海平面升降变化对贵州紫云礁体生长的控制

以贵州紫晚二叠世碳酸盐台地边缘礁为例,运用高频层序地层学原理和方法,精细地划分了紫云礁层序的各级单元,并对其内部沉积构成进行了详细研究,探讨海平面和变化对礁体生长的控制,研究结果表明,晚二叠世紫云礁 合体为发育在台地边缘坡折带的一个三级层序,由１３个准层序组成,并可识别出低位、海侵、高位３个体系域,低位期的下切谷 边缘坡折带碳酸盐台地的暴露、海侵期和高位期礁的３种生长方式的增生及每种生长方式的特定     

贵州紫云二叠纪生物礁的基本特征及其发育规律

贵州紫云二叠纪生物礁是我国二叠纪发育最好的生物礁之一。该地区生物礁包括茅口阶堤礁、吴家坪阶珊瑚层、长兴阶堤礁和点礁。本文通过大比例尺地质填图和剖面测量，系统地研究了该地区生物樵的沉积学特征和古生物学特征，建立了成因模式。研究结果表明，紫云二叠纪生物礁类型较多。礁组合相带齐全，礁骨架结构极为典型，古岩溶十分发育。生物礁发育程度具有明显的旋回性，海平面的相对变化和古气候是控制生物礁发育的主要因素。     

东昆仑马尔争早中二叠世生物礁及其层序地层研究

通过东昆仑马尔争地区早中二叠世生物礁地层剖面的深入研究, 详细阐述了东昆仑马尔争早中二叠世生物礁的基本特征、生物礁的演化和层序地层, 根据岩石组合特征、生物群落及海平面变化划分了12个造礁旋回, 归纳出5个三级层序, 并将东昆仑早中二叠世生物礁与扬子地台的二叠纪生物礁进行比较研究, 提出了造山带活动大陆边缘生物礁发育的基本规律.      

湖南慈利晚二叠世海绵礁与珊瑚礁的古生态研究

中国南方晚二叠世生物礁分布广泛，但绝大多数属于海绵礁，湖南慈利晚二叠世除发育有海绵礁外，还有至今为止发现的世界上发育最好的古代珊瑚礁，而且海绵礁与珊瑚礁在同一条带上连续分布；因此是研究海绵礁与珊瑚礁古生态关系十分理想的场所，通过对慈利晚二叠世海绵礁及珊瑚礁内部造礁生物群落、沉积相特征，礁化演化序列及成岩作用特征等的分析和对比来研究它们之间的生态关系，发现其中的海绵礁为台地边缘礁，而珊瑚礁则应属于岸     

Record of climatic change in neritic carbonates: turnover in biogenic associations and depositional modes (Late Miocene,southern Spain)

In order to evaluate the geological record of climatic change in neritic carbonates, we studied Late Miocene rock outcrops in southern Spain. Six episodes of reef growth are documented (Burdigalian to Messinian) in Neogene basins of the Betic Cordillera, which were located close to the margin of the global reef belt. The reefs are characterized by various zooxanthellate corals which decrease in diversity with time, andHalimeda; the youngest reefs of the latest Messinian are characterized by the dominance of the genusPorites. Late Miocene coral reefs and reef-rimmed platforms alternate over time with non-reefal carbonate ramps characterized by skeletal calcirudites or with gypsum such as that formed during the Messinian salinity crisis. The calcirudites lack reef corals, calcified green algae and extensive marine cement, but exhibit skeletal components described from both modern and fossil nontropical carbonates. These include bryozoans, mollusks, foraminifers, echinoderms and minor balanids, as well as coralline algae of a bryomol association. The presence of some larger foraminifers indicates high temperatures, close to the lower temperature threshold of the reef assemblage. Sea level lowstands and highstands are documented by wedges of bryomol carbonate and chlorozoan patch reefs or prograding platforms. Thus, temperate climate depositional modes correspond to relatively low sea levels, and warm-water modes to high sea levels. The Neogene infill of the Agua Amarga and Sorbas basins documents two of these cycles. Other climate/sea-level cycles (including Messinian gypsum in the cool water depositional mode) are well established in adjacent Neogene basins in southern Spain. This type of composite sequence seems to occur only along the margin of the global reef belt and indicates an oscillatory latitudinal movement of the margin, which is associated with global climatic change. The analysis of turnover in neritic depositional carbonate systems may therefore be considered a sensitive tool for reconstructing climatic change from the fossil record. However, warm-water modes and temperate-water modes of carbonate sedimentation and diagenesis differ significantly. For this reason the interpretation of composite system sequences by sequence stratigraphy requires an extended concept. The particular type of mixed bryomolchlorozoan depositional sequence also bears some potential for drowning, because sea level rise may be faster than the net production rate of temperate carbonate systems.     

Microfacies models and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Oligocene–Miocene Qom Formation, south of Qom City, Iran

The OligoceneeMiocene Qom Formation has different depositional models in the Central Iran,SanandajeSirjan and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc provinces in Iran.The Kahak section of the Qom Formation in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc has been studied,in order to determinate its microfacies,depositional model and sequence stratigraphy.The textural analysis and faunal assemblages reveal ten microfacies.These microfacies are indicative of five depositional settings of open marine,patch reef,lagoon,tidal flat and beach of the inner and middle ramp.On the basis of the vertical succession architecture of depositional system tracts,four third-order sequences have been recognized in the OligoceneeMiocene Kahak succession of Qom Formation.Based on the correlation charts,the transgression of the Qom Sea started from the southeast and continued gradually towards the north.This resulted in widespread northward development of the lagoon paleoenvironment in the Aquitanian-Burdigalian stages.Also,the sequence stratigraphic model of the OligoceneeMiocene Qom Formation has an architecture similar to those that have developed from OligoceneeMiocene global sea level changes.     

黔南桂中地区二叠纪—中三叠世沉积充填特征及演化过程

对野外露头、钻井剖面进行了层序界面识别和层序地层分析,重新厘定了研究区二叠系—中三叠统不同相区的地层划分对比方案,将研究区二叠系—中三叠统划分出2个超层序和19个三级层序;以超层序体系域为编图单元,编制了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世层序岩相古地理图,系统揭示了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世各超层序的不同体系域的相带发育规律;分析了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世3个盆地演化阶段(被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段、弧后裂谷盆地阶段、前陆盆地阶段)的盆地充填特征,并建立了相对海平面升降过程中的沉积充填过程及动态演化模式,提出了研究区被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段和弧后裂谷盆地阶段的低位期为盆-隆相间期,海侵期为台-盆相间的建设期,高位期为台-盆相间格局定型期,中三叠世的受印支运动破坏了台-盆相间格局,转化为前陆盆地的浊积岩沉积。     

鄂西利川见天坝长兴组生物礁内部构成及成礁模式

鄂西利川见天坝位于川东碳酸盐岩台地与鄂西海槽之间的台地边缘相带,晚二叠世长兴期该区水体逐渐由深变浅,发育了一套规模巨大的加积—进积型台地边缘生物礁沉积。通过野外露头剖面精细地质写实研究,对该区生物礁内部构成特征进行了深入解剖,探讨了该区生物礁发育模式。研究表明利川见天坝生物礁礁体位于长兴组层序1的高位体系域,其内部由4...     

开江—梁平台内海槽东段长兴组层序—岩相古地理特征

通过沉积相和层序地层分析,将开江—梁平台内海槽东段长兴组层序划分为一个Ⅱ型三级层序和陆棚边缘（SMST）、海侵（TST）和高位（HST）三个体系域。以体系域为等时地层单元编制的岩相古地理图,表明四川盆地东北部晚二叠世长兴期碳酸盐岩沉积具有槽—台相间的古地理格局,其中:SMST沉积时,研究区自西南向北东方向依次发育有开江—梁平台内海槽和川东北开阔台地相带;TST沉积时,海水由西北往东南向侵进,各种沉积相带发育齐全,在槽—台相间的古地理格局背景上,于槽—台过渡带发育有台地边缘生物礁和浅滩相带,该相带也是最有利储层发育的相带;HST沉积时的沉积特征和展布格局与TST时期基本一致,但因受到晚二叠世末期构造抬升和侵蚀作用影响,所保存的地层很薄,台地边缘生物礁和浅滩基本不发育。     

华南二叠-三叠系的成因地层序列及古特提斯海重建

总结各类沉积盆地的沉积和地层格架，厘定出６类等时性地层界面和５个级别的成因地层单位，在分析地层界面性质和各类成因地层单位沉积构成的基础上，将华南二叠－三叠系划分为７个沉积幕、３个构造沉积幕和２个沉积盆地域、恢复了华南板块二叠－三叠纪的演化过程，论述了板块构造运动，海平面升降和源区侵蚀作用对各级成因地层单位的控制意义，证明了华南的古特提斯海经历了陆表海和伸展裂谷海两个演化阶段。     

长江中游地区晚二叠世生物碳酸盐岩岩隆生成机制

长江中游地区江南古陆的两侧（尤其是北侧）晚二叠世生物碳酸盐岩岩隆发育。慈利、辰溪和清水岩等地出露海-藻礁和珊瑚礁。本文论述了生物碳酸盐岩岩隆和生物礁在该地区出露的地质条件、地层层序和沉积体系、生物面貌、生物-微相等实际资料，分析了成岩作用和孔隙度的变化。通过原始沉积厚度恢复了海平面谱化和基底沉降的相对值。最后讨论了它们生成的控制条件。     

南秦岭古生代沉积盆地构造活动-海平面变化与沉积响应

位于扬子地台北部被动边缘的南秦岭镇安、旬阳古生代沉积盆地,发育一套早古生代—中生代一套碳酸盐岩夹细碎屑岩沉积,其沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序及沉积体系域发育清楚,海平面变化敏感,是研究海平面变化与沉积响应较理想的地区。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征及侧向变化分析,初步划分出了10个层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面。盆地沉积演化与构造体制、区域性构造运动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,恢复海平面变化细节,建立岩石地层、年代地层格架,从微观上准确了解区域海平面敏感变化,确切刻画古气候、古地理、古环境,从而更好的预测沉积矿产。     

华北石炭二叠纪海平面变化对聚煤作用的控制

根据层序地层研究,华北石炭二叠纪沉积建造形成于一个二级海平面变化周期内,其中包括4个三级和26个四级海平面变化旋回,而几次大的聚煤作用都发育在三级海平面下降至上升的转折时期,在层序地层格架中处于高位体系域的顶部。薄煤层的形成与四级海平面变化旋回相对应,发育于准层序的顶部。聚煤作用的发育受到海平面变化的控制,海平面变化提供了有机质堆积的潜在容纳空间,海平面升降周期的长短决定了聚煤作用持续发育的时间,周期性的海平面变化控制了聚煤作用的时空演化。      

Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

The Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation corresponds to a second-order depositional sequence that formed within a continental shelf setting under relatively low-rate conditions of positive accommodation (< 200 m during 3–6 My). This overall trend of base-level rise was interrupted by three episodes of base-level fall that resulted in the formation of third-order sequence boundaries. These boundaries are represented by subaerial unconformities (replaced or not by younger transgressive wave ravinement surfaces), and subdivide the Bahariya Formation into four third-order depositional sequences.

The construction of the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Bahariya Formation is based on the lateral and vertical changes between shelf, subtidal, coastal and fluvial facies, as well as on the nature of contacts that separate them. The internal (third-order) sequence boundaries are associated with incised valleys, which explain (1) significant lateral changes in the thickness of incised valley fill deposits, (2) the absence of third-order highstand and even transgressive systems tracts in particular areas, and (3) the abrupt facies shifts that may occur laterally over relatively short distances. Within each sequence, the concepts of lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts are used to explain the observed lateral and vertical facies variability.

This case study demonstrates the usefulness of sequence stratigraphic analysis in understanding the architecture and stacking patterns of the preserved rock record, and helps to identify 13 stages in the history of base-level changes that marked the evolution of the Bahariya Oasis region during the Early Cenomanian.     

皖南地区二叠纪层序地层研究

以层序地层学理论为基础 ,根据皖南地区二叠系钻孔、测井和露头剖面等资料 ,详细研究了该区二叠纪层序地层及海平面变化 ,划分了沉积层序和沉积体系域 ,探讨了界面性质、层序类型及层序特征。本区二叠系可划分出 2个 级和 4个 级层序。2个 级层序的时限分别对应早二叠世和晚二叠世 ,这与中国南方二叠纪构造旋回盆地变更时限相一致。 4个 级层序分别对应于栖霞阶、茅口阶、龙潭阶和长兴阶。栖霞阶和龙潭阶为 类沉积层序 ,其层序底界为类型 界线不整合 ;茅口阶和长兴阶为 类层序 ,其底界为类型 界线不整合。区内低水位体系域不发育 ,沉积层序基本上由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成。二叠纪存在四次三级海平面变化周期和二次二级海平面变化周期 ,后者可能与全球海平面升降有关。早二叠世早期的海侵及晚期的海退可能代表大区域性的海平面升降。     

雪峰山西侧地区中上寒武统——层序地层学特征及层序格架

综合利用沉积学、岩石矿物学、碳同位素地球化学等分析手段,对研究区中-上寒武统层序地层学特征进行了分析。结果表明:中-上寒武统可以划归为1个二级层序和5个三级层序,在二级层序时限范围内,浅水相区经历了由局限台地潮坪→开阔台地→局限台地潮坪的沉积演化,斜坡过渡带则经历了由台地边缘→前缘缓斜坡→台地边缘的演化,研究区东南部的深水相区则由深陆棚→盆地→浅水陆棚组成。三级层序海侵体系域中沉积的颗粒白云岩、叠层石礁以及晚期高水位体系域中形成的溶孔白云岩、岩溶角砾白云岩的层位具有重要的油气勘探潜力,是值得关注和研究的领域。     

中国南方二叠纪层序地层时空格架及充填特征

据华南二叠纪不同沉积盆地层序地层区域分布、纵向演化及其充填特征分析研究,初步建立了上扬子克拉通-右江盆地-钦防盆地、中扬子克拉通及全区的层序地层时空格架模型;提出层序充填可分为两个阶段:早二叠世碳酸盐缓坡-台地层序充填阶段,晚二叠世陆源碎屑为主与火山碎屑相混层序充填阶段;认为全区二叠纪四个Ⅰ型层序受控于构造隆升事件,晚二叠世层序TST普遍发育火山碎屑沉积,古陆边缘HST或少量SMT/LST大多由三角洲沉积体系进积叠加而成,上扬子克拉通及右江地区的生物礁以海侵和高位型为特色。     

广西上二叠统层序地层格架

在详细研究广西上二叠统碳酸盐岩、硅质岩和陆源碎屑岩沉积体系的基础上，通过高分辨等时地层界面的追踪和层序地层对比，建立了不同相区沉积体系在等时地层格架内的空间配置，进而识别出１个二级层序和５个三级层序，每个层序的形成都同时受到全球海平面升降，盆地基底沉降、沉积物充填的控制，在层序发展的不同阶段，受控的主导因素有别，从而形成不同样式的层序构成。     

鄂西—渝东晚二叠世长兴期古地理格局及生物礁展布的再认识*

通过地层、古生物、地震相、地震属性分析,笔者发现了利川和石柱地区存在晚二叠世长兴期台内盆地的证据,并分别命名为利川台内盆地和石柱台内盆地。基于上述证据和前人研究成果,对鄂西—渝东地区的古地理格局及生物礁展布提出了新的认识:利川台内盆地、石柱台内盆地及鄂西盆地共同控制了鄂西—渝东地区晚二叠世长兴期台盆相间的古地理格局,生物礁主要沿这3个盆地边缘呈带状展布;鄂西盆地在长兴组一段沉积时期形成,该台地边缘坡度较陡,发育陡坡型生物礁;利川台内盆地和石柱台内盆地分别形成于长兴组一段和组二段沉积时期,其台地边缘坡度较缓,分别发育长一期和长二期缓坡型生物礁。与缓坡型生物礁相比,陡坡型生物礁横向及纵向发育规模更大。     

鄂西二叠系生物礁的基本特征及其发育规律

鄂西二叠系生物礁分布于利川县境,它是由海绵、水螅等造架生物组成的典型的生物礁,其层位属晚二叠世长兴组,出露于见天坝、黄泥塘等地(图1)。此生物礁从出露之完整、化石之丰富、结构之清楚来看,是我国最发育的生物礁之一。