基于经济发达地区发展要求的土地整治模式研究

不同地区因经济发展差异,土地利用方式有显著区别,在土地整治的模式选择上也存在不同。经济发达地区的经济转型,特别是现代农业服务业的发展、生态环境的改善需求以及建设用地指标紧张等因素,都对土地整治提出更高要求。以上海为例,基于土地整治潜力、单位投资成本等方面的分析,认为土地整治应以建设用地复垦为主,并提出具体实施的对策建议。     

莒县土地整治和占补平衡工作的探讨

通过对低效利用、不合理利用、未利用土地进行田、水、路、林、村整治挖潜,切实提高土地利用效率;通过农村建设用地挖潜利用规划,出台了专门的规范性文件,建立了专门的土地整治资金筹措机制;充分尊重群众意见,对安置区新房建设实行因地制宜、统一配套等手段,使土地综合整治在基层扎扎实实开展起来,有效地服务了新农村建设,增加了建设用地指标,保障地方经济社会发展,保护了有限的耕地资源,统筹了城乡土地配置,确保了全县耕地总量动态平衡。     

新时期上海土地整治工程体系的调整策略

中国宏观经济社会的变化赋予土地整治以新内涵、新目标和新任务,也对土地整治的工程体系提出了更高要求。在回顾分析土地整治目标任务与工程体系的关系基础上,结合新时期上海土地整治的新目标任务,提出了适合生态景观建设、现代农业发展、现代乡村发展和良好人居环境建设等三个方面的土地整治工程体系调整策略,丰富完善了上海土地整治工程体系。     

都市和城郊混合型县级土地整治规划编制重点——以大连市甘井子区为例

县级土地整治规划是土地整治项目立项及审批的基本依据,科学编制十分重要。笔者在全程参与编制大连市新一轮土地利用总体规划的基础上,通过调查研究,提出了以大连甘井子区为代表的都市和城郊混合型县级土地整治规划编制重点内容,希望能为县级土地整治规划的编制提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

土地整治与耕地质量的关系及其影响因素研究

以浙江省"十二五"土地开发、土地复垦、土地整理三类典型项目为案例,以典型项目区调查与线性回归模型为研究方法,分析土地整治与耕地质量的关系及其影响因素,为编制"十三五"土地整治规划提供决策参考。研究结果表明:土地整治与耕地质量存在一定的正相关关系;土地整治中各指标对耕地质量的影响方向、作用程度及显著性水平存在差异,其中土地整理项目中耕地质量主要受亩均投资、新增耕地率和新增农田水利灌溉面积等指标的影响,土地开发项目中耕地质量主要受土地平整面积、人均增收年收入和新增农田水利灌溉面积等指标的影响,土地复垦项目中耕地质量主要受土地垦殖率增量指标的影响。据此认为:土地整治是提高耕地质量、增加耕地生产能力的重要工程措施;应把高标准农田建设、土地复垦作为未来土地整治的重点类型,强化培肥和地力建设提升措施。     

土地整治研究进展综述与展望

我国土地整治于上世纪90年代后期提出并开始实施。十多年来,我国土地整治在提高农业综合生产能力、加快农业现代化、推进工业化和城镇化进程及实现城乡统筹发展等方面发挥了重要作用。随着土地整治工作的全面推进,土地整治日益受到专家学者的重视。文章系统总结了近年来国内外在土地整治模式、土地整治规划、土地整治评价、土地整治公众参与、土地整治工程技术、土地整治对生态环境影响等方面研究所取得的重要进展。基于我国土地整治工作在新形势下面临更加严峻挑战的背景,提出土地整治中土地财产权保护、生态文明建设、制度保障体系、工程技术支撑等重点研究方向。     

农村居民点用地整治潜力分析方法和应用实践——以上海市闵行区为例

农村居民点用地整治是提高农村土地集约化程度和用地效率,促进农村土地有序、合理科学利用,改善农村生活环境,建设社会主义新农村的重要手段,而土地整治潜力分析测算是编制土地整治规划和开展土地整治项目的重要前期研究,本文总结了农村居民点用地整治潜力分析方法并应用于实践,同时提出了农村居民点用地整治的政策措施。     

以城乡建设用地增减挂钩为基础开展新农村建设

以城乡建设用地增减挂钩为中心的农村土地整治整村推进,已成为我省土地集约节约利用工程和土地整治的一项重要工作,它不仅符合国家要求的土地节约集约利用原则,有力的支持了新农村城乡一体化建设,更成为了加快新农村规划建设行之有效地重要手段,开展农村宅基地整治,有利于集约、节约用地,缓解新增建设用地和耕地占补平衡的压力。     

国土资源部财政部联合下发通知要求加快编制实施土地整治规划大力推进高标准基本农田建设

日前,国土资源部与财政部联合下发《关于加快编制和实施土地整治规划大力推进高标准基本农田建设的通知》,要求加快编制和实施地方各级土地整治规划,大力推进土地整治,落实好4亿亩早涝保收高标准基本农田建设任务。《通知》要求,加快推进各级土地整治规划编制,切实提高规划的科学性、可行性和可操作性。地方各级土地整治规划,要以促进农业现代化和城乡统筹发展为出发点和落脚点,以建设4亿亩高标准基本农田为重点,     

国土资源部印发《高标准基本农田建设规范（试行）》我国首个高标准基本农田建设规范出台

日前,国土资源部印发《高标准基本农田建设规范（试行）》,明确了高标准基本农田建设的目标、任务、原则、建设内容与技术要求、建设程序等,首次从国家层面规范高标准基本农田建设工作。《规范》明确指出。高标准基本农田即一定时期内。通过土地整治建设形成的集中连片、设施配套、高产稳产、生态良好、抗灾能力强,与现代农业生产和经营方式相适应的基本农田。包括经过整治的原有基本农田和经整治后划入的基本农田。高标准基本农田建设则是以建设高标准基本农田为目标,依据土地利用总体规划和土地整治规划。     

The relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover in Guangzhou,China

The integration of remote sensing, geographic information system, landscape ecology and statistical analysis methods was applied to study the urban thermal environment in Guangzhou. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Build-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Barren Index (NDBaI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) were used to analyze the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and land use/land cover (LULC) qualitatively. The result revealed that, most urban built-up lands were located in the middle part, and high LST areas mostly and were in the middle and southern parts. Therefore, the urbanization and thermal environment in the middle and southern parts need to be determined. Land surface temperature increased with the density of urban built-up and barren land, but decreased with vegetation cover. The relationship between MNDWI and LST was found to be negative, which implied that pure water would decrease the surface temperature and the polluted water would increase the surface temperature. A multiple regression between LST and each indices as well as the elevation was created to elevate the urban thermal environment, which showed that NDVI, NDBI, NDBaI, MNDWI were effective indicators for quantifying LULC impacts on LST.     

Urban land use transformation and determinants of urban land use size in China

Astract Recent economic reforms and shifts in land use planning in China have greatly changed the size and structure of urban land use. In this paper, an overview of the problems in urban land use and the impacts of economic reforms and planning policies on rapid urban land expansion and structural transformation is outlined. This is followed by statistical analyses to reveal determinants of urban land size. The study shows that urban land use in China has been improved, and urban land use size is related to urban reforms, urban land use adjustment, as well as to population growth and economic development.     

阜新矿区地面塌陷灾害对土地生产力的影响

在研究地面塌陷对一个地区的影响时，一般只侧重于其对建筑物、铁路的影响，而对土地生产力影响的探讨和研究还不够深入。对于阜新矿区来说，地面塌陷对该区土地生产力的影响更是空白，前期的工作仅仅侧重于地面塌陷的调查，如果就地面塌陷对土地生产力的影响做一决的概括和分析，无疑会给今后治理由地面塌陷带来的灾害提供借鉴作用。本文结合大量实测、实算数据，应用土地复理论与方法对地面塌陷引起的土地侵蚀、土壤盐碱化、土壤湿度、土壤质量水平等四个方面做了较为系统的阐述，并对灾害的治理提出了见解。     

基于能值理论的采煤沉陷区土地复垦行为分析

利用能值分析方法揭示采煤沉陷区土地复垦行为特征,为采煤沉陷区土地复垦决策和土地利用导向提供科学依据。以徐州城北矿区复垦区为例,采用野外试验与能值理论分析相结合的方法,对采煤沉陷区土地复垦前后能值变化进行分析。结果表明:土地复垦是以人的价值行为为导向、自然资源为依托、生态系统流为骨架,来实现和提升采煤沉陷区生态经济系统功能;以恢复和提高区域生产力为价值导向的土地复垦行为可有效提高区域和产品服务功能,年净增加能值361.61×1016 sej;复垦后土地用途增加一定面积的鱼塘和储水区,在满足生产需求的同时,可提高区域水分涵养功能,年净增加能值4.6×1016 sej;土地复垦行为是通过调整采煤沉陷区土地利用结构、土地利用布局和土地利用行为,以实现生态经济系统能量流动与转换来增加区域生态经济系统能值。      

第二次全国土地调查之农村土地调查作业方法

本文主要通过施工区的全国土地调查之农村土地调查的作业过程和方法进行阶段性的归纳和总结。     

Monsoon and land use in Sri Lanka

Agricultural land use in Sri Lanka roughly shows a division of the island in two major parts, according to the climatic division into thr Wet and Dry Zones. Therefore, it is the ultimate, most important question for agricultural land use in Sri Lanka whether the seasonal occurrence of a distinct dry season, which is characteristic of the Dry Zone, is also the most delimiting factor for land use or not. It seems true, in fact, that the long SW monsoonal dry season in the Dry zone is the major fact for a large-scale division of Sri Lanka according to the crops under cultivation and the cropping systems. Paddy (rice) and tea are the leading crops in the Dry as well as Wet Zone. They are at the same time the crops with the greatest economic importance for the island: tea for the international market, rice for the national market. Thus, the main attention is drawn on specific climatic effects, in a large- and meso-(local-)scale, upon tea and paddy and their agroclimatic potential of cultivation. Besides this, also some effects of the monsoon climate of Sri Lanka upon animal husbandry, forestry and pests have been studied briefly, added finally by an outlook on the correlation between the monsoon climate and fishery even, as manifested in the phenomenon of migrating fishermen.     

The impact of land use and land cover changes on soil erosion in western Iran

Natural Hazards - Analysis of long-term land use and land cover (LULC) changes requires up-to-date remotely sensed data to assess their effects on erosion. This is a particularly important...     

Mining and spoiled land in Zambia: An example of conflicting land use in the third world

Mining of copper and other metals to a lesser extent is the mainstay of the Zambian economy. Copper is mined in the Copperbelt situated in the northern part of the country. It is not only the the most thickly populated part of the country but also the most urbanized. Urban centers developed with the mines as their nuclei and hence pose spatial problems between the needs of a rapidly increasing population on the one hand and the requirements of the mining industry on the other. The provision of raw material for the extractive industries is a geological one. Economic history shows the realization of these potentials and thirdly, lack of planning has permitted exploitation of minerals and dumping of wastes without much regard to reclamation. Spoilation of land by mining activity is mainly caused by the methods of mining as well as by the dumping of the solid and liquid wastes from the ore crushers and concentrators; while air pollution from sulphurdioxide and dust is from the smelters. Legislation has recently being enacted to regulate the dumping of wastes and for the reclamation of waste dumps. However, this has had only a minimal effect on the problem as yet. The soil from a dump which is ready for reclamation is analysed and methods of revegetating such a dump based on ecological principles is attempted. Finally, the conflict for land between the needs of a growing urban population and the requirements of the mining industry is discussed taking Kitwe, the capital of the Copperbelt as an example.     

坝上地区土地利用和覆被变化与土壤中养分动态的关联性

坝上地区位于北京北部、内蒙高原南部,为典型的农牧交错带,生态环境十分脆弱,对环境反映非常敏感,是研究环境变化最理想的地区。该区距京、津逾200km,又是京、津地区的水源地和生态屏障,区位十分重要。该区人少地多,土壤中很少施用化肥、农药,养分分析数据更趋于客观。历史上坝上地区主要是游牧区,仅有零星的农区分布。解放后该区土地利用有过几次大的变化。1949年时该区有耕地550万亩1),天然草场1300万亩,并且有达千亩、万亩大片的草场。20世纪60年代,围场县建设150万亩人工林区。