四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜矿控矿构造特征与成矿关系研究

黑牛洞铜锌矿床位于四川省九龙县江浪变质核杂岩穹窿韧性剪切带内,为中型铜锌多金属矿床。成矿作用表现出多期次、多成因的特点,与江浪变质核杂岩的形成与演化有着密切的联系。本文通过对地质特征、构造样式解析及成矿物质来源研究,华力西期的伸展性顺层韧性剪切作用和燕山期脆韧性重力滑脱的叠加是黑牛洞形成富矿的根本原因。通过对黑牛洞铜锌矿床的地质特征、控矿构造等构造成矿作用分析,探讨了黑牛洞铅锌铜矿床的成矿规律,为下一步深部及外围找矿提供理论依据。     

四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜矿控矿构造特征与成矿关系研究

黑牛洞铜锌矿床位于四川省九龙县江浪变质核杂岩穹窿韧性剪切带内,为中型铜锌多金属矿床。成矿作用表现出多期次、多成因的特点,与江浪变质核杂岩的形成与演化有着密切的联系。本文通过对地质特征、构造样式解析及成矿物质来源研究,华力西期的伸展性顺层韧性剪切作用和燕山期脆韧性重力滑脱的叠加是黑牛洞形成富矿的根本原因。通过对黑牛洞铜锌矿床的地质特征、控矿构造等构造成矿作用分析,探讨了黑牛洞铅锌铜矿床的成矿规律,为下一步深部及外围找矿提供理论依据。     

四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜矿控矿构造特征与成矿关系研究

黑牛洞铜锌矿床位于四川省九龙县江浪变质核杂岩穹窿韧性剪切带内,为中型铜锌多金属矿床。成矿作用表现出多期次、多成因的特点,与江浪变质核杂岩的形成与演化有着密切的联系。本文通过对地质特征、构造样式解析及成矿物质来源研究,华力西期的伸展性顺层韧性剪切作用和燕山期脆韧性重力滑脱的叠加是黑牛洞形成富矿的根本原因。通过对黑牛洞铜锌矿床的地质特征、控矿构造等构造成矿作用分析,探讨了黑牛洞铅锌铜矿床的成矿规律,为下一步深部及外围找矿提供理论依据。     

西昆仑苦阿金铜铁矿地质特征及成因类型探讨

石炭系阿羌岩组为本区的矿源层.灰绿色糜棱岩化强蚀变安山岩、英安岩夹中层状大理岩的绿岩组合是本区的主要含矿层位,矿体在空间分布上有明显的层控特点,是本区最具找矿意义的地层.从矿区地层岩性、变质作用、岩浆作用、脆-韧性变形作用等主要控矿因素综合分析,成矿物质来源于火山活动和沉积作用,后经变质作用和岩浆作用的改造,形成绿岩带中与火山-沉积作用有关的沉积变质型金、铜、铁矿床,同时经脆-韧性变形,具有构造蚀变岩型金铜和磁铁矿型金铁铜共生的特征,区域变质、岩浆热液、韧性剪切共同作用促使了本矿床的形成.认为本矿床属于多型共生的多元矿床.     

四川里伍铜矿田控矿构造特征与找矿方向

里伍铜矿田位于扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩穹隆构造中。现已发现里伍、黑牛洞等中小型铜矿床7处,为扬子地台西缘地区铜矿集中产出区之一。中深构造层次的江浪变质核杂岩构成了矿区构造主体。通过对里伍铜矿田内矿床的地质特征、控矿因素和控矿构造特征等的系统研究表明,矿田中由变质核杂岩穹隆构成的构造组合及其韧性剪切滑脱带控制了铜矿体的定位、形态以及矿床的规模。变质核杂岩穹隆中的韧性剪切滑脱带是主要控矿构造。在综合研究的基础上,提出了矿田和区域找矿方向。     

四川九龙黑牛洞铜锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜锌矿床为一个产于前震旦系江浪变质核杂岩中的富铜矿床,受穹隆内发育的环状滑脱构造系统控制。通过对矿床地质特征、成矿物质来源、氢氧同位素等方面的研究,认为矿床的成矿物质主要来自于深部,成矿热液是大气降水和变质水组成的混合流体。矿床的成矿时代为燕山期,矿床的形成与区域构造-岩浆热事件相对应。黑牛洞矿床为中高温变质热液矿床。     

四川省九龙县中咀铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨

中咀铜矿床位于扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩内,围岩为一套中元古界变质火山-陆源碎屑沉积岩。原岩经过多期次变形变质作用,韧性剪切带控制了蚀变带、矿化带和矿体的分布。包括中咀铜矿在内的"里伍式"铜矿床物质具有多来源、成矿作用具有多期次、多成因的特点,其主成矿作用为燕山期中高温热液交代充填成矿,成因上属于海相沉积-改造型矿床。成矿物质主要来源于含矿岩系本身,控矿构造主要为韧性剪切带和穹窿构造。     

四川九龙黑牛洞铜矿床地质特征及其外围找矿方向初探

形成于燕山期的黑牛洞铜矿分布在江浪变质核杂岩的伸展型韧性剪切带内,变基性火山岩附近矿化和蚀变强烈。伸展型韧性剪切带晚期具有张性或张扭性断裂叠加的构造特征。黑牛洞铜矿似属韧性剪切带型铜矿,其成矿物质具有多来源、成矿作用具有多期次、矿床具有多成因的特点,而最终使其成为富铜矿的重要控矿因素则是燕山期的伸展型韧性剪切作用及其晚期的脆性断裂叠加。建议找矿在伸展型韧性剪切带内,有变基性火山岩发育,矿化、蚀变显示良好,晚期叠加张性或张扭性断裂的有利地段展开。     

江西石坞金矿床成矿特征及找矿方向

江西石坞金矿床位于江西省金山金矿田金山金矿西部,是一个受韧性剪切带控制的变质热液型大型岩金矿床.矿化带叠加在构造岩分带与蚀变分带之中,呈"三体一位"产出,矿体形态较简单,厚度较不稳定,品位与厚度分布成正比,成矿物质来源为同源型,成矿作用是"火山沉积─区域变质─韧性剪切带控矿容矿─改造叠加".文章通过对该矿成矿特征及矿床成因分析,提出了找矿方向.     

鄂北黑龙潭剪切带型金矿床地质特征及成因

重点论述了含金剪切带的地质及金矿化特征,从矿床地质、矿石物质组分、矿物包裹体和稳定同位素等方面探讨了韧性剪切带型金矿的成矿特征及成因。认为绿片岩相地层是成矿物质的主要来源,韧性剪切带既是控矿构造,又是金及有关元素活化、迁移、聚集成矿的有利条件。矿床属变质热液成因。最后简述了该区的找矿前景。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

Composition,formation conditions,and genesis of the Talatui gold deposit,the Eastern Transbaikal Region,Russia

The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag₂Te) and matildite (AgBiS₂). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.