云南金宝山镁铁-超镁铁岩的地球化学特征及成因

金宝山超镁铁侵入岩赋存有超大型硫化物铂族元素矿床。单辉橄榄岩是岩区员主要的含矿岩石类型。根据单辉橄榄岩的矿物学、岩石学、岩石化学及微量元素地球化学特征，探讨岩浆的结晶分异演化过程，提出岩体的形成与岩浆结品分异有关，母岩浆成分为拉斑质玄武质岩浆。岩体高镁、高稀土总量，以及橄榄石与辉石的结构特征显示岩体是橄揽石、铬尖晶石等矿物与残留岩浆混合形成。     

云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体岩浆过程模拟

在已有云南鸡街碱性超基性杂岩体地质、地球化学资料基础上，本文利用岩石学混合计算等方法对杂岩体源区成分、结晶分异过程进行模拟。结果表明，鸡街杂岩体来源于亏损地幔；岩体中相对早期碱性超基性岩（主体岩石：霞霓纳辉岩、霓霞岩和磷霞岩）为很少或没有受到上部地壳物质污染的幔源岩浆结晶分异作用产物；晚期碱性中性岩（脉岩：钠霞正长岩和霓辉钠长斑岩）为幔源岩浆（与碱性超基性岩同源）演化过程中发生岩浆液态不混淆作用产物。     

利用熔浆热力学模型模拟金川岩体母岩浆成分和岩浆演化

岩体母岩浆成分是研究岩体形成的基础,而岩浆演化过程是岩体形成的关键,二者是岩石学家关注和研究的重点,也是一个难点.作为最具代表的"小岩体成大矿"的金川岩体,其成岩过程受到广大地质学家的密切关注.汤中立院士(1990;1995)经过长期的勘探和研究认为岩浆演化过程和硫化物熔离均发生在深部岩浆房,提出岩浆"深部分异-熔离,依次贯入"成岩成矿模式.Chai等(1992)则认为金川岩体是大型侵入岩墙的根部,为原地岩浆分异和硫化物熔离的产物,并提出金川岩体的母岩浆为高镁拉玄武岩.然而,进一步研究表明金川含矿岩体各主要岩相及矿体的产状和分布与原地结晶模式相矛盾,岩体硫化物熔离的深部岩浆房与岩浆侵位的浅部岩浆房在空间上是分离的(宋谢炎等,2005),岩体原生橄榄石Fo值表明橄榄石结晶于深部岩浆房(Chusi等,2004).     

高加索Eldjurti花岗岩体的生成环境及岩浆演化特征

Ｅｌｄｊｕｒｔｉ岩体是俄罗斯内高加索地区阿尔卑斯造山活动晚期形成的花岗岩体。笔者研究了岩体中部由钻孔构成深达５０００ｍ的垂直剖面中岩石的岩石化学特征及岩体的生成环境和岩浆演化特征，结果表明Ｅｌｄｊｕｒｔｉ花岗岩体分异成两个岩石化学特征不同的单元，相对偏在性，岩浆分异程度较左的浅部和偏酸性，岩浆分异程度较高的深部。浆结晶分异作用使熔体中Ａｌ，Ｍｇ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ，Ｎａ不断被消耗，Ｓｉ，Ｋ相对富集于残余熔     

小寺沟铜钼矿成岩-成矿系统浅析

河北小寺沟斑岩铜钼矿是华北地区一个大型铜钼矿床。本文通过分析小寺沟岩体地质特征,认为本岩体为脉动式侵入的浅成复式岩体,呈岩枝状产出,且岩石具典型的斑状结构;通过剖析岩体主量元素与稀土元素特征,认为属典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩;综合分异指数、Mg#指数和无铕异常等多方面特征,认为结晶分异作用在斑岩岩浆演化中不占主导地位,而岩浆来源于下地壳部分熔融与加入的玄武质岩浆。以上特征均与斑岩型铜钼矿床含矿岩体相当。最后,通过矿床硫同位素及硫化物稀土元素特征的研究,利用对比分析法,揭示研究大型斑岩型矿床的要素。     

镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体含矿性评价指标体系——应用于寻找岩浆硫化物矿床

为了能够快捷、经济地从众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体中筛选出有利于赋含岩浆硫化物矿床的岩体,尝试着论述了岩体含矿性评价指标体系。构成该体系的要素包括:构造环境、岩浆源区性质、原生岩浆、岩体类型、岩浆分异程度、质量平衡、岩浆含水量、同化混染、矿物学、造岩矿物晶体化学、主量元素地球化学和物化探异常等。该指标体系仅仅是初步建立,尚需一个不断深化、完善的过程。     

云南禄丰鸡街杂岩体中碱性超基性岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

本文总结了位于川滇裂谷带南段，滇中地区罗茨碱性超基性岩杂岩体群成员之一－鸡街杂岩体中碱性超基性岩的主要元素、过渡金属元素、大离子亲石元素、稀土元素和同位素地球化学特征；进而从原始岩浆确立、岩浆源岩模拟以及岩浆结晶分异作用等方面讨论了杂岩体中这类岩石的成因。     

山东邓格庄金矿与昆嵛山花岗岩的定位时代及其地质意义

昆嵛山花岗岩为中生代复式岩体，并非前寒武纪侵入体。邓格庄金矿的容矿岩体是昆嵛山复式岩的中期侵入体。对格庄金矿的定位年龄为１１８Ｍａ。含金热液不是容矿岩体直接分异出的岩浆期后热液。     

新街镁铁—超镁铁侵入体的铂族元素地球化学特征

采用镍硫试金预处理中子活化分析方法,系统测定了新街层状侵入体镁铁－超镁铁岩和与其有成因联系的玄武岩及正长岩的铂族元素含量,探讨了岩浆作用过程中铂族元素的地球化学行为。结果表明,新街岩体的铂元素分异特征与布什维尔德等铁质超镁铁岩相似,而明显不同于科马提岩和阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩,二叠系峨眉山玄武岩的铂族元素分异特征与新街岩体相似,再次证实二者为同源岩浆分异产物。     

大庙斜长岩杂岩体及铁磷矿的稀土元素地球化学研究

大庙斜长岩杂岩体是中国唯一的岩体型斜长岩杂岩体。稀土元素(REE)地球化学研究表明,控杂岩体中斜长岩、苏长岩、铁磷矿属同源斜长—苏(辉)长质岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。成岩(矿)作用具液态分异和结晶分异双重性。REE和Sc的丰度、Eu/Eu比值等参量能为铁磷矿勘查提供示踪判据。     

西藏某铬矿床成因分析

对于铬矿床,特别是对“非层状”超基性岩体内的铬矿床的成因和成矿规律,是一个尚未解决的地质问题。笔者在学习前人成果的基础上,根据1975—1977年的野外观察及室内鉴定分析,结合附生及造矿铬尖晶石类型、成矿与岩相及构造的关系,对西藏某铬矿床的成因进行了分析研究。     

Petrogenesis of the Greenhills Complex,Southland, New Zealand: magmatic differentiation and cumulate formation at the roots of a Permian island-arc volcano

A Permian (~265 Ma) intrusive complex which formed as a magmatic feeder reservoir to an immature island-arc volcano is fortuitously exposed in southern New Zealand. Known as the Greenhills Complex, this intrusion was emplaced at shallow crustal levels and consists of two layered bodies which were later intruded by a variety of dykes. Cumulates, which include dunite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbro, and hornblende gabbro-norite, are related products of parent-magma fractionation. Both primary (magmatic) and secondary platinum-group minerals occur within dunite at one locality. Using the composition of cumulus minerals, mafic dykes and melt inclusions, we have determined that the parent magmas of the complex were hydrous, low-K island-arc tholeiites of ankaramitic affinities. Progressive magmatic differentiation of this parent magma generated fractionated melt of high-alumina basalt composition which is now preserved only as dykes which cut the Complex. Field evidence and cumulus mineral profiles reveal that the magma chambers experienced turbulent magmatic conditions during cumulate-rock formation. Recharge of the chambers by primitive magma is likely to have coincided with eruption of residual melt at the surface. Similar processes are inferred to account for volcanic-rock compositions in other parts of this arc terrane and in modern island-arc systems.     

Chemical characteristics of minerals in ultrabasic rocks and their relations to metallogenesis

The most productive chromite ore deposits are formed through crystallization of chromite-ore magmas under definite physico-chemical conditions. The formation of chromite ore is controlled mainly by the degree of differentiation of ultrabasic magma. How to measure the degree of ultrabasic magmatic differentiation is key to understanding the mechanism of formation of chromite ore. Many geologists base their understanding of ultrabasic magmatic differentiation on whether there are obvious petrographical-facies zones in ultrabasic rocks. This viewpoint needs further discussing because most ultrabasic rock bodies showing petrographical zonation contain no mineral deposits. On the contrary mineral deposits may occur in the ultrabasic rocks without obvious petrographical zonation. Therefore, the author suggests to use the chemical characteristics of minerals to determine the degree of ultrabasic magmatic differentiation as a guide to search for chromite ore deposits.     

峨眉山玄武岩和白马层状岩体的铬镍地球化学

文章讨论了峨眉山玄武岩及白马基性、超基性岩体的微量元素地球化学特征。对Cr、Ni富集的地球化学条件进行了探讨,认为在母岩浆分离结晶早期形成的堆积层,即结晶度很小的橄榄岩有利于寻找富Cr、Ni层位。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区玉古萨依基性超基性岩体成因及构造意义

玉古萨依基性超基性杂岩体位于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格山西段玉古萨依地区。岩体侵入于祁漫塔格群变质砂岩中,由北西至南东方向岩性由超基性向基性过渡,可见明显的层状分异现象,普遍蚀变较强,辉石岩为主要的堆晶相。杂岩体岩石整体属于钙碱性系列,都属于富铁质或铁质基性超基性岩,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型。微量元素特征显示不同岩石类型均为同源岩浆演化的产物。岩体中角闪辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为406±2.6Ma,形成于早泥盆世早期。岩石地球化学特征显示岩体形成于板内伸展环境下,表明在该时期区域内已经为碰撞后的伸展阶段。本次研究发现该杂岩体应为祁漫塔格早古生代蛇绿构造混杂岩带中非蛇绿岩成因的镁铁-超镁铁质层状侵入体。     

Crystallization conditions of the alkaline-basic dike from the Yllymakh Massif,Central Aldan: Evidence from melt inclusion data in minerals

Alkaline-basic dike from the Yllymakh Massif (Central Aldan) has been studied. Its partially crystallized matrix contains corroded phenocrysts of olivine and hypidiomorphic phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and pseudo-, epileucite. It was found that phenocrysts of clinopyroxene contain abundant primary inclusions, Ti-magnetite and apatite bear only single inclusions, whereas olivine is enriched in secondary inclusions, which are confined to the cleavage of host mineral (along second and third pinacoids) and its cracks. The homogenization temperatures of the primary inclusions in clinopyroxene and secondary inclusions in olivine are approximately equal and lie within 1260–1240°C. The compositions of melt inclusions in olivine and clinopyroxene are also similar and corresponded to the malignite-pseudoleucite phonolite-monzonite pulaskites, which are developed at the Yllymakh Massif. Unheated inclusions in apatite and Ti-magnetite compositionally approach monzonites and nepheline syenites—tinguaites, respectively. It was concluded that the alkaline basaltoid magma was presumably parental magma for the entire rock complex of the Yllymakh Massif. Its crystallization and differentiation presumably provided all observed rock variety from ultrabasics (early derivatives located at depth) and malignites (later derivatives) to leucite phonolites, monzonites, and alkaline pulaskites, which were obtained during subsequent stages of the melt evolution. The parental magma, and especially its derivatives, were enriched in BaO (0.8–0.1 wt %), Cl (0.1–0.3 wt %) and trace elements (primarily, LREE and MREE), which are several times higher than mantle values. At the same time, ion microprobe (SIMS) study showed that derivative melts were dry: contained only 0.01–1.13 wt % H₂O. The trend of melts conserved in the minerals and the massif rocks corresponds to the evolution of alkalinebasaltoid magma with increase in Si, Al, alkalis and decrease in Mg, Ca, and Fe, i.e. the Bowen trend. The considered alkaline-basic dike was presumably formed from the derivative of leucite-phonolite melt, which during emplacement captured olivine xenocrysts from previously fractionated ultrabasic rocks. The parental magma was presumably derived by high-degree melting of garnet-spinel-facies depleted mantle at some influence of crustal material.     

宕昌好梯第三纪超镁铁质岩中巨晶及其形成条件

分布于好梯第三纪陆相地层中的超镁铁质岩属碱性超基性岩，为超镁铁煌斑岩。该岩石系中心式超基性火山爆发—喷溢产物。其产出与南北向幔型断裂活动和地幔部分熔融岩浆贯入密切相关。根据岩石组合及产状，好梯陆相超基性火山岩可分为火山颈相、喷发相和次火山岩相。其中火山颈相和喷发相内的碎屑熔岩含有大量的二辉橄榄岩包体，并与单斜辉石和橄榄石巨晶共生。研究结果表明，巨晶系岩浆在上地幔条件下结晶的高压产物     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,与构造带内一系列镁铁-超镁铁质岩体构成了东天山镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。黄山南岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年得到293.7±3.1Ma的加权平均年龄,显示其形成年龄为早二叠世。岩石样品镁铁比值m/f比值介于4.45~6.37之间,属于铁质超基性岩;利用橄榄石最高Fo值计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Mg~#值为0.70,表明其母岩浆成分与原生岩浆较为接近,具有高镁拉斑玄武岩质岩浆的性质,且演化程度较低或母岩浆有过剩橄榄石堆晶的加入。Ba/La、Ba/Nb、Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Th/Nb和Sm/Yb等微量元素比值表明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区可能为一被俯冲板片沉积物和流体改造过的较富集的岩石圈地幔。主量元素变化特征显示了岩浆结晶分异作用的一般特征;较高的Ba/Nb比值,相对高的La/Nb和低La/Ba值以及Ni-Ta-(Ti)元素的负异常表明岩浆上升过程中可能经历了地壳物质的混染作用。黄山南岩体年龄及岩石地球化学特征综合表明其能够代表东天山地区地幔岩浆演化早期阶段的产物,具有较好的成矿潜力。     

Ultrabasic magmas and high-degree melting of the mantle

As the degree of melting of mantle peridotite increases, the liquids that are formed become more basic and less viscous, and the spacing between residual crystals increases. The settling velocities of residual crystals in partial melts consequently will increase by several orders of magnitude, from 9.4 × 10^–4 cm/s to 4.3 × 10^–1 cm/s for a 1 cm olivine grain, as the proportion of liquid increases from 15 to 60%.To produce an ultrabasic komatiitic magma from a source with commonly assumed mantle composition requires 50 to 80% melting. Before this degree of melting can be reached, a highly fluid picritic magma produced by 30 to 50% melting will segregate from the source. Ultrabasic magmas probably form by a sequential melting process and are derived from a residuum composed of refractory minerals and trapped liquid left by previous episodes of partial melting and magma extraction. Trace element concentrations in ultrabasic komatiite lavas are consistent with this theory.     

牛鼻子梁镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体岩石特征

牛鼻子梁岩体位于柴达木地块的北缘,出露面积约8 km²,平面形态呈长条状,主要由斜长二辉橄榄岩、斜长单辉橄榄岩、角闪二辉橄榄岩、角闪橄榄岩、角闪橄榄二辉岩、黑云母化二辉岩、角闪辉石岩、橄榄辉石角闪石岩、角闪橄榄辉长岩、细粒辉长岩、似斑状辉长岩、暗色辉长岩、辉长岩、淡色辉长岩、石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩组成。文章通过岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究,得到锆石U-Pb年龄为（361.5±1.2） Ma,Sm-Nd等时线年龄为（347±26） Ma。研究认为,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性岩体含矿岩石产于大陆边缘环境。岩体形成于泥盆纪晚期。岩浆分异充分,岩石类型丰富,岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石和斜长石的分离结晶/堆晶作用。岩体的母岩浆应属于拉斑玄武岩质岩浆。从目前发现的矿化情况来看,牛鼻子梁基性-超基性杂岩体为含矿岩体,有很好的找矿前景。