宝石识别展教系统公众展示载体应用创新研究——基于非接触检测与步进电机控制技术的集成系统

本文以宝石识别展教系统为对象,针对其现状及存在的问题,同时考虑公众体验需求,将宝石识别知识通过现代工业集成技术,引入到具象演示系统的研制中,采用知识体系与展示载体相融合的传播模式,解决技术集成创新应用的问题,再现宝石识别方法的重要步骤和相关现象,最终研究形成了基于非接触检测技术与步进电机控制技术的集成系统,并提交关键技术应用创新研究的具象解决方案,为宝石识别展教系统公众展示载体的应用创新提供了新的设计思路和开发实例。     

面向地质大数据的结构-属性一体化三维地质建模技术现状与展望

开展三维地质建模的目标,不应当只是实现地质体框架的可视化表达,而应当同时实现地质大数据的聚合、管理、挖掘、分析和共享。然而,传统的方法和技术难以实现顾及地质语义的结构-属性一体化三维地质建模与耦合表达。多点地质统计学方法虽然便于多源数据、地质先验知识、结构-属性的融合建模,却仍然受到数据结构表达能力不足、三维训练图像难以获取和非平稳现象的限制。面向地质大数据集成与管理的要求,详细讨论了三维地质建模中的空间数据模型、基于多点地质统计学的结构-属性一体化集成建模方法、以及基于三维地质模型的地质大数据集成与管理的框架与模式。发展新型的面向地质结构-属性耦合表达的统一空间数据模型,以及知识驱动与数据驱动协同的三维地质结构-属性一体化集成建模技术体系,着力构建出地质大数据的聚合、集成、管理、挖掘和分析的可视化环境与操作平台,是未来三维地质建模领域的研究热点和前沿方向。     

工程地质学的大成综合理论

工程地质学工作大多涉及系统工程问题,综合集成应是必需的技术路线.多元知识,即多学科的综合集成道路已得到普遍共识.作者提出,工程地质学需要发展大成综合理论,即多源知识的综合集成.钱学森在研究复杂巨系统中考虑到推理、经验和实测信息的集成,并称之为大成综合(Meta-Synthesis).本文从工程地质实践出发,指出大成综合...     

偏最小二乘回归在水汽和地面气温多模式集成预报中的应用研究

使用一种新的多模式集成方法偏最小二乘回归(PLS),利用其能完全消除多重共线性的特征来改善比湿和地面气温多模式集成预报的效果。基于TIGGE资料集下的欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)、中国气象局(CMA)、日本气象厅(JMA)和英国气象局(UKMO)4个中心集合预报结果,建立2012年多模式(25°~60°N,60°~150°E)区域24~168 h预报时效(间隔24 h)比湿和地面气温的多模式集成模型,分别使用消除偏差集合平均(BREM)、简单集合平均(EMN)、超级集合预报(SUP)以及偏最小二乘回归(PLS)4种方法对地面气温和水汽多模式集成,利用均方根误差(RMSE)和距平相关系数(cor)来判定多模式集成的效果并且针对性地预报了一次短期寒潮过程。2次预报结果均表明:偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法的多模式集成效果最好,不但优于4种单一模式而且表现出比其他3种方法更好的预报性能,具有一定的价值以及应用前景。     

基于多模式降水集成的陆气耦合洪水预报

针对基于单模式陆气耦合模型在洪水预报中存在的不确定性问题,利用三种数值天气预报模式MC2、GEM与T213开展基于多模式降水集成的陆气耦合洪水预报研究。通过淮河流域2007～2009年3场暴雨洪水验证表明:基于多模式降水集成的陆气耦合洪水预报可以有效地减小不确定性、提高精度和稳定性;但基于多模式降水集成的陆气耦合洪水预报对小尺度局地强降水仍存在较大的不确定性,今后需对此展开进一步的研究,以给出更加稳定、可靠的洪水预报结果。     

关于智能体环境下空间数据集成方法研究

在分析总结空间数据集成研究的发展历程及其存在的问题基础上,充分考虑空间数据海量、数据源异构性的特点,引入智能体概念和结构,提出了基于多智能体系统的空间数据集成模式,并对该模式的体系结构与功能实现进行了设计。     

面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链

为解决面向业务的空间信息服务构建复杂、集成部署的问题,提出了应用开发体系链,抽象面向业务的空间信息服务开发、部署和扩展的一般模式.应用开发体系链涵盖标准规范体系、资源体系、开发体系和部署体系4个元素.基于悬浮倒挂式支撑平台架构,应用开发体系链引入开发模式和功能仓库概念,界定服务开发层次关系和用户群体,融合服务开发和资源集成管理规范、服务开发和维护工具、部署模式等基本元素,形成优势应用,为国家级大型项目实施过程中系统集成部署提供开放的集成环境.      

青藏铁路路基稳定性模型的GIS集成工作环境应用研究

为了发挥GIS在青藏铁路冻土路基稳定性研究中有力的支持作用, 在已经建成的青藏铁路数字路基GIS平台的基础上, 探讨了一种基于过程集成模式的模型与GIS集成方法, 研究建立专业冻土路基模型与GIS平台集成的可视化"模型GIS集成工作环境", 研究重点为专业冻土路基稳定性模型模块在此"模型GIS集成工作环境"中的集成技术手段、 模型管理模式以及模型调用模式. 作为研究成果, 实现了一个实用原型系统.     

环境模拟和GIS集成的初步研究

GIS与环境模拟在技术、研究内容、方法上的进一步集成,具有广泛的应用前景.以开展的流域土壤和水资源研究模型的集成和系统化及其应用项目的实际工作,说明了环境模拟和GIS技术集成的必然性;从GIS技术的发展,环境模拟模型的改进与完善,数据的初始化与管理等方面系统地论述了环境模拟模型和GIS集成的必要性.通过现有集成模式的分析,对二者集成的概念框架以及不同的集成方式进行了概念性的描述,结合研究项目给出了集成示例.     

复杂条件下大型洞室群施工反馈分析集成智能系统研究

地下工程具有复杂性和不确定性的特点,大型洞室群施工反馈分析需要综合经验知识、统计分析和数值模拟等多种手段。在介绍反馈分析流程和多种反馈分析方法基础上,提出的包括数据库、知识库、模型库和推理机的IDSS框架的反馈分析的集成智能系统,并基于PB和VC++平台进行了程序的初步开发。通过在水布垭电站地下厂房的施工反馈分析中应用表明,该系统模式和开发策略是可行的。     

Building a semantic based public transportation geoportal compliant with the INSPIRE transport network data theme

Interoperability is becoming essential for the today’s geographic information systems. Geographic information is usually available as datasets stored in databases and accessible via GIS. However, these information sources are increasingly heterogeneous and show differences in data formats, database schema and object concepts. To satisfy the increased demand for the use and sharing of geographic data in common applications, considering the heterogeneity and the methods to support interoperability are required by the GIS community. The implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) such as the European INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) enables accessibility and the sharing of geographic data and interoperability among the systems. In addition to this, traditional GIS systems perform spatial queries using a keyword-based method. However, this approach remains incapable of fully expressing the users' needs due to a lack of geographic concepts (semantics) in the dataset. Different terms may refer to similar concepts, while the same terms may refer to different concepts. This causes semantic heterogeneity in the dataset. In this context, the most promising approach is the implementation of geospatial semantics by means of ontology in the geospatial dataset to overcome this kind of ambiguity. The aim of this research is to investigate the implementation of INSPIRE as a SDI standard and the use of Semantic Technology to empower the traditional GIS approach. In this regard, a public transportation geoportal has been developed for the experimental investigation which uses a revised sample transportation data complaint with the INSPIRE Transport Network Data Theme and a developed Transportation Ontology Domain, including concepts, relationships and individuals to provide a semantic spatial search.     

基于GIS的1:5万区调野外空间数据快速采集技术

利用ＧＩＳ技术综合多源地学空间信息,应用于区域地质调查的重要方面－野外空间数据采集。根据我国１：５万区调工作流程和数据采集的特点,在野外空间数据采集子系统中应用系统工程的思想,采用ＭａｐＧｉｓ和ＡｒｃＶｉｅｗ工具型地理信息系统软件,进行二次开发;从野外空间数据采集的标准化、数据字典、地质观察点定位、空间数据及其相关的属性数据的一体化采休、素描图的绘制等面加以研制,初步实现了１：５万区调系统中的野外     

GIS空间数据索引技术研究与实现

GIS通常包含各种大量的空间信息,空间数据索引的建立有利于提高空间数据的存储、检索效率。因此,对空间数据索引模型的研究具有重要的现实意义。OracleSpatial的R-树和四叉树是索引两种空间数据索引模型和空间数据双层查询模型。在Oracle8i对象关系型的数据库管理系统中,通过空间数据和属性数据的有效结合,利用OracleSpatial提供R-树和四叉树两种空间索引方式,可实现GIS中空间数据索引、检索功能,保证了空间数据查询的快速性和准确性。     

时态GIS的基本概念、功能及实现方法

数据在具有空间性的同时亦具有时间性, 时态地理信息系统是具备处理数据时间性功能的地理信息系统.简要介绍了时态GIS中的时间、时间粒度、时间戳、应答时间等基本概念及其分析、更新、显示等功能, 以及时空数据表示、不确定性、多标度等时态GIS的相关问题. 重点讨论了时态GIS的2个基本数据模型: 关系模型和面向对象模型.关系模型具有语义丰富、理论完善、高效灵活等特点, 从而使人们开始尝试在关系模型中加入时间维, 并利用关系代数和查询语言来处理时态数据, 关系模型包括归档保存、时间片、记录级时间戳等实现方法.面向对象模型提供了聚合、关联等机制, 易于支持时态GIS中的各种时空数据, 面向对象模型包括OSAM/T模型和Inith OO模型等.      

地质空间信息管理及分析处理：地质空间信息系统（GSIS）综述

地南空间信息系统是地质空间信息管理及分析处理的工具。本文提出了一个基于分布式系统的地人间信息系统的框架模型,包括三维空间数据生成和管理,模型化数据对象管理及多媒体数据存储查询,模糊处理,专家系统等功能。     

Web-oriented GIS system for monitoring, conservation and law enforcement of the Brazilian Amazon

A web GIS (WGIS) system for the Brazilian Amazon, named ImazonGeo and based on open source and public domain data, is presented. ImazonGeo was built following three principles. First, the system is based on Spatial Data Infrastructure architecture and web interface built using free software and public domain data. Second, we went beyond visualization of maps and spatial queries by providing information obtained with spatial analysis models. To do that, we designed a database that stores the results of previously defined spatial analyses and developed customized reports and query tools to facilitate fast access of information by end-users. Finally, the system is application-oriented in the areas of forest monitoring, conservation and forest law enforcement, meaning that it aims to contribute to support the protection of Brazilian Amazon forests. We illustrate these principles by presenting ImazonGeo’s technology, architecture, content and tools. Moreover, we present two successful cases to demonstrate how the system is being used. We conclude the paper discussing the challenges and potential solutions to turning our WGIS-SDI system into an internet hub of geo-information about the Brazilian Amazon.     

A Survey of the Spatio-Temporal Data Model

Traditional GIS(Geographic Information System)mostly can only describe the transient state data and does not have the ability to deal with the temporal dynamic data. When the data changes, new data will take the place of the old data, namely the transient state change into another, and the old data will disappear. Therefore, it is unable to make an analysis of the updating changes of the data and predict the development trend of the future. In this case, TGIS (Temporal Geographic Information System) emerges and expands the time dimension on the basis of traditional GIS. Spatio-temporal data model is the key to TGIS. Spatio-temporal data modeling is not only related to dynamic expression of spatio-temporal objects, but also gives an important support for spatio-temporal analysis and reasoning. This paper summarized the theories and applications status at home and abroad of spatio-temporal data model in detail, illustrated family tree of spatio-temporal data model for the nearly fifty years, discussed improvement and application status of Base State with Amendments Model, Event-based Spatio-temporal Data Model, Object-oriented Data Model and other spatio-temporal data models, and raised the existing problems of spatio-temporal data model. The current existing problems mainly includes: ①There are a lot of spatio-temporal data models put forward, but some of them only focus on semantic design and neglect the verified; ②Most of existing spatio-temporal data model are for vector data, only the Event-based Spatio-temporal Data Model is raster data structure; ③At present, the expression the time-space information of geographic entity is relative separated with spatio-temporal data model; ④Spatio-temporal data model is mainly used in cadastral management, land use and forestry data updating, less application in other fields. In the end, the future development direction was put forward of spatio-temporal data model. In the time of big data and “Internet plus”, it is necessary to explore the big data spatio-temporal data model that supports multiple data formats.     

基于GIS的空间数据和空间数据库浅谈

在数字城市、数字省区等数字工程建设和各个部门信息化建设迅速开展的时候，大量甚至海量空间数据的存储和管理成为地理信息系统建设工作者们面临的重要问题，研究空间数据和空间数据库变得非常迫切。简要介绍了空间数据的概念、特征和空间数据结构模型，并对空间数据库的设计做了简单阐述。     

A spatial decision support system for extracting the core factors and thresholds for landslide susceptibility map

Spatial decision support system (SDSS) is an interactive, computer-based system designed to support a user in achieving a higher effectiveness of decision-making while solving a semi-structured spatial data. Satellite Remote Sensing and Digital Elevation Modeling are providing a systematic, rational framework for advancing scientific knowledge of our SDSS of geophysical phenomena that, often lead to observe the natural hazards or resources. Taking the advantage of these, more specifically, our study focused on using these to collect and measure the landslide data on a vast area located at Shei Pa National Park, Miao Li, Taiwan. Our source data includes (1) Digital Elevation Modeling is also used to investigate the landform, and (2) remote sensing image data are also employed to analyze the vegetation conditions. In addition, the process of generating landslide susceptibility maps involved on how to effectively extract the site-condition dominant attributes and thresholds for displaying the landslide occurrence accurately. Thus, the information from landslide must be categorized and thoroughly evaluated by an Advanced Data Mining Technique — Entropy-based classification method to construct the landslide knowledge rules. The knowledge scope with regards to core factors and thresholds are solved. Then, the susceptibility hazard maps are drawn and verifications are made. On the other hand, the conventional statistical method of Logistic Regression is used for comparison.     

基于空间信息网格（SIG）的矿产资源评价

随着GIS的普及和深化,空间信息的大数据量、高复杂性和难共享的问题对其研究和应用提出了新的挑战.空间信息网格(Spatial Information Grid,SIG)作为创新性的网络空间信息基础设施和技术体系,为解决这些问题提供了新的契机.本文在给出SIG基本定义和基本特征的基础上,就如何实现基于SIG的矿产资源评价进行了有益的探索和实践,并取得了很好的效果,为矿产资源评价提供了新的方法和思路.