湘东北幕阜山梅仙花岗岩成因及其构造意义：锆石U- Pb- Hf同位素与全岩地球化学制约

梅仙花岗岩体位于幕阜山复式花岗岩基西南部,其成岩时代、岩石成因对湘东北地区新元古代花岗岩带成因研究以及其构造背景有着重要的指示意义。本次研究对梅仙岩体中粗粒、细粒两种结构的黑云母花岗岩分别开展了LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素和全岩地球化学测试。分析结果显示,中粗粒和细粒花岗岩年龄分别为819. 6±4. 6 Ma和810. 4±4. 7 Ma,证实梅仙岩体形成于新元古代,代表江南造山带中段新元古代构造- 岩浆活动高峰的结束。梅仙岩体的中粗粒花岗岩εHf (t)=5. 4~10. 1, tDM2=1. 31~1. 04 Ga,细粒花岗岩εHf (t)=5. 0~9. 9, tDM2=1. 33~1. 06 Ga。梅仙花岗岩具有正的εHf (t)值,且其Hf二阶段模式年龄接近冷家溪群碎屑锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄峰值(1. 4~1. 0 Ga),暗示其母岩浆有新生地壳物质的参与。梅仙花岗岩具有富硅铝、高钠、中低钾、弱过铝质,较富集Rb、Th、U、Li、LREE等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Sm等元素的特征,以及复杂的Eu异常(δEu=0. 58~1. 61)特征,属于或近似于火山弧花岗岩。梅仙花岗岩的Mg#值(45~59)明显高于地壳熔体的Mg#值(17~38),又暗示其母岩浆可能混入一定比例幔源物质。结合前人研究,本文认为梅仙花岗岩应是幔源岩浆底侵导致新生火成岩地壳部分熔融形成的非典型I型、I- S型花岗岩,其形成于扬子- 华夏板块陆陆碰撞后期,江南造山带构造背景由挤压向伸展转换的特殊时期。     

岩浆到热液演化的包裹体记录——以骑田岭花岗岩体为例

骑田岭花岗岩是燕山期花岗岩早期多阶段侵入复式岩体,岩石化学的研究表明它是富碱的、高分异的A型花岗岩,形成于板内拉张的构造环境。在其第二阶段中细粒黑云母花岗岩内广泛发育着厘米级至米级似伟晶岩囊状体和石英晶洞, 它们是富挥发份岩浆固结的产物,代表岩石形成过程经历了明显的岩浆-热液过渡阶段。包裹体显微岩相学研究在骑田岭黑云母花岗岩的石英中发现熔体-流体包裹体和流体包裹体共存,这一结果进一步证实骑田岭中细粒黑云母花岗岩中的似伟晶岩囊状体和石英晶洞是花岗质熔体在岩浆-热液过渡阶段的产物。显微测温结果显示,熔体-流体包裹体的捕获温度大于530℃,说明岩浆热液过渡阶段的温度不低于该温度;闪锌矿中流体包裹体的均一温度在285~417℃之间,盐度为11.7% NaCleqv,代表了成矿流体的温度和盐度;流体包裹体的均一温度为172~454℃,代表热液阶段流体的温度。从中细粒黑云母花岗岩到似伟晶岩囊状体再到石英晶洞,岩浆-热液体系经历了富挥份熔体→熔体+高盐度流体→高盐度流体→低盐度流体的完整演化过程,形成了CaCl₂-NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系的岩浆热液流体。包裹体岩相学及激光拉曼探针分析结果显示,在流体包裹体和多晶熔体-流体包裹体中含有长石、方解石、金红石及金属氧化物等子矿物,暗示其所捕获的流体具有较强的成矿能力。     

花岗岩锆石中铪的地球化学研究

花岗岩锆石中铪的电子探针分析结果表明,花岗质岩浆中含量很低的铪以完全类质同象形式置换锆而大量富集在锆石中。因此,通过对花岗岩锆石中铪含量的分析研究可以反映出花岗质岩浆结晶过程中锆/铪值的演化规律、铪的地球化学行为特征及其花岗岩成因探讨中的应用意义。     

维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床铌铁矿族矿物特征及其对岩浆-热液演化的指示

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托大型稀有金属-锡多金属矿床的成矿岩体从深部的中粒花岗岩向上逐渐过渡为斑状细粒碱长花岗岩,记录了岩浆演化的不同阶段。为查明铌铁矿族矿物成分、结构变化及其与岩浆演化过程的耦合关系,文章对采自不同深度的3种类型花岗岩（中粒花岗岩、石英斑晶不具雪球结构的斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和具雪球结构的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩）中的铌铁矿族矿物进行了详细的电子探针成分分析和元素面扫工作。维拉斯托矿床铌铁矿族矿物主要为铌铁矿,发育渐变环带结构,从核部到边部Ta含量增加,且斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和斑状细粒碱长花岗岩铌铁矿族矿物边部的铌铁矿、铌锰矿相较于幔部和核部的铌铁矿,其Ta含量具有明显的组分间隔;铌铁矿族矿物Mn/(Fe+Mn)原子比具有多种演化趋势,与分离结晶的矿物相和流体交代作用有关。中粒花岗岩和斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿结晶于岩浆阶段,斑状细粒碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿族矿物结晶于岩浆-热液过渡阶段。其中,斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩铌铁矿边部Ta含量增加与铁锂云母的分离结晶作用有关,斑状细粒碱长花岗斑岩铌铁矿族矿物边部Ta含量的突变与岩浆-热液过渡阶段的水硅酸盐液体中Ta溶解度的增加...     

北疆卡鲁安Li-Be-Nb-Ta伟晶岩岩浆-热液过渡过程与晶体-熔体-流体相互作用:锆石矿物学记录SCIEI北大核心CSCD

新疆卡鲁安伟晶岩型Li-Be-Nb-Ta矿床是阿尔泰造山带内重要的锂矿床之一。本文研究发现,卡鲁安富锂伟晶岩的各内部结构带,即钠长石-石英-白云母带(Ⅰ)、锂辉石-钠长石-石英带(Ⅱ)和锂云母-锂辉石-钠长石-石英带(Ⅲ)中的锆石结构和成分变化复杂,均发育三类、不同世代的锆石:Zr-P、Zr-A和Zr-O。Zr-P为原生岩浆锆石,它们具有均匀或振荡CL结构,相似的低HfO_(2)和Li、Be、Al、P、Ca、Fe、Nb、Cs、Ta含量。Zr-P_(Ⅰ)和Zr-P_(Ⅱ)的稀土元素配分模式呈左倾型,而Zr-P_(Ⅲ)的稀土配分模式呈平坦型,这与磷灰石和锰铝榴石分离结晶或熔-流体相互作用有关。Zr-A的CL结构不均匀,发育孔洞、微小富U/Th矿物包裹体,并含较高的Be、Al、P、Ca、Fe、Nb、Cs和Ta含量。Zr-A_(Ⅰ)和Zr-A_(Ⅱ)锆石显示相似的富集轻稀土、平坦式重稀土的M型稀土元素配分模式,而Zr-A_(Ⅲ)显示与Zr-P_(Ⅲ)相同的平坦型稀土配分模式。显微结构和成分差异表明,Zr-A是由原生岩浆锆石溶解-再沉淀而来,其中Zr-A_(Ⅰ)、Zr-A_(Ⅱ)锆石形成于岩浆热液过渡阶段的晶体-熔体-流体相互作用,而Zr-A_(Ⅲ)为流体交代的产物。Zr-O形成最晚,它们的CL结构均匀且强度最高,含最低UO_(2),而HfO_(2)、Li、Be、Al、P、Ca、Fe、Nb、Cs和Ta含量与原生岩浆锆石Zr-P相似,为热液成因。因此,卡鲁安富锂伟晶岩经历了岩浆、岩浆-热液过渡和热液多阶段演化,流体出溶后的晶体-熔体-流体相互作用活化早期锂辉石中的Li为伟晶岩晚期锂云母矿化(锂再富集)提供了重要物质条件。     

辽东半岛早白垩世早期高分异花岗伟晶岩成因与构造背景

包括辽东半岛在内的华北克拉通北缘早白垩世早期岩浆活动极其稀少,研究程度较低,导致该时期的地质背景限定缺乏直接证据.对辽东半岛三股流地区新发现的花岗伟晶岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石阴极发光（CL）成像技术、锆石微量元素、全岩地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素等方面的研究,以期为研究区早白垩世早期构造背景提供制约.花岗伟晶岩锆石阴极发光微弱甚至不发光,大多数锆石内部结构为斑杂状分带或海绵状分带,少见岩浆震荡环带,Th/U < 0.1,其锆石稀土元素特征也与岩浆锆石明显不同,显示出热液锆石特征.锆石U-Pb年代学结果表明花岗伟晶岩的形成年龄为144.3±2.7 Ma,属早白垩世早期.花岗伟晶岩以富Si、Al、碱,贫Fe、Mg,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,以及显示出一定的四分组效应为特征.其ε_Hf（t）为-27.4~-24.7,二阶段模式年龄为2.91~2.74 Ga,与五龙中晚侏罗世花岗岩Hf同位素组成相类似.综合以上研究,认为三股流花岗伟晶岩经历了较高程度的分异结晶,与五龙中晚侏罗世花岗岩存在成因联系,其成岩介质为富含热液的岩浆-热液共存体系.辽东半岛早白垩世早期岩浆活动形成于伸展背景,该伸展背景可能与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋后碰撞伸展和太平洋俯冲相关.      

东秦岭东段五垛山花岗岩基白草垛花岗伟晶岩微量元素富集型锆石特征及岩浆热液过程

锆石是岩石中常见的副矿物,锆石晶体结构和地球化学特征的变化可以记录热液蚀变过程。东秦岭东段白草垛花岗伟晶岩中识别出三种类型锆石。类型一锆石具有明显的振荡环带,部分锆石边部有少量裂隙,微量元素含量相对较低,重稀土元素(HREE)富集,具明显Ce的正异常和Eu的负异常,指示其为岩浆锆石。类型二锆石具核-幔-边结构,边部裂隙发育,核部与类型一锆石具有相似的CL和微量元素特征,为岩浆锆石;幔部呈深色海绵状,内部结构不均匀,偶见环带锆石残留,微量元素含量较高,具有较高的U和Th含量,Ce异常不明显,具热液锆石特征,为热液沿着裂隙进入锆石内部不完全热液改造的结果。类型三锆石的结构特征和微量元素含量与类型二锆石的幔部相似,具有异常高U和Th含量以及较高的D_α值,为类型二锆石近完全热液改造的结果。花岗伟晶岩作为岩浆演化晚期的产物,经过结晶分异,残留的岩浆热液富集微量元素,岩浆热液沿着锆石的裂隙进入晶体内部对锆石经过不同程度热液改造,形成了花岗伟晶岩中不同类型的锆石。     

川西甲基卡308号脉的矿物学特征及其岩浆- 热液演化示踪

甲基卡稀有金属矿床是亚洲规模最大的伟晶岩型锂矿床，308号脉为其中出露面积最大的伟晶岩脉。308号脉具有完善的分带性:细粒白云母- 钠长石- 石英带（Ⅰ）、中粗粒钠长石- 石英- 微斜长石带（Ⅱ）、中粒电气石- 钠长石- 石英带（Ⅲ）、中粗粒锂辉石- 钠长石- 石英带（Ⅳ）和中细粒锂辉石- 钠长石- 石英带（Ⅴ），并且富含稀有金属矿物（如锂辉石、绿柱石、锡石和铌钽氧化物），因此是系统研究伟晶岩演化历史和成岩成矿机制的理想实验对象。308号脉的矿物学研究较为薄弱，其岩浆- 热液演化过程及该过程中熔- 流体性质的变化规律，以及稀有金属的富集过程和影响因素尚不清楚。本文选取该脉各结构带中的贯通性矿物云母、磷灰石，以及稀有金属矿物锂辉石和特征性矿物电气石，通过详细的电子探针工作，分析它们的产状、结构特征、化学组成及其变化，结果表明:① 308号脉边部Ⅰ带（高温结晶）中电气石的出现（~5%）反映伟晶岩初始熔体具有富B的特征（>2%）；锂辉石在Ⅳ和Ⅴ带内的大量结晶说明初始熔体可能具有富Li的性质；主要含氟矿物电气石、磷灰石和云母类在岩石中的含量均较低，并且原生磷灰石具有相对偏低的F浓度（<3%），仅能形成于富F环境中的锂云母矿物也十分稀少，这些特征均表明308号脉初始熔体很可能具有较低的F含量；② 伟晶岩体系演化至Ⅴ带时发生流体出溶现象，自此进入岩浆- 热液过渡阶段，出溶流体可能具有富Cs和贫F的性质；③ 原生白云母和电气石化学成分的规律性变化说明308号脉的演化过程很可能不存在外来流体的加入；④ 308号伟晶岩的成岩和锂成矿过程主要受分异结晶作用支配，有限的出溶流体规模和伟晶岩分异演化程度（仅演化至岩浆- 热液过渡阶段，未充分进入热液阶段）对锂辉石的结晶和保存都起到了重要作用。     

滇东南老君山地区伟晶岩年代学研究及其地质意义

利用LA-ICPMS和LA-MC-ICPMS技术,对老君山地区3条伟晶岩脉进行锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素组成研究。研究显示,3条伟晶岩脉的形成时代分别为209.6 Ma、381.2 Ma和389.4Ma,形成于晚三叠世和中泥盆世;其对应的Hf同位素组成分别为εHf(t)=2.61~8.63、εHf(t)=1.10~4.96和εHf(t)=–0.11~12.9;其对应的二阶段模式年龄分别为tDM2=694~1077 Ma、tDM2=1060~1304 Ma和tDM2=558~1388 Ma。结合前人对区域中其他伟晶岩中白云母Ar-Ar定年研究,本文提出老君山地区伟晶岩可划分出3个主要形成时期:晚三叠世209 Ma、中泥盆世381~389 Ma和晚侏罗世-早白垩世140~144 Ma。由于2条中泥盆世伟晶岩侵入于老城坡花岗岩中,不太可能是老城坡花岗岩分异演化残余岩浆固结的产物;而研究区未见三叠纪S型花岗岩,可以排除晚三叠世伟晶岩脉由S型花岗岩残余岩浆分异演化而形成的可能。基于上述,本文提出老君山地区伟晶岩形成于碰撞后伸展构造背景下古老沉积岩的减压熔融过程,它对滇东南地区在志留纪-泥盆纪、三叠纪构造-岩浆-成矿事件提供了新的约束。     

阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉中铌铁矿族矿物环带构造及其岩石学意义

本文利用电子探针和背散射电子成像技术系统地研究了新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉各结构带中的铝铁矿族矿物。研究表明,本区伟晶岩脉中铌铁矿族矿物主要为铌锰矿-钽锰矿。成分特征显示从岩脉边部带到核部,Ta/(Nb Ta)比值呈近垂向演化,但Mn/(Fe Mn)比值没有明显变化。另一方面,铌铁矿族矿物在早期正岩浆阶段(Ⅰ-Ⅳ带)的成分变化非常局限,而在晚期的岩浆-热液过渡阶段(Ⅴ-Ⅶ带)的成分变化非常大。背散射电子成像技术观察还表明本区铌铁矿族矿物在正岩浆阶段没有环带构造特征,而在岩浆-热液过渡阶段有明显的环带构造特征,而且随着伟晶岩固结过程的进行,环带构造主要沿着渐变环带构造→韵律环带构造→交代构造的趋势变化。研究认为,本区铌铁矿族矿物在不同结构带的成分变化和在单颗粒中的环带构造是热液流体参与铌铁矿族矿物结晶的反应,环带构造的类型主要是由热液流体参与结晶的程度所控制。     

The Durulgui rare-metal granite‒pegmatite system in the eastern Transbaikal region: Petrological and geochronological aspects

The Durulgui granite?pegmatite system unites the Dedova Gora granite massif and pegmatite field with the Chalotskoe beryl deposit. New geochronological data on micas from porphyric biotite granites, fine-grained biotite granites, two-mica granites, and Be-bearing pegmatites are discussed. The plateau age of 128.5(±1.5)–131.2(±1.5) should be considered as indicating the formation time of the granite?pegmatite system as a whole. The age of the system implies the possibility of its formation owing to several magmatic pulses. This assumption concerns porphyric and fine-grained biotite granites and two-mica and muscovite granites, the contact between which is locally sharp. At the same time, the succession “two-mica granites → muscovite granites → granite?pegmatites → microcline pegmatites → microcline?albite pegmatites → albite pegmatites” demonstrates gradual facies transitions between rocks, which indicates their emplacement during a single magmatic pulse.     

Topaz–albite granites and rare-metal mineralization in the Limu District, Guangxi Province, southeast China

The topaz-albite granites of the Limu district are ultra-acidic, peraluminous, Li-F-Na-rich and Sn-Ta-Nb-mineralized. A distinct vertical zonation is developed in the granite stocks. There is an upward, systematic transition from leucocratic microcline-albite granite, through albite-microcline granite, topaz-albite granite, pegmatite stockscheider and layered pegmatite-aplite dikes, to K-feldspar-quartz veins and lepidolite-fluorite stringers in the country rocks. Snow-ball textures, homogeneous distribution of rock-forming and accessory minerals, disseminated mineralization, and melt inclusions in quartz, topaz, and albite are typical features indicative of their crystallization from the late stage Li-F-Na-rich and Sn-Ta-Nb-bearing residual granitic melts at a higher intrusion level. A comparison with rare-metal-bearing pegmatite, ongonite, topaz rhyolite and obsidian glass from other regions shows the worldwide existence of these specialized residual melts. Their emplacement and crystallization in a variety of geological environments result in the formation of a series of chemically similar rocks with different petrographic textures and mineral associations. The topaz-albite granites and associated mineralization in the Limu district provide a good example of highly evolved magmatic fractionation in the F-rich granite system and fluid/melt partitioning behavior of rare-metal elements during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution.     

不同成因锆石阴极发光及微量元素特征:以新疆阿尔泰地区花岗岩和伟晶岩为例

新疆阿勒泰可可托海地区出露大量花岗岩和伟晶岩脉,利用阴极发光显微照相(CL)、电子探针背散射(BSE)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS),观察和分析岩石中锆石的内部结构、稀土元素及Th,U含量后结果表明:该区花岗岩锆石具振荡环带和强烈的阴极发光特征,Th/U比值较高(Th/U=0.16～0.99),轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集,具较大的Ce正异常,为典型岩浆成因锆石。伟晶岩(KP-08-11)锆石为热液锆石,不具振荡环带和阴极发光,具低的Th/U比值(0.01～0.13),强烈富集稀土元素,尤其是轻稀土元素较花岗岩锆石高一个数量级,Ce的正异常相对较低。伟晶岩(KP3-08-1)锆石为变质重结晶锆石,Th/U比值分布范围较广(0.01～0.78),强烈亏损稀土元素,稀土元素配分模式存在显著的"REE四分组效应"。微量元素特征表明,伟晶岩(KP-08-11)锆石可能结晶自富U贫Th的残余岩浆流体,而伟晶岩(KP3-08-1)的锆石经历了蜕晶质化和变质重结晶作用,但依然保持了共存伟晶岩熔体的微量元素特征。     

Trace element geochemistry by laser ablation ICP-MS of micas associated with Ta mineralization in the Tanco pegmatite,Manitoba, Canada

In the Tanco pegmatite, one of the world’s major Ta deposits, tantalum mineralization shows a complexity that reflects the complex petrogenesis of its host pegmatite. Micas are common in most of the pegmatite units and are intimately associated with the successive stages of Ta mineralization, from the wall zone to the central zones where micaceous replacement is pervasive. Different generations of micas, both primary and secondary, associated with Ta oxides, were selected for electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS investigation. Their chemical trends are used to constrain the magmatic versus hydrothermal processes that played a role in their crystallization and their associated Ta mineralization. Micas range from dioctahedral muscovite to trioctahedral lepidolite through Al↔Li substitution. Unexpectedly, the most evolved compositions (low K/Rb ratios and high Li contents) occur in the wall zone; they are interpreted to reflect nonequilibrium crystallization from an undercooled melt, with or without boundary layer effects. In the central zones, the fine-grained mica–quartz assemblage hosts some coarser-grained Li-muscovite, which has the highest Ta contents (up to 400 ppm). These Li–F–a-rich micas are interpreted to originate from a magmatic metasomatic event, which was also at the origin of the MQM-style Ta mineralization at Tanco. However, the Li–Ta-poor, muscovite end-member compositions of fine-grained alteration micas suggest crystallization from an aqueous fluid, during a metasomatic (hydrothermal) event involving late pegmatitic fluids. The low Ta concentrations (around 50 ppm) of this fine-grained muscovite suggest that this fluid transported at least small amounts of Ta.     

The Petrological and Geochemical Evolution of Ediacaran Rare-Metal Bearing A-type Granites from the Jabal Aja Complex, Northern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

New fieldwork, mineralogical and geochemical data and interpretations are presented for the rare-metal bearing A-type granites of the Aja intrusive complex(AIC) in the northern segment of the Arabian Shield. This complex is characterized by discontinuous ring-shaped outcrops cut by later faulting. The A-type rocks of the AIC are late Neoproterozoic post-collisional granites, including alkali feldspar granite, alkaline granite and peralkaline granite. They represent the outer zones of the AIC, surrounding a core of older rocks including monzogranite, syenogranite and granophyre granite. The sharp contacts between A-type granites of the outer zone and the different granitic rocks of the inner zone suggest that the AIC was emplaced as different phases over a time interval, following complete crystallization of earlier batches. The A-type granites represent the late intrusive phases of the AIC, which were emplaced during tectonic extension, as shown by the emplacement of dykes synchronous with the granite emplacement and the presence of cataclastic features. The A-type granites consist of K-feldspars, quartz, albite, amphiboles and sodic pyroxene with a wide variety of accessory minerals, including Fe-Ti oxides, zircon, allanite, fluorite, monazite, titanite, apatite, columbite, xenotime and epidote. They are highly evolved(71.3–75.8 wt% SiO_2) and display the typical geochemical characteristics of post-collisional, within-plate granites. They are rare-metal granites enriched in total alkalis, Nb, Zr, Y, Ga, Ta, REE with low CaO, MgO, Ba, and Sr. Eu-negative anomalies(Eu/Eu* = 0.17–0.37) of the A-type granites reflect extreme magmatic fractionation and perhaps the effects of late fluid-rock interactions. The chemical characteristics indicate that the A-type granites of the AIC represent products of extreme fractional crystallization involving alkali feldspar, quartz and, to a lesser extent, ferromagnesian minerals. The parent magma was derived from the partial melting of a juvenile crustal protolith with a mantle contribution. Accumulation of residual volatile-rich melt and exsolved fluids in the late stage of the magma evolution produced pegmatite and quartz veins that cut the peripheries of the AIC. Post-magmatic alteration related to the final stages of the evolution of the A-type granitic magma, indicated by alterations of sodic amphibole and sodic pyroxene, hematitization and partial albitization.     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉岩浆—热液演化和成因

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉,由一陡倾斜的巨大岩钟和缓倾斜的板状体联合组成,总 体形态似一实心草帽。其空间分带十分明显,自外向内可依次划分出如下九个共生－结 构带 ：Ⅰ 文象、变文象伟晶岩带;Ⅱ 糖粒状钠长石带;Ⅲ 块状微斜长石带;Ⅳ 白云母-石英 带;Ⅴ 叶钠长石-锂辉石带;Ⅵ 石英-锂辉石（-叶钠长石）带;Ⅶ 白云母-薄片状钠长石 带;Ⅷ 锂云母-薄片状钠长石带;Ⅸ 石英和微斜长石核。根据伟晶岩各共生－结构带的时 空关系、矿物的多世代性和矿物中的包裹体等特征,从岩浆－热液演化的角度,探讨了伟 晶岩的成因问题,认为：Ⅰ、Ⅲ带和部分Ⅱ、Ⅳ带主要是富水但水不饱和的伟晶岩浆 直接结晶的产物;Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ带是在晶体相、熔体相和流体相三相并存的条件下,即岩浆— 热液过渡阶段结晶形成的;Ⅸ带是在热液早阶段从高温富硅酸盐溶质的超临界流体中结晶出 来 的;Ⅷ带和部分Ⅱ、Ⅳ带则是热液交代的产物。但交代流体不是从深部外来,而是从伟 晶岩浆体系本身在分异演化过程中发生液相分离的结果。     

一种特殊类型的云英岩:湘南香花岭地区癞子岭云英岩成岩成矿特征

癞子岭岩体具有极好的垂向分带性,从下部到顶部包括了花岗岩、云英岩和伟晶岩,其中云英岩以其厚度巨大,云母类型属于铁锂云母,黄玉含量高,W-Sn-Nb-Ta含量高,而区别于其他地区云英岩。通过对癞子岭云英岩进行岩石学、地球化学和矿物学的研究,本文得出:癞子岭云英岩是高硅的强过铝质岩石类型,全碱含量低(3~4.3 wt%),富集挥发组分,全岩Zr/Hf(~8)和Nb/Ta(~1.7)比值低。造岩矿物铁锂云母中Nb(~74×10~(-6))、Ta(~66×10~(-6))、W(~23×10~(-6))、Sn(~75×10~(-6))等成矿元素含量较高。副矿物锆石自形且成分均一,含有HfO_2约10 wt%,Zr/Hf比值最低为5,与云英岩下部的癞子岭钠长花岗岩中的锆石成分有连续过渡的关系。这些特征与南岭地区高演化稀有金属花岗岩或伟晶岩相当,体现了相近的演化程度。癞子岭云英岩中有明显的Nb-Ta-W-Sn成矿作用发生,主要形成铌铁矿族矿物、锡石和黑钨矿,成分和结构均具有岩浆成因特征。花岗质熔体中含有大量挥发组分Li和F,结晶出黄玉和Li-F云母,F在稀有金属的成矿作用和云英岩的成岩过程中发挥了非常重要的作用,成矿作用发生在岩浆演化的晚期并伴随有流体作用。因此,云英岩可能是钠长花岗岩高度分异演化之后的特殊产物,这为研究花岗岩岩浆-热液体系成岩成矿过程提供了新的窗口。     

Geochemical characteristics and spectrometric prospecting in the muscovite-bearing pegmatites and granites,southeastern Aswan,Egypt

Rare metal mineralization of Sn, Nb-Ta and W is encountered in the Gebel Dihmit area （GDA）, southeastern Aswan, Egypt. The mineralization is related to muscovite granites and their pegmatite derivatives. The pegmatites are divided into three types according to their main mineral assemblages： K-feldspar-muscovite-tourmaline, K-feldspar-albite-muscovite and albite-K-feldspar-lepidolite veins. Petrogenetic studies indicate that Sn and Nb-Ta mineralization extends from the late-magmatic stage to the pegmatite and hydrothermal stages of the （GDA） suite. The albite-K-feldspar-lepidolite granite is composed dominantly of albite, lepidolote, and quartz, with topaz, K-feldspar and amblygonite. The accessory minerals are zircon, monazite, pollucite, columbite-tantalite, microlite and Ta-rich cassiterite. Phenocrysts of quartz, topaz and K-feldspar contain abundant inclusions of albite laths and occasional lepidolite crystals along growth zones （snowball texture）, indicating simultaneous crystallization from a subsolvus, residual magma. The origin of the pegmatites is attributed to extreme differentiation by fractional crystallization of a granitic magma. The economic potential for rare metals was evaluated in the geochemical discrimination diagrams. Accordingly, some of the pegmatites are not only highly differentiated in terms of alkalis, but also the promising targets for small-scale Ta and, to a less extent, Sn. The pegmatites also provide the first example of Fe-Mn and Nb-Ta fractionation in successive generations of granites to cassiterite-bearing pegmatites, which perfectly ex- hibit similar fractionation trends established for primary columbite-tantalite in the corresponding categories of pegmatites. Uranium and Th of magmatic origin are indicated by the presence of thorite and allanite, whereas evidence of hydrothermal mineralization is the alteration of rock- foring minerals such as feldspar and the formation of secondary minerals such as uranophane..     

Geochemistry of K‐feldspar and Muscovite in Rare‐element Pegmatites and Granites from the Totoral Pegmatite Field,San Luis,Argentina

The geochemistry of K‐feldspar for K, P, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs, Ga, and of muscovite for the same elements plus Nb and Ta, was used for proving the parental relationships of S‐type granites and LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) rare‐element pegmatites in the southernmost pegmatitic field of the Pampean pegmatite province in Argentina. The variation of K/Rb‐Cs, K/Cs‐Rb, K/Rb‐Rb/Sr, K/Rb‐Ba in K‐feldspar from the granites and pegmatites show that they form an association with the evolutional sequence: granites → barren‐ to transitional pegmatites → beryl type, beryl‐columbite‐phosphate pegmatites → complex type of spodumene subtype pegmatites → albite‐spodumene type → albite type pegmatites. This sequence reflects the regional distribution of the different magmatic units. The Ta‐Cs diagram for muscovite reveals that none of the studied pegmatites exceed the threshold established in previous studies for being considered with important tantalum oxide mineralization. The granites and pegmatites constitute a rare‐element pegmatitic field in which different magmatic units form a continuous fractionation trend, extended from the less evolved granitic facies to the most geochemically specialized pegmatites     

皖南石耳山新元古代花岗岩锆石U—Pb定年以及元素和氧同位素地球化学研究

对皖南新元古代石耳山花岗岩样品进行了锆石微区u—Ph定年、全岩主微量元素分析和Sr—Nd同位素分析以及矿物氧同位素分析。结果表明,石耳山花岗岩中存在两个时代的岩浆锆石,对应的u—Ph年龄分别为777±9Ma和827±15Ma。总体上石耳山花岗岩的特征为：高SiO2（74．7％-78．5％）、高K2O（3．99％～5．64％）和高K2O／Na20比值（1．5—3．0）,以及很低的基性组分含量（YTiO2＋FeO＋MgO=1．2％-3．0％）,显示出高度演化的地壳物质。并具有LREE富集的右倾模式和强烈的Eu负异常（Eu／Eu^＋=0．2—0．4）。全岩εNd（t）值（-0．53—＋0．72）,指示其岩浆源区含有显著的亏损地幔组分。样品的锆石δ^18O值为2．4‰-7．1‰,显示石耳山花岗岩为低δ^18O值岩浆岩;相对较大的δ^18O值变化范围,说明其成因与高温超固相热液蚀变作用有关。其余矿物与锆石相比,大多数表现出很大的δ^18O值变化范围,表明经历了不同程度的高温热液蚀变。根据这些岩石的同位素年代学和地球化学特征,认为U—Ph年龄为827±15Ma的锆石应为继承来源,而年龄为777±9Ma的锆石可解释为同时代岩浆成因。因此在1000—880Ma中,皖南出现过大规模的幔源岩浆活动,沿着大陆边缘形成初生地壳。约827±15Ma热事件（地幔超柱活动？）使岩石圈地幔及其上覆地壳加热,导致拉伸加厚地壳内部的初生地壳重熔形成岩浆岩。随着裂谷的快速打开,约780Ma幔源岩浆沿裂谷带上涌,启动了中上地壳裂谷带高温热液蚀变,同期喷发了大量的火山岩。裂谷带内的岩浆围岩经受了不同程度的水一岩交换,形成各种低δ^18O值的蚀变围岩。在约805℃时,蚀变围岩开始部分熔融并且同期侵位冷却固结,形成花岗岩。较老的继承锆石大多被熔融,大量形成的是约777±9Ma结晶的岩浆锆石。由于处于熔体状态的时间很短,使得岩浆未能均一化,而生成具有不同低δ^18O值的花岗岩。石耳山花岗岩初生地壳的形成至少经历了2个阶段部分熔融成岩过程,因而具有高硅、高钾和低基性组分等高度演化的地壳物质特征。