阿尔金山北缘蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

阿尔金北缘阿克赛青崖子附近蛇绿混杂岩组成岩石包括蛇纹岩和辉长岩等,呈透镜状构造岩片产出。蛇纹岩以富Mg,贫Al₂O₃、CaO、TiO₂和∑REE为特征,与世界上典型蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的特征值一致。辉长岩SiO₂含量为49.06%~50.70%,具有高的MgO（7.16%~10.01%）和Fe ₂O₃（6.36%~12.85%）含量,TiO₂含量低到中等,为0.31%~1.02%,Na₂O和K₂O含量中等,平均分别为0.73%和0.75%,辉长岩在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上属平坦型或轻微富集型,无负Eu异常,与E-type洋中脊和OIB玄武岩类似。辉长岩的主量元素、微量元素特征表明其可能既保留了形成于MORB的背景信息,也记录了SSZ环境改造的结果,推测青崖子蛇绿混杂岩组合可能来自不同构造背景。蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定,确定出青崖子附近蛇绿混杂岩所代表的洋壳形成于521±12Ma,为古生代早期。该年龄测定的结果还显示本区在472±10Ma有一次地质事件,可能代表了古生代的洋盆闭合的下限年龄。     

鹤壁新生代玄武岩源区及成因: 地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

大陆碱性玄武岩是研究大陆地幔、软流圈和岩石圈、壳幔相互作用的窗口。鹤壁碱性玄武岩为华北中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分,其源区和成因对了解新生代期间华北克拉通中部岩石圈地幔改造提供了重要依据。鹤壁新生代玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,贫硅(SiO₂=45.0%~47.8%)富镁(MgO=7.3%~8.5%)和全碱(Na₂O+K₂O=4.6%~6.3%),富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常。富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,具有明显的Nb、Ta正异常,其中Nb/U=35~48、La/Nb=0.4~0.7、Ba/Nb=3.6~11。 全岩的Sr、Nd、Hf同位素比值分别为⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i=0.7036~0.7044,ε_Nd(t)=+0.4~+5.4, ε_Hf(t)=+5.0~+9.7,显示鹤壁新生代玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征和同位素组成。岩相学特征和地球化学特征表明鹤壁新生代玄武岩是软流圈地幔(>80km)小程度部分熔融形成的熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用后的结果,地壳物质混染和结晶分离作用不显著。     

中祁连苏里地区新元古代辉绿岩墙群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中祁连西段苏里地区有大量北东和近东西向延伸的辉绿岩、辉长岩呈岩墙状侵入到元古宙地质体中。基性岩墙的SiO₂含量为46.77%～52.37%，Al₂O₃含量为12.82%～15.86%，TiO₂含量为1.16%～3.14%，MgO含量为3.84%～7.98%，FeO^T含量为10.42%～15.53%，以贫K₂O （0.10%～1.60%）、Na₂O>K₂O为特征，里特曼指数σ=0.67～2.96，岩石主量元素地球化学成分与大洋拉斑玄武岩一致；全岩稀土元素总量较低（51.28×10^-6～165.11×10^-6），轻重稀土元素之比为2.67～4.90，（La/Yb）_N值为2.04～5.03，属轻稀土元素富集型，δEu=0.93～1.12，无明显的Eu异常；富集Rb、Ba、Th、U，亏损Nb和K，大离子亲石元素丰度变化范围相对较宽，高场强元素富集程度不强，微量元素蛛网图上具有左侧隆起、右侧相对平坦的分布型式。基性岩墙LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为819.5±5.2 Ma，形成时代与全球性Rodinia超级大陆裂解时代高度一致。岩石地球化学分析结果显示岩浆起源于亏损地幔源区，是尖晶石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物，岩浆形成于陆内裂谷环境，表明其可能为Rodinia超级大陆裂解的产物。     

内蒙古北山造山带发现额勒根蛇绿岩——红石山-百合山蛇绿岩带东延的证据

通过1∶5万黑红山幅区调工作,在内蒙古北山造山带的额勒根地区新发现并详细填绘出一套由玄武岩、斜长花岗岩、硅质岩和砂板岩构成的蛇绿构造混杂岩组合,该蛇绿混杂岩带呈NWW向带状展布,宽2.5～8 km,延伸约25 km。其中,玄武岩具富Na_2O(3.02%～6.04%)、Mg O(4.29%～5.46%)而贫K_2O(0.03%～0.23%)、Ti O_2(0.44%～0.59%),轻稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为平坦型;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Ba、U,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,兼具洋中脊玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩特征。斜长花岗岩与蛇绿岩中的玄武岩具相似的岩石地球化学特征,形成于玄武质岩浆部分熔融,稀土元素配分模式显示弱负Eu异常的似平坦型曲线。在斜长花岗岩中获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为342±4.7 Ma,推测古洋壳形成于早石炭世。结合蛇绿岩两侧不同时代火山岩构造环境的分析,认为额勒根蛇绿混杂岩为古亚洲洋向南俯冲过程中弧后扩张形成的SSZ型蛇绿岩。晚中生代一系列北东向左行走滑断裂,使红石山-百合山蛇绿岩带向北错移至额勒根一带通过。该蛇绿岩带的发现,解决了区域上红石山-百合山蛇绿岩带的东延问题,为北山乃至中亚造山带古生代构造演化提供了重要信息。     

云南民乐铜矿床中玄武岩和流纹斑岩的成因: 年代学和地球化学制约

本文对云南民乐铜矿床中宋家坡组流纹斑岩进行了锆石SIMS U-Pb年代学,流纹斑岩和玄武岩的地球化学和Nd同位素研究工作,目的是揭示民乐铜矿床中赋矿建造次火山岩和玄武岩的成因和构造环境。宋家坡组玄武岩通常显示出较高的Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃ 和Na₂O含量,随SiO₂含量增加,MgO、CaO和P₂O₅ 含量减小。玄武岩具有较高的ε_Nd(t) 值(+2.9~+3.5),岩石稀土总量较低(∑REE=50.1×10^-6~60.6 ×10^-6)并在球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素图解上显示出比较平坦的REE模式,在蛛网图上表现出Nb-Ta轻微亏损Sr富集的特征。这些岩石总体上表现出亚碱性玄武质岩石特征,原始岩浆很可能来源于长期亏损、富斜长石而贫石榴石的尖晶石地幔源区部分熔融。本文认为这些玄武岩形成过程中岩浆经历了结晶分异作用和不同程度的地壳混染作用。宋家坡组流纹斑岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为234.8±2.4Ma。这些岩石与一般流纹岩相比具有较高的SiO₂、(Na₂O+K₂O)和Al₂O₃含量,在球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素图解上显示出轻稀土元素(LREE)富集而重稀土元素相对平坦的模式,并具有轻微Eu负异常的特征。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图上,这些岩石的Nb-Ta、Sr、P 和Ti表现出明显亏损的特点。上述流纹斑岩显示出I型花岗岩的特征,其ε_Nd(t) 为-1.9至 -0.51之间。这些岩石的母岩浆很可能是弱碱性的流纹安山质岩浆,可能是由区域分布的中-新元古代镁铁质-中性的下地壳部分熔融而来,然后加入了少量的同时代玄武质岩浆。这些岩浆而后经历了较充分的结晶分异作用形成了流纹斑岩。民乐矿区玄武岩和流纹斑岩表现出岛弧火山岩的特征,很可能是在碰撞晚期-碰撞后环境下形成。     

贵州水城二叠纪钠质粗面玄武岩的地球化学特征及其源区

贵州水城二叠纪玄武岩位于峨眉山大火成岩省东部。该玄武岩全岩SiO₂的含量为44.5%~50.04%,TiO₂的含量为2.38%~2.74%,MgO的含量为5.74%~7.96%, Mg^#值较低为0.40~0.49,Na₂O含量高,为4.81%~7.19%,并且Na₂O/K₂O>4,属于钠质粗面玄武岩即夏威夷岩。具有ΣREE富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式,稀土和微量元素特征和Pb同位素特征显示洋岛玄武岩OIB的地球化学特征,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.70482~0.70503,ε_Nd(t)和(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_<em>t变化范围较窄:1.3~1.8和17.21~17.62。与贵州威宁黑石头和织金二叠纪玄武岩比较,水城玄武岩富碱,TiO₂含量低,Na₂O、MgO和Al₂O₃含量高,造成峨眉山大火成岩省东部贵州境内三个地方玄武岩不同性质的主要原因是由于地幔源区不同,分离结晶程度和地壳混染程度的不同,水城玄武岩来源于交代富集地幔,是峨眉山地幔柱上升至石榴石稳定区发生部分熔融,地幔柱的部分熔融体和富含挥发分的大陆岩石圈地幔混合,在上升到地表过程中受到轻微的地壳混染所形成。     

内蒙大青山地区黑云母花岗岩SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其构造意义

大青山黑云母花岗岩主要由钾长石（45%）、斜长石（15%~25%）、石英（25%）、黑云母（5%~10%）组成。主元素SiO₂含量69.48%~72.40%,K₂O+ Na₂O含量7.74%~9.58%,K₂O＞Na₂O,A/CNK为1.0~1.17,具过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩特征;稀土元素分馏较强,REE配分型式具中等负Eu异常;微量元素在原始地幔（PM）标准化蛛网图上显示Rb、Th、K、Nd相对富集,Nb、Sr、Ti相对亏损,岩石地球化学特征与碰撞花岗岩类似。本文对大青山地区料木山黑云母花岗岩进行高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究,其形成时间为2430±19Ma,可能代表鄂尔多斯陆块与阴山微陆块碰撞造山岩浆热事件年龄。区域上埃达克质岩、赞歧岩、Colcepet花岗岩同位素年龄均为2470~2330Ma, 预示着这一地区在古元古代早期可能已经出现与板块消减相关的陆-陆碰撞造山带。古元古代花岗岩的岩石地球化学和同位素年代学特征表明乌拉山-大青山麻粒岩相带是一条古元古代造山带。     

东昆仑夏日哈木退变质榴辉岩地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

本文对东昆仑夏日哈木退变质榴辉岩开展岩石地球化学和年代学研究，探讨其原岩性质和构造背景。岩石SiO₂含量为46.77%~49.31%，Al₂O₃含量为13.6%~14.6%，TiO₂含量为0.93%~2.29%，全碱（K₂O+Na₂O）含量为1.61%~2.66%，原岩属亚碱性玄武岩系列中的拉斑玄武岩。（La/Yb）_N=0.98~1.63，（La/Sm）_N=0.98~1.41，δEu=1.10~1.28，稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图呈弱Eu正异常的右倾型，岩石相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和不相容元素U，相对亏损高场强元素Zr、Hf，Hf/Th=0.59~0.97，Th/Yb=0.13~0.27，显示其原岩具E-MORB特征。退变质榴辉岩的锆石Th/U比值为0.002~0.091，为变质成因锆石，其锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为414.2 ±7.3 Ma，代表了退变质榴辉岩的峰变质年龄，结合区域地质背景，认为该岩石形成于早泥盆世早期由碰撞作用向碰撞后伸展作用转换的构造环境。     

大同第四纪玄武岩成因:主微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素研究

大同火山区位于大兴安岭-太行山重力梯度带西侧，所发育的第四纪玄武岩岩石地球化学特征为探索该区火山岩成因提供了重要约束，同时也为华北克拉通西部岩石圈地幔与软流圈的相互作用提供重要依据。根据火山地貌和岩性的不同，沿着北东向陈庄-许堡断裂可将大同玄武岩大致分为东、西两区，西区火山多呈锥状，以碱性玄武岩为主；东区则以溢流拉斑玄武岩为主，锥体少。镜下岩相学研究观察到大量橄榄石和单斜辉石斑晶，结合Ni、Cr两种元素随着MgO含量降低而减小，这两种矿物应是分离结晶作用下的主要产物。这些玄武岩的SiO₂和（K₂O+Na₂O）含量分别为45.02%~53.3%和3.60%~6.53%，相对富集轻稀土元素（（La/Yb）_N=5.8~31.6），并显示富集LILE（Rb、Ba、Sr正异常）以及HFSE（Nb、Ta、Zr正异常）的洋岛玄武岩（OIB）特征。根据La/Yb-Sm/Yb图解模拟计算得出大同玄武岩均是石榴石相二辉橄榄岩低程度部分熔融的结果，其中碱性玄武岩部分熔融程度约为1.5%~3%，拉斑玄武岩约为4%~8%。所研究的玄武岩有较低⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr（0.703302~0.705102）、较高¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd（0.512561~0.512963）和¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf（0.282922~0.283072）比值。在¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd-⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr图解上大同玄武岩落在OIB范围内；²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解表明它们来自PREMA和EMⅠ端元的二元混合。大同碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征不同可以用两点原因来解释：（1）主量与微量元素特征的差异是两种玄武岩部分熔融程度不一样形成的；（2）同位素特征表明两种玄武岩都来自软流圈亏损端元的部分熔融并存在少量岩石圈富集端元物质的加入，其差异则是加入比例不同造成的。     

新疆天山地区榆树沟-铜花山蛇绿岩特征和构造背景

榆树沟-铜花山蛇绿岩出露于南天山北缘,属哈萨克斯坦-伊犁板块和塔里木板块之间的缝合带。蛇绿岩已被构造肢解,主要由超镁铁岩、堆晶岩、熔岩类组成。超镁铁岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,显示典型的亏损地幔岩特征,橄榄石为富镁型,Fo为90;斜方辉石为顽火辉石,En为90,单斜辉石含量少;副矿物铬尖晶石属低铬型,Cr^#值(＝Cr/(Cr+Al)×100)16~28,Mg^#值(=Mg/(Mg+Fe)×100)63~75,反映了深海橄榄岩特征。归一化后榆树沟超镁铁岩MgO含量38.84%~44.53%,Al₂O₃为1.51%~3.63%,CaO为0.42%~5.77%,成分近于大洋二辉橄榄岩;铜花山的超镁铁岩叠加碳酸岩化,LREE强烈富集,可能经历了俯冲洋壳流体改造。熔岩类在榆树沟和铜花山均有较大规模产出,其中榆树沟玄武岩为主,铜花山安山岩和英安岩较多。熔岩多已遭受绿片岩相海底热液蚀变。榆树沟玄武岩的REE含量总体比铜花山的低,稀土配分模式均为轻稀土富集型;玄武岩的微量元素特征表明其源区可能遭受过流体作用影响。铜花山三个高镁火山岩化学成份具有SiO₂(32%~36%)含量很低、MgO(20.12%~28.50%)含量高、K₂O+Na₂O(0.06%~0.46%)含量小于2%的特征,综合分析可归为苦橄岩类。堆晶岩通常以构造小岩块产在超镁铁岩块中或基性熔岩中,以辉长岩为主,有少量橄榄辉石岩等,岩石蚀变、构造变形强烈。堆晶岩的成分接近玄武岩,存在LREE富集和略亏损平坦两种类型。岩石地球化学特征表明榆树沟和铜花山的蛇绿岩形成于MOR构造环境,但具有受俯冲带流体改造特征,并伴生有岛弧火山岩。     

甘肃红石山地区蛇绿混杂岩地质特征

红石山蛇绿混杂岩产出于塔里木板块北缘红石山深大断裂带中。其物质组成反映出该杂岩形成于小洋盆环境。时代为早石炭世晚期，后经历了至少3期构造变形变质作用的叠加与改造。于二叠纪晚期运移至地表。作者进一步论述了红石山蛇绿岩的组成及变形变质特征，为研究北山北带提供了最新资料。     

内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩形成时代及构造启示

贺根山蛇绿岩位于兴蒙造山带北缘,发育完整的地幔橄榄岩、堆晶岩和基性熔岩组合,伴生有放射虫硅质岩,但贺根山蛇绿岩的形成时代一直存在争议,给兴蒙造山带北部构造演化阶段划分造成了很大障碍。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,贺根山蛇绿岩中辉长闪长岩(341±3Ma)和玄武岩(359±5Ma)结晶年龄为早石炭世早期,同时玄武岩继承锆石峰值年龄为晚泥盆世早期(375±2Ma),这些继承锆石呈短柱状、棱角状,生长环带宽缓,多为补丁状、平坦状,为典型的基性岩浆锆石,表明最迟在晚泥盆世早期洋壳物质已经开始形成。上石炭统格根敖包组火山岩与蛇绿岩局部呈喷发不整合接触,该组的晶屑凝灰岩夹层时代为晚石炭世(323±3Ma),提供了蛇绿岩构造侵位年龄的上限。因此,将贺根山蛇绿岩形成时代定为晚泥盆世-早石炭世,侵位时代为晚石炭世。侵入地幔橄榄岩中的部分基性岩脉时代为早白垩世(132±1Ma、139±3Ma和120±1Ma),它们含有大量继承锆石(144±1Ma~2698±25Ma),继承锆石峰值年龄密切响应了兴蒙造山带北部早白垩世之前复杂的岩浆及构造事件,这些基性岩脉是燕山期伸展环境下的岩浆产物,并非早白垩世蛇绿岩。结合前人的工作成果和区域岩浆岩、地层时空分布特征,建立了兴蒙造山带北部晚古生代构造演化历程:二连贺根山一线早泥盆世处于剥蚀阶段,中泥盆世陆壳拉张出现新生洋盆,晚泥盆世早期洋盆持续扩张形成新生洋壳,早石炭世晚期洋壳开始向北俯冲消减,并持续增生至西伯利亚活动陆缘,晚石炭世洋盆陆续闭合,部分已经构造侵位的蛇绿岩被晚石炭世火山岩不整合覆盖,贺根山蛇绿岩正是该洋盆的残余产物。     

甘肃红石山蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造环境

红石山蛇绿岩产出于塔里木板块北缘红石山深大断裂带中,主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长岩和玄武岩组成。玄武岩的主要地球化学特征与MORB相似,微量元素特征表明它属N-MORB。结合区域地质特征,认为红石山蛇绿岩早期为初始洋盆环境,晚期有洋脊扩张中心环境的玄武岩形成。早石炭世早期是洋盆发育的全盛期,早石炭世晚期洋壳发生消减,于二叠纪晚期构造侵位,伴有绿片岩相变质作用。     

Petrogenetic Evolution of the Bayan Gol Ophiolite— Geological Record of an Early Carboniferous "Red Sea Type"Ocean Basin in the Tianshan Mountains, Northwestern China

The Bayan Gol ophiolite fragment is a portion of the North Tianshan Early Carboniferous ophiolite belt. This ophiolite belt represents a geological record of an Early Carboniferous “Red Sea type” ocean basin that was developed on the northern margin of the Tianshan Carboniferous-Permian rift system in northwestern China. The late Early Carboniferous Bayan Gol ophiolite suite was emplaced in an Early Carboniferous rift volcanosedimentary succession of shallow-marine to continental facies (Volcanics Unit). Ophiolitic rocks in the Bayan Gol area comprise ultramafic rocks, gabbros with associated plagiogranite veins, diorite, diabase, pillow basalts and massive lavas. The Early Carboniferous tiffing and the opening process of the North Tianshan ocean basin produced mafic magmas in composition of tholeiite and minor amounts of evolved magmas. Compositions of trace elements and Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes reveal the presence of two distinct mantle sources: (1) the Early Carboniferous rift mafic lavas from the Volcanics Unit were generated by a relatively low degree of partial melting of an asthenospheric OIB-type intraplate source; (2)younger (late Early Carboniferous, -324.8 Ma ago) mafic lavas from the Ophiolite Unit were formed in a relatively depleted MORB-like mantle source, located in the uppermost asthenosphere and then gradually mixed with melts from the asthenospheric OIB-like mantle. A slight interaction between asthenosphere-derived magmas and lithospheric mantle took place during ascent to the surface. Subsequently, the most depleted mafic lavas of the ophiolite assemblage were contaminated by upper-crustal components (seawater or carbonate crust).     

兴蒙陆内造山带

本文提出了"兴蒙陆内造山带"的新概念(Xing-Meng Intracontinent Orogenic Belt,XMIOB),从大地构造、沉积建造、岩浆作用和变质作用等方面论述了XMIOB从晚古生代到中生代初的陆内伸展及陆内造山过程,为探讨晚古生代构造演化提供了新模式。根据对内蒙古中西部晚古生代构造格局的总体认识,可将XMIOB划分为五个构造单元即:早石炭世二连-贺根山裂谷带、晚石炭世陆表海盆地、早二叠世艾力格庙-二连伸展构造带、早-中二叠世盆岭构造带和晚二叠世索伦山-乌兰沟伸展构造带。晚石炭世末-二叠纪在兴蒙造山带基底上发育三期伸展构造:第一期见于内蒙古北部二连-艾力格庙地区,形成陆内裂谷盆地及其盆缘三角洲沉积,发育时代为302～298Ma;第二期在内蒙古中西部广泛分布,以隆起与凹陷相间分布的盆岭构造为特征,发育时代为290～260Ma;第三期见于内蒙古南部索伦山到温都尔庙乌兰沟一带,形成主动裂谷背景下的红海型小洋盆,发育时代为260～250Ma。晚古生代与伸展过程有关的岩浆活动可分四期:1)早石炭世贺根山期:以蛇绿岩为主,发育于具有前寒武纪古老基底和早古生代造山带年轻基底的陆壳伸展区; 2)晚石炭世达青牧场期:主要沿北造山带分布,以基性和酸性岩浆构成的双峰式侵火成岩为特征; 3)早二叠世大石寨期:形成的岩石种类多样,分布广泛,包括双峰式火山岩、双峰式侵入岩和碱性岩; 4)二叠纪末-三叠纪初索伦山期:形成陆缘型蛇绿岩或基性岩-超基性岩组合,产生于软流圈上涌造成的主动裂谷背景。兴蒙陆内造山带的构造变形可分为两期,第一期为晚古生代地层大范围褶皱变形,造成盆-岭构造带的缩短;第二期为沿盆-岭构造的边界强烈剪切变形,产生向东逃逸的挤出构造,其构造背景是北部蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山带和南部大别-秦岭中央造山带的远距离效应引起的被动闭合作用。兴蒙陆内造山带的变质作用分为两个阶段,早期变质作用主要表现为石炭纪期间与陆内伸展有关的低压高温变质,晚期为二叠纪末到三叠纪初区域大面积的低压绿片岩相变质以及沿构造边界的局部中-低压型低温变质。     

内蒙古迪彦庙蛇绿岩带达哈特前弧玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古SSZ型迪彦庙蛇绿岩位于兴蒙造山带北部的二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带。笔者最近在迪彦庙蛇绿岩带西侧达哈特一带新发现前弧枕状玄武岩。该玄武岩岩性为低钾拉斑玄武岩,发育球颗结构和枕状构造。通过LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得玄武岩中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为333.4±8.5Ma。岩石SiO_2 42.97%~50.9%,较低的TiO_2 0.59%~0.94%,富Na_2O(1.58%~4.26%)而贫K_2O(0.04%~0.44%),Na_2O/K_2O为9.59~47.3;岩石具有亏损型稀土配分模式,类似N-MORB,但高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta和Ti等比N-MORB稍低,相容元素Cr、Ni和大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba、U比N-MORB稍高,与弧拉斑玄武岩相似。地球化学特征指示达哈特枕状玄武岩兼有洋中脊与岛弧双重特性,而更像洋中脊,与马里亚纳前弧玄武岩(FAB)相一致。这一发现为明确二连-贺根山蛇绿岩带早石炭世存在前弧玄武岩提供了岩石学、年代学和地球化学佐证,表明二连-贺根山洋早石炭世发生了洋内初始俯冲和洋陆转化岩浆作用。     

二连—贺根山缝合带晚石炭世埃达克岩的发现及古亚洲洋洋内俯冲作用

内蒙古二连—贺根山缝合带额很傲包图英云闪长岩体,出露于西乌旗梅劳特乌拉SSZ型蛇绿岩带北侧。为了确定该岩体的岩石成因类型,探讨其构造环境及古亚洲洋俯冲消亡过程,对该岩体进行了岩石学、地球化学和LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。额很傲包图英云闪长岩高硅富铝,富钠贫钾,高锶低钇,富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和HREE,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,该英云闪长岩体为高Si埃达克岩(HSA),形成于岛弧环境,具有洋内俯冲洋壳+俯冲深积物部分熔融并与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩反应成因特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,额很傲包图英云闪长岩体的侵位年龄为(305.6±1.5)Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世。结合二连—贺根山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化特征,认为古亚洲洋二连—贺根山洋盆在石炭纪—早二叠世处于以洋内俯冲为特征的大洋俯冲消亡过程中。     

青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山二叠纪蛇绿岩岩石学和同位素定年

果干加年山二叠纪蛇绿岩是龙木错-双湖板块缝合带近期的新发现。通过详细的野外地质调查,查明了果干加年山地区二叠纪蛇绿岩出露规模较大,主要由堆晶辉长岩、基性岩墙群、玄武岩等组成。蛇绿岩辉长岩墙获得SIMS锆石年龄272.9Ma±1.8Ma,时代为早二叠世。果干加年山二叠纪蛇绿岩记录了二叠纪早期冈瓦纳大陆北缘发生了一次规模较大的构造事件,为探讨和建立古特提斯洋构造演化的时空模型提供了重要信息。     

Geochemistry and U–Pb detrital zircon dating of Paleozoic graywackes in East Junggar,NW China: Insights into subduction–accretion processes in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is characterized by multiple and linear accretionary orogenic collages, including Paleozoic arcs, ophiolites, and accretionay wedges. A complex history of subduction–accretion processes makes it difficult to distinguish the origin of these various terranes and reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the southern CAOB. In order to provide constraints on the accretionary history, we analyzed major and trace element compositions of Paleozoic graywackes from the Huangcaopo Group (HG) and Kubusu Group (KG) in East Junggar. The HG graywackes have relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values (50 to 66), suggesting a source that underwent relatively weak chemical weathering. The identical average Index of Compositional Variability (ICV) values (~ 1.1) for both the KG and HG samples point to an immature source for the Paleozoic graywackes in East Junggar, which is consistent with an andesitic–felsic igneous source characterized by low La/Th ratios and relatively high Hf contents. These graywackes are geochemically similar to continental island arc sediments and therefore were probably deposited at an active continental margin. U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the lower subgroup of the HG yielded a young age peak at ~ 440 Ma, indicating a post-Early Silurian depositional age. However, the youngest populations of detrital zircons from the KG graywackes and the upper subgroup of the HG yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of ~ 346 Ma and ~ 355 Ma, respectively, which suggest a post-Early Carboniferous depositional age. Because of similarities of rock assemblages, these two units should be incorporated into the Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Formation. The detrital zircon age spectrum of the Early Paleozoic HG graywackes resembles that of the Habahe sediments in the Chinese Altai, which suggests that the ocean between East Junggar and the Chinese Altai was closed before the deposition of the sediments and that the Armantai ophiolite was emplaced prior to the Early Devonian. The differences in age spectra for detrital zircons from the post-Early Carboniferous graywackes in East Junggar and the Harlik arc indicate that the emplacement of the Kalamaili ophiolite postdates the Early Carboniferous. Therefore, a long-lasting northward subduction–accretion process is suggested for the formation of East Junggar and the reconstruction of the Early Paleozoic evolution of the southern CAOB.     

Late Paleozoic subduction system in the northern margin of the Alxa block,Altaids: Geochronological and geochemical evidences from ophiolites

The northern margin of the Alxa block (NMAB), located in the southernmost part of the Altaids, is important for understanding the tectonic processes associated with the closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean. In this study, we report results from our studies on two ophiolitic belts (the Enger Us and Quagan Qulu ophiolitic belts) to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Altaids. The tectonic blocks in the Enger Us ophiolite are mainly composed of ultramafic and mafic rocks, with a matrix comprising highly deformed Carboniferous clastic rocks and tuffs. Zircons from a pillow lava sample yielded SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 302 ± 14 Ma. Massive and pillow basalts in the Enger Us ophiolite exhibit N-MORB geochemical affinities, displaying high TiO₂ and low K₂O contents with tholeiitic signatures. They are characterized by depletion of light rare earth elements (LREEs) without fractionation of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and negative Nb–Ta anomalies. It is inferred that the magmas of these rocks were derived from a depleted mantle source in a mid-ocean ridge setting. The Quagan Qulu ophiolite is composed of tectonic blocks, including ultramafic, gabbros and siliceous rocks, and matrix, including deformed clastic rocks and limestones. Zircons in a gabbro sample from the Quagan Qulu ophiolite yielded SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 275 ± 3 Ma. The gabbros show high MgO contents, compatible elements (Ni, Co, Sc, and V), and Al₂O₃/TiO₂ ratios, but low TiO₂ and SiO₂ contents. They are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in LREEs and HFSEs, indicating that they were derived from an extremely depleted mantle source which was infiltrated by a subduction-derived fluid or melt. Our geochemical data suggest that gabbros in the Quagan Qulu ophiolite were formed in a back-arc basin setting. A synthesis of evidence from geochemistry, regional geology, and paleobiogeography support the notion that the Enger Us ophiolitic belt represents the major suture of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the NMAB and the Quagan Qulu ophiolitic belt represents a back-arc basin. These two ophiolitic belts, together with the Zongnaishan–Shalazhashan arc have been suggested to be a late Paleozoic ocean-arc–back-arc basin system in the southernmost part of the Altaids. The geochronological data suggest that the subduction process occurred even in the early Permian, indicating that the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean might have taken place later than the early Permian.