lacustrine deposits over 15 to 30 km. The length scale of facies belts is much greater than, and thus not directly controlled by, the width of the fault blocks. At its termination, the distributive river system built small, stacked deltas into a shallow lake margin. The presence of a major antecedent drainage system is supported by: (i) a single major sediment entry point; (ii) persistence of a main channel belt axis; (iii) downstream fining at the scale of the rift basin. The zones of maximum subsidence on individual faults are aligned with the persistent fluvial axis, suggesting that sediment supply influenced normal fault growth. Instead of low accommodation rate during the early rift phase, this study proposes that facies progradation can be controlled by continuous and high sediment supply from antecedent rivers.