柱撑粘土矿物的研究新进展——新矿物材料研究综述之一

柱撑粘土矿物作为一种大层间距的多酸型层柱微孔材料,是一种性能优异的催化剂和吸附剂,本文在较全面分析前人资料的基础上,结合笔者所做的工作,对柱撑粘土矿物的制备性能表征及其应用最新研究进展进行综述与展望。     

柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特征

以铝基柱撑粘土矿物和钛基柱撑粘土矿物为例，讨论了柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特点，Al多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为1：12Keggin型离子，Ti多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为2：19Dawson型离子，两类笼状阳离子的直径均在1nm左右，前者的高度约为0．9nm，后者的高度约为1．4nm，经与粘土矿物层间阳离子交换后，择位固定在粘土矿物层间，由于多核笼状阳离子与粘土矿物硅氧四面体之间形成了较强的化学键，其具有不可交换性，铝基柱撑粘土和钛基柱撑粘土的层间孔道分别为1．2nm*1.2nm*1.2nm，和0.52nm*0.52nm*1.60nm。柱粘土矿物材料有很好的化学稳定性和耐热性，且又有一定的层间化学活性，可用于催化剂载体，由于它又具有选择性吸附能力，有望制造成新一代环保材料。     

粘土矿物的层间域调控及其应用研究

粘土矿物的层间域调控及其应用研究戴劲草黄继泰肖子敬叶玲（华侨大学材料物理化学研究所，福建泉州３６２０１１）关键词粘土矿物层间域粘土复合材料粘土矿物是一类颗粒十分细微的层状铝硅酸盐，具有较大的残缺表面，层间结合力较弱，且存在着层内结构不饱和填充与扭曲等...     

蛭石矿物柱撑改性及其吸附污染物研究进展

蛭石矿物是我国的优势非金属矿种。本文从蛭石矿物的柱撑改性和对环境污染物的吸附性入手,系统综述了蛭石矿物的柱撑方法及改进方法;有机柱化剂在蛭石矿物层间域中的排布;蛭石矿物的柱撑机理以及蛭石矿物对重金属离子和毒害性有机污染物吸附特性。为拓展蛭石矿物的应用提供了较详尽的资料。     

柱撑粘土的晶体结构模型

根据X射线衍射、电子探针等实验数据综合分析和理论计算，讨论了柱撑基团[Al13O4(OH)24(OH2)12]^7 和[Ti20O32(OH)12(OH2)18]^4 在粘土矿物结构单元层层间的分布，铝基和钛基的笼状离子作用范围分别相当于粘土矿物的10个和6个晶胞。羧基铝柱撑蒙脱石层间孔道高度为0.9-1.2nm，直径为1.5nm；理论孔道率为84％，有效孔道率为56％。钛基柱撑蒙脱石的层间孔道高度为1.34-1.60nm，直径为1.0nm，理论也道率为75％，有效孔道率为50％。根据柱撑离子基团的两种类型，可把柱撑粘土分为Keggin型柱撑粘土和Dawson型柱撑粘土。     

应用撑柱粘土矿物治理赤潮灾害的初步研究

最初,人们利用蒙皂石层间阳离子的可交换性,将水合羟基-聚合金属离子插入到层间 ,并进一步加热脱羟.脱羟基后在层间域形成柱状金属氧化物群,从而将蒙皂石层间撑开,这就是所谓的撑柱蒙皂石.它在保持粘土层状结构的同时,在主客体物质协同作用下,还获得一些新的物化性质或功能.现在关于撑柱的概念已有所扩展,凡是向粘土层间插入有机阳离子或无机-有机阳离子的都称之为撑柱.     

环境污染物在蒙脱石层间域中的环境化学行为

天然蒙脱石层间阳离子通常是Ｃａ2 +,Ｎａ+,可以通过离子交换法制备各种阳离子交换蒙脱石。这些不同阳离子对蒙脱石层间域的环境化学行为有着不同的影响。金属阳离子与粘土矿物间的相互作用除了离子交换外 ,粘土的专性吸附作用有时也是非常重要的。目前 ,粘土矿物对重金属离子的专性吸附可概括为 4种机理 :(1)重金属离子与粘土矿物表面或断键基团质子的交换吸附 ;(2 )重金属离子进入粘土矿物硅氧四面体片的复三方空位或八面体片晶格缺陷中 ;(3)以金属络合物形式的专性吸附 ;(4)以金属氧化物或其它不溶性盐类沉淀形式。天然粘土矿物存在着大…     

粘土矿物层柱化研究的新进展

层柱粘土（ＰＩＬＣ）是一种因粘土矿物层间的可交换离子全部或部分被特定离子或离子团（“柱子”）替代并固定在其层间域的特殊材料。由“柱子”撑开的层具有二维通道,其层间距最大已达５．２ｎｍ,结焦后不易引起孔道堵塞,抗硫氮、重金属污染强。更为重要的是：有众多...     

分子动力学模拟研究蒙脱石吸附苯分子

粘土矿物是土壤、底泥沉积物和大气颗粒的重要矿物组成部分,粘土矿物对环境污染物的吸附作用是影响其迁移转化、生物可利用性等地球化学过程的重要因素,因此有必要探明粘土矿物对环境污染物的吸附特征。由于粘土矿物的吸附     

铝柱撑蒙脱石层间铝柱的表面硅烷功能化及其影响因素

<正>蒙脱石由于价廉易得、环境友好,并具有多种优异性能(如离子交换性、较大的比表面积、层间域可改造性等),已被广泛应用于水体和大气污染物的吸附去除。对蒙脱石进行柱撑(或插层)改性可以进一步优化其性能,无机柱撑主要     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with     

PALEOZOOLOGY

正20141609 Chen Guiying(College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China);Han Nairen New Materials of Stylophora from the Upper Cambrian of the Jingxi Area,Guangxi,South China(Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,ISSN0001-6616,CN32-1188Q,52(3),2013,p.288-293,2 illus.,12 refs.)Key words:Stylophora,Guangxi     

GEOPHYSICS

正20140634 Cao Lingmin(Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China);Xu Yi Finite Difference Tomography of the Crustal Velocity Structure in Tengchong,Yunnan Province(Chinese Journal of Geophysics,ISSN0001-5733,CN11-2074/P,56(4),2013,p.1159-1167,6illus.,35refs.,with English abstract)