保定西部山区缺水区构造裂隙水找水实例解析——以唐县史家佐村地下水勘查为例

保定西部山区地处太行山东麓北段,区内地下水与地表水分布不均,缺水区分布较广,区内地质条件复杂,找水难度极大。在近年保定西部山区缺水区找水工作中,以地质控水理论为指导,综合遥感解译、物探勘查、钻探验证等技术手段,成功实施了系列的地下水勘查示范案例,通过对典型实例的分析,指出各专业人员相互配合以及各种技术方法的相互验证,能有效的提高山区找水的工作效率与成井率。     

五极纵轴测深法在龙岩灰岩地区寻找岩溶水的应用

曲潭测区内地形较平坦,多为第四系覆盖,表层土质较均匀,接地条件较好,选择五极纵轴电测深法在区内寻找岩溶地下水,通过视电阻率及激电二次场的测量,对物探异常的解译和深部钻孔验证,成功找到日出水量达千吨以上的岩溶地下水,为今后在灰岩地区寻找岩溶地下水提供借鉴意义。采用物探方法寻找岩溶地下水是一种不可替代的勘查方法,可以减少单纯钻探成井的盲目性,提高找水的成功率。     

西南岩溶地区不同含水介质地球物理勘查技术

针对西南岩溶地区表层带岩溶水、管道型岩溶水(溶洞、暗河、管道等)、构造裂隙岩溶水等不同类型地下水赋存介质特点,通过适宜的地球物理方法使用条件以及找水特点的分析,提出不同含水介质中寻找地下水地球物理勘查要解决的地质问题、拟采用的综合物探方法,分别总结出了它们的电性参数(或曲线)的响应特征,形成了不同含水介质的地球物理勘查技术组合方案。最后通过实例验证其实用性,并对在西南岩溶地区地下水地球物理勘查工作中积累的技术经验进行了总结。      

物探与水文地质分析结合在岩溶地区找水定井中的应用——以黔江区罗家坝ZK3井为例

物探与水文地质的有机结合可明显提高岩溶区找水定井的命中率。岩溶区的地形地貌、地质构造以及地层岩性对地下水的富集有着决定性的控制作用,有良好岩性配置的低位向斜槽谷区是岩溶找水工作的首要优选靶区;根据测区地质情况和地形条件、目的任务合理选择物探方法,当工作区具有浅覆盖、地下水大埋深和地层电性差异明显等特点时,音频大地电磁法解译成果更为可靠。文章以黔江罗家坝ZK3井为实例,阐述了水文地质调查与物探工作成果在指导岩溶区找水定井中的具体应用,证实了水文地质调查与物探结合的方式在岩溶地区找水定井中的优越性。      

瞬变电磁法确定隐伏岩溶在贵州正安旦坪铝土矿勘探定孔中的应用

贵州正安旦坪铝土矿大精查项目位于黔北典型岩溶区,为在钻探施工中有效避开岩溶,减少损失,提高勘查效率,达到铝土矿勘探定孔目的,在基本掌握研究区地质背景与地球物理特征的基础上开展物探瞬变电磁法测量。本文简单介绍了物探瞬变电磁法(TEM)的工作原理及探测方法,着重通过在已知钻遇溶洞钻孔ZK14604开展方法性试验,选取合适观测参数,再结合地质、钻探资料对物探断面及平面切图视电阻率异常特征进行综合研究定孔,根据已知到未知的原则,逐步对矿区其他拟布钻孔展开测量。据钻探成果资料显示,研究区已施工物探定孔均有效避开隐伏岩溶,物探成果得到了有效验证。表明利用瞬变电磁法在岩溶区铝土矿勘查定孔中能取得较好效果,可为今后岩溶地区矿产勘查隐伏岩溶调查提供方法借鉴。     

水文地质调查与综合物探在赣南花岗岩地区找水中的应用

为解决赣南革命老区缺水村落的饮水安全问题,在中国地调局赣南饮水安全项目的支撑下,对赣南20个扶贫点开展了找水工作。本文以宁都县花岗岩地区的4个找水点为例,介绍水文地质调查与综合物探结合的找水方法与技术。首先通过调查各测区水文地质条件,明确找水方向并布置物探测线,然后合理选择综合物探方法和工作参数,确定数据处理与资料解释方法,最后通过物探成果分析与钻探验证,归纳总结了水文地质调查与综合物探方法相结合在花岗岩地区找水中的经验与教训,能够为花岗岩地区开展地下水勘查工作提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

云南泸西盆地边缘既比岩溶水勘查及应急抗旱示范工程

既比处于泸西盆地下游边缘,岩溶发育均匀性差,地表干旱,严重缺水,打井找水难度较大。文章论述了既比地区的水文地质条件、地下水分布赋存特征,介绍了岩溶区地下水勘查布井的工作方法;利用高密度电法、激电测深物探成果,结合水文地质调查成果,确定了井位,结果证实钻孔水量丰富。分析认为岩溶含水层富水性差异主要受溶隙充填、连通程度控制,总结出一套以岩溶水开发利用为龙头,抗旱与节水喷灌高效农业发展相结合的应急抗旱模式,经济效益显著。提出了开发利用地下水的管理措施建议。      

乌蒙山地区岩溶地下水流系统结构及其找水应用

为推动乌蒙山贫困缺水区生态环境建设、地下水资源合理利用,以昭通市作为重点调查区,基于地质调查、泉流量统计、水质检测,展开岩溶地下水富集规律及物探找水方法的研究.结果 表明:①研究区岩溶地下水系统以条带岭谷型、埋藏型为主.条带岭谷型岩溶地下水系统以现代岩溶为主,目标含水层多、发育深度有限、岩溶发育及富水程度差异大,富水块...     

西南岩溶山区物探找水效果

在利用地球物理方法探测西南岩溶山区地下水,确定宜井孔位时,正确分析、判断引起物探异常源的性质,选择合理的方法是决定能否获得地下水勘查成功的关键。通过分析在广西隆安县多处西南岩溶山区找水的成功实例,提出了适宜本地区的音频大地电场法、音频大地电磁测深法组合的物探找水模式,并对其勘查效果进行浅析,总结出确定宜井孔位时几点经验。供从事西南岩溶山区找水工作者参考。     

“逐步逼近式”找水方法及其在缺水地区水文地质勘查中的应用

在缺水地区开展找水水文地质勘查工作,如何提高成井供水效率,科学的找水方法至关重要。笔者介绍近10年来在我国西部地区300多个缺水村镇找水水文地质勘查实践中,总结出＂逐步逼近式＂找水方法。主要包括利用前人调查成果通过预研究确定找水方向、应用遥感解译方法圈定找水靶区、辅以简易快速物探方法的中比例尺地面调查确定富水地段、详细地面调查与物探组合技术结合优化确定钻探孔位、不同含水层选择相应钻探方法和成井工艺5个步骤。以及针对不同找水区在遥感数据源选择、简易快速物探方法应用与多方法有效组合探测的技术要点。     

Assessment of Constraint Factors of Resources and Environment of Sustainable Development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion: Based on the Framework of Landscape Sustainability Science

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important engine for China’s socioeconomic development. Timely and effectively assessing constraint factors of resources and environment is of great significance for the sustainability assessment and the sustainable development of this region. However, comprehensive assessment research considering key resource and environmental constraints are still lacking. In this study, therefore, the limiting factors of resources and the environment in the BTH region were assessed based on the framework of landscape sustainability science. First, we chose five limiting factors, including topographic condition, geological environment, water resource, land resource, and atmospheric environment, to assess the constraints of resources and the environment using the single-factor evaluation method and the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the results, we divided the whole region into five subregions, i.e., the ecological conservation subregion, the geological disaster subregion, the water resource scarcity subregion, the atmospheric pollution subregion, and the cropland protection subregion. The results revealed that the northern BTH region was highly constrained by topographic conditions, the central BTH region was strongly constrained by geological environment and water resources, whereas the southern BTH region was constrained mainly by land resources and atmospheric environment. In addition, water resource was the main limiting factor for regional population growth and economic development. In 2010, the water resource scarcity subregion had a total population of 39.59 million, an urban population of 76.90%, and a gross domestic product of 2 455.57 billion yuan. We argue that the sustainable development of the BTH region should explicitly consider the resource and environmental limiting factors, implement land use optimization according to local conditions, maintain multiple land use types and diverse management strategies, based on the perspective of “strong sustainability”, so as to promote the regional sustainable development.     

Vulnerability of water resources in northern Cameroon in the context of climate change

Water resources in northern Cameroon have continuously been reducing over the past years. Many studies have suggested two principal causes: (1) human activities such as poor farming practices, unsustainable use of water resources, increased demand of water, deforestation, land-use change, etc., (2) human-induced climate change. Northern Cameroon in this study includes: the Adamawa, North and Far North regions located closer to the Sahel regions of Africa. These regions are already water stressed because of their location and any further change in climate with rising temperature would impact water resource either positively or negatively. Time series analysis and a 12-month standardized precipitation index (SPI12) with digital data between 1957 and 2006 were used to investigate the variation of water resources in northern Cameroon. Results obtained varies between the different regions with an increased annual trend in temperature and precipitation for Ngaoundere (Adamawa region) and Garoua (north region), whereas Maroua (far north region) had a decreased annual trend in both precipitation and temperature. Further variability results obtained from a SPI12 show that wetter period out number drought period in all three regions. The study concluded that water resources vary with the changing climatic condition and the severity of the impact varies from region to region. Furthermore, water deficiency in northern Cameroon might not be due to climate change. The reasons might be a combination of poor water management and other factors such population growth, the environmental condition, etc.     

跨地区调水对水成本的影响分析:一个类比

就跨区域调水引起的水价问题按照全成本定价的划分项目进行定性分析,通过将跨区域调水和排污权交易中的泡泡法进行类比,为详细考察提供了一个经济分析方面具有一般性的框架。分析表明,跨区域调水对相关区域的每项水资源成本都发生影响,在合适的调水量之下,两地水资源成本互相趋近而总成本减少,与排污权交易导致的污染治理成本变化类似。跨地区调水建立的地区水资源联系打破了原来水资源成本项目的划分,使调出区原来过剩的水因为存在与调入区交易的可能而产生机会成本,并因调水后水供给与两地水需求更一致而提高了水资源的周转率,等同于增加了可用水资源量并因此降低了水成本。在此显示了水资源价值中时间因素的影响。分析证明水资源潜在的产权因为跨地区调水工程而变成可交易更完整的产权之后,提高了水资源配置效率,这与科斯定理完全一致。调入区的获益在短期和长期内有所不同。     

榆林能源化工基地供水保障方式探讨

榆林能源化工基地以其丰富的能源矿产资源为依托,集资源开发与加工转化为一体,探索出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、自然资源优势充分发挥的新型工业化道路。但由于基地内各个项目对水资源的依赖性极强,而受区位地理条件限制．未来十年供水缺VI巨大。在分析区域水文地质和资源勘探资料的基础上,提出了实施水源工程保障供给和水保工程涵养水源、完善供水管网布局、矿井水利用,以及增加供给、集约调配、珍惜善用的供水保障方式,为解决能源基地的供水问题指明了方向。     

黄骅坳陷地热资源研究

黄骅坳陷在勘探石油过程中发现了丰富的地下热水。根据实际资料对黄烨坳陷大港探区的地热资源进行了初步评价,提出了黄骅场陷储热系统和热异常区的分布规律,通过水化学分析,指出坳陷补给条件差,可实行人工回灌,增加地下热水资源。     

Groundwater resources of a multi-layered aquiferous system in arid area: Data analysis and water budgeting

The Maknassy basin in central Tunisia receives insignificant precipitation (207 mm/y), but the hydrological system retain very small quantities of water due to the steep topography and surface water resource partially mobilised witch is evacuated toward the basin outlet. However, the Maknassy plain support agriculture based on ground water irrigation with increasing water demand last decades. These developments have boosted agricultural productivity in the region. While these problems are mainly due to poor surface water management strategies in the region, the groundwater resources in this basin should be properly assessed and suitable measures taken for uniform surface water mobilization. As a first step in this direction, groundwater resources have been assessed. Regional specific yield (0.017) and groundwater recharge have been estimated on the basis of water table fluctuation method. Groundwater recharge amounting to 61.5 10⁶ m³ in a year takes place in the region through infiltration of rainwater (48.1*10⁶ m³ for phreatic aquifer and 13.4*10⁶ m³ for the deep one), and recharge due to the infiltration in the Leben quady bed (1.57*10⁶ m³). Recharge to deeper aquifers has been estimated at 0.1*10⁶ m³ during dry seasons. Assuming that at least 40 % (102.61*10⁶ m³) of the total precipitation water (256.64*10⁶ m³) makes the runoff water, this important resource can be mobilized in order to increase groundwater recharge. Subject to an arid climate, such region requires an integrated water resource management. It permits to keep aquiferous system equilibrium and participate to the sustainable development which integrates natural resource management.     

郑州沿黄水源地不同钻井工艺试验研究

以生产科研相结合的方式,在郑州沿黄地下水源地地区使用正循环钻进工艺施工水井8眼,泵吸反循环钻进施工工艺施工水井11眼,通过这2种水井钻进工艺的效率和经济性分析,得出郑州沿黄地下水源地地区使用泵吸反循环钻进施工工艺的最佳成井深度为140.75 m以浅,正循环钻进施工工艺最佳成井深度为140.75 m以深的结论,以此为今后类似地区水井施工钻进工艺选择提供参照依据。     

邢台百泉水源地地下水回补可行性分析

地下水资源是水资源的重要组成部分,随着经济社会的发展,很多地区地下水超采严重,利用地表水回补地下水成为保护地下水资源的重要手段。通过对朱庄水库水源条件以及下游河道的地质构造、水文地质条件和百泉泉域水资源的供需现状与发展趋势等进行分析后,认为利用朱庄水库放水回补百泉泉域地下水从条件上及经济上是可行的。     

内蒙古翁牛特-库伦一带严重缺水区找水研究

翁牛特-库伦一带为西辽河平原周边的严重缺水区,区内地形、地貌及地质构造条件复杂,找水难度较大.在该区找水过程中充分利用了前人资料,综合研究区域水文地质条件及地下水的补径排规律,合理采用遥感、物探等各方面的新技术、新方法.主要寻找断层带脉状水、碳酸岩类裂隙溶洞水、古河道砂砾石松散岩类水等.通过两年的工作,为地方成井7眼,总涌水量达3464.91m³/d,缓解了部分地区的人畜饮用水紧张状况,起到了典型的示范作用.     

准噶尔盆地天山北麓水文地质条件变化特征

准噶尔盆地南缘(天山北麓)是新疆国民经济发展中心,水资源短缺是严重制约区内经济发展的主要因素,研究和剖析区内水文地质条件变化特征,对天山北麓地下水资源评价、规划、开发具较大指导意义.从区内50年来水文地质条件变化分析入手,阐述准噶尔盆地南缘因人类经济活动引起的水资源循环模式改变、地下水补给量减少及水位持续下降趋势变化特征,为今后区内地下水资源评价及开发利用提供较好依据.