内蒙古霍林河煤田霍林河组下含煤段成煤植物分析

本文主要根据煤中植物残体的研究—孢粉植物群特征、煤岩薄片中植物残体的类型及丝炭化木材的鉴定并结合非煤层植物群及矿化木的分析，论述了泥炭沼泽植物群落的组成及成煤物质的来源。指出松柏类和银杏类是主要的成煤植物。苏铁类和真蕨类亦参与了成煤。     

重庆中梁山矿区主要煤层的煤岩学和煤相特征

结合国际煤岩学会（ICCP）对显微组分的新分类系统,通过绘制显微组分三元图和煤相图,对重庆中梁山矿区主要煤层显微组分和煤相特征进行了研究。结果表明:该矿区宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,且构造煤较发育;显微组分中以镜质组为主,其中以基质镜质体和碎屑镜质体最为常见。煤相研究表明,本区主要煤层形成于下三角洲平原或下三角洲平原到陆相沉积的过渡环境,属于近陆相的低位沼泽环境,成煤环境受海水作用明显。      

云南第三纪浅角褐煤孔隙特征与成煤植物

运用电子显微技术与孔隙结构测试技术，结合孢粉组合分析方法，对云南第三纪浅角褐煤的的孔隙结构特征、成煤植物组成及孢粉组合特征等方面进行了较系统研究，并将上述结果与特殊植物成因泥炭进行了孔隙结构特征对比，在此研究基础上对浅色褐煤的成煤植物及煤的成因提出了新的认识。     

云南第三纪浅色褐煤孔隙特征与成煤植物

运用电子显微技术（ＴＥＭ及ＳＥＭ）与孔隙结构测试技术，结合孢粉组合分析方法，对云南第三纪浅色褐煤的孔隙结构特征、成煤植物组成及孢粉组合特征等方面进行了较系统研究，并将上述结果与特殊植物成因泥炭进行了孔隙结构特征对比，在此研究基础上对浅色褐煤的成煤植物及煤的成因提出了新的认识。     

《烟煤显微组分分类》和《显微煤岩类型分类》国家标准的相互关系

１引言显微组分是显微镜下可辨认的煤的有机成分。显微煤岩类型是煤的显微组分及矿物的天然组合 ,不同的显微煤岩类型反映出煤的地质成因、煤相、成煤原始物质和煤的化学工艺性质的差别。因此 ,进行显微煤岩类型分析对研究煤的聚积方式、煤相变化、煤层对比以及评价煤的可选性和炼焦工艺性质等都有实际意义。国际标准化组织（ＩＳＯ）也提出了显微煤岩类型的分类标准。我国的《显微煤岩类型分类》国家标准［１］中显微组分按三大组划分 :镜质组、壳质组、惰质组。但这与《烟煤显微组分分类》国家标准［２］的四分法不一致 ,缺少半镜质组—镜…     

济宁煤田煤中氯的分布、赋存及富集因素研究

氯是煤中普遍存在的一种元素, 氯的含量与分布影响着煤的加工与利用.通过对济宁煤田各主要可采煤层中氯含量的分析可知, 研究区属低氯煤层, 氯含量的高低及分布与煤层空间位置、成煤植物、沉积环境和地下水活动等因素有着重要的关系.同时, 对氯在煤中的赋存状态进行了研究, 通过氯与有机显微组分、灰产率等指标的相关性计算, 得出研究区煤中的氯与有机显微组分成正比, 与灰产率成反比, 说明氯主要存在于煤的有机质中, 并且主要是存在于镜质组分的微孔隙中.      

河南禹县煤矿区煤质特征与成煤环境的关系

咸水、半咸水及淡水成煤环境中形成的煤层,其硫含量变化趋势由高向低.灰成分的比值则由小至大.同一煤层中的硫含量变化与成煤沼泽的覆水深度呈正相关.煤层灰分的高低与成煤沼泽中的陆源碎屑的供应及沼泽水体的流通扩散状态有关.同一煤层中的灰分含量高低与成煤沼泽古地貌关系密切,反映了风携沉积物对煤中灰分的影响.     

云南第三纪浅色褐煤成煤物质及成因

运用煤岩分析及植物残体分析方法，结合电子显微技术（ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ）。对云南第三纪浅色褐煤的微结构特征，成煤植物组成，孢粉组合等进行了研究，并将浅色褐煤与深色褐煤分层及不同植物成因的泥炭进行了对比研究，在此基础上对浅色褐煤的成煤物质及煤的成因提出新的认识。     

论“沉煤环境——成煤类型——煤质特征”概略成因模型——煤的类型研究

本文是《实用煤相学》研究的另一篇论文，对组成不同煤相（Ⅰ１、Ⅰ２、Ⅱ和Ⅲ）的煤的类型进行了深入分析，论述了不同环境（煤相）决定了不同的成煤类型的观点。通过对不同煤型煤的显微组分（类脂组、镜质组和无机组分）组成和镜质组特征（荧光强度和反射率）的深入研究，划分出与四种煤相相对应的四种基本的类型：即强还原型腐泥煤或腐殖腐泥煤（Ⅰ１型）、强还原型腐泥腐殖煤或腐殖煤（Ⅰ２型）、较强还原型腐殖煤（Ⅱ型）和较弱还原型腐殖煤（Ⅲ型）。从而阐述了煤相与煤型之间的内在成因联系。为进一步表述“沉煤环境（煤相）—成煤类型（煤型）—煤质特征（煤质）”这一概略成因模型奠定了基础。     

山东兖州煤田16号煤层的成煤植物研究

采取多种手段相结合的研究方法,对山东兖州煤田16号煤层的成煤植物进行了详细的研究。研究了16号煤层中的煤核植物群,还通过孢粉分析及分散角质层的研究,对成煤植物群及其在垂向上的演化进行了细致的研究。结合煤岩光片中煤植体的研究,并对照煤系地层大化石所反映的成煤期前后的植物群面貌恢复了16号煤层的成煤植物群。分析并讨论了上述研究方法在反映成煤植物及其演化方面的作用,认为只有通过这种综合研究才可以较准确地反映成煤植物群面貌及其在成煤过程中的变化。     

The petrology of greek brown coals

Results are given in the petrography of Greek coals collected from most of the major coal-bearing basins in Greece.Rank was determined by measuring reflectances on the maceral varieties eu-ulminite A and eu-ulminite B and on the maceral textinite. Reflectances obtained from these components indicate a coalification stage of brown coal for all samples. Within this group of samples there is, however, a fairly wide scatter of reflectance values indicating for some of them the transition zone from peat to brown coal and for others a coalification stage close to the transition into bituminous coals. Reflectances obtained from eu-ulminite A and eu-ulminite B were found to correlate well with chemical rank parameters such as volatile matter and calorific value.Composition was determined by maceral analysis. The coals are in general characterized by low amounts of macerals of the inertinite group, low to intermediate amounts of macerals of the liptinite group and high amounts of macerals of the huminite group. Within the latter group densinite, attrinite, eu-ulminite and textinite make up the bulk of the samples.Typical macerals observed in the coals are illustrated by two black and white and three colour plates.Cluster analysis based on maceral distribution, mineral matter and reflectance indicates that the samples studied can be divided into three major groups. The first one is dominated by eu-ulminite and densinite with relatively high reflectances. The second is dominated by attrinite, textinite and texto-ulminite with somewhat lower reflectances. The third is represented by a single sample in which textinite and resinite are the most abundant macerals. This sample also has the lowest reflectance.     

Study of petrological characteristics of coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area,Wardha valley coalfield,Maharashtra

A detailed study of maceral composition and vitrinite reflectance of the coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, situated in the northwestern extremity of Wardha valley coalfield, Yeotmal district, Maharashtra has been carried out with special reference to their depositional set up. These coals have two distinct types of maceral organization, one having significantly high distribution of the vitrinite group of macerals (35–41%) and the other containing the dominance of inertinite (26–49%). Liptinite maceral group is recorded between 14 and 24%, barring a few coal bands having liptinite maceral group as high as 33–37%. The vitrinite reflectivity ranges from 0.38–0.43%. Thus, they have attained sub-bituminous C rank. Mineral matter in these coals varies between 15 and 22%. The present study suggests that the basin primarily experienced cold climate having intermittent brackish water influx with alternating dry oxidizing spells.     

Study of petrological characteristics of coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, Wardha valley coalfield, Maharashtra

A detailed study of maceral composition and vitrinite reflectance of the coal deposits from Marki-Jhari-Jamni area, situated in the northwestern extremity of Wardha valley coalfield, Yeotmal district, Maharashtra has been carried out with special reference to their depositional set up. These coals have two distinct types of maceral organization, one having significantly high distribution of the vitrinite group of macerals (35–41%) and the other containing the dominance of inertinite (26–49%). Liptinite maceral group is recorded between 14 and 24%, barring a few coal bands having liptinite maceral group as high as 33–37%. The vitrinite reflectivity ranges from 0.38–0.43%. Thus, they have attained sub-bituminous C rank. Mineral matter in these coals varies between 15 and 22%. The present study suggests that the basin primarily experienced cold climate having intermittent brackish water influx with alternating dry oxidizing spells.     

不同沉积环境成因煤显微组分的有机硫分布

运用扫描电镜能谱微区测试对不同沉积环境成因煤的有机显微组分进行有机硫含量的系统测定，结果表明在不同类型的煤中某一类显微组分的有机硫含量存在明显差异；同一煤中不同亚显微组分的有机硫含量也不同。综合分析发现煤显微组分有机硫含量主要受聚煤环境、组分凝胶化程度、氧化程度的影响，而聚煤环境为主导影响因素。     

乌达矿区煤中显微组分有机硫的赋存分布

应用带能谱的扫描电镜微区测试对乌达矿区煤中不向显微组分的有机硫进行了系统测定，结果表明在不同的显微组分中其有机硫的含量有明显的差异，向一煤样中不同的亚组分中其有机硫的含量不相同，并且同一煤样同一显微亚组分其有机硫的含量亦有不同程度的差异。综合分析发现煤显微组分有机硫含量主要受煤的聚积环境、凝胶化程度、氧化程度等因素的影响。     

Limnic condition in ombrotrophic peat type as the origin of Muara Wahau coal,Kutei basin,Indonesia

Samples of early Miocene Muara Wahau coal from three drill cores were investigated with respect to maceral composition. Huminite macerals are dominant in the coal, ranging from 73.3 to 88.0% (vol.) with an average value of 77.4% (vol.). Liptinite macerals account for lower amount, from 0.7 to 6.7 with an average value of 1.8% (vol.). Inertinite macerals vary from 4.3 to 34.0% (vol.), averaging at 15.3% (vol.). Some paleoenvironmental indices based on the maceral composition were determined. Groundwater index (GWI) and vegetation index (VI) were considered as indicators for hydrological regime and type of peat vegetation. Tissue preservation index (TPI) and gelification index (GI) were determined to indicate the degree of preservation and relative wetness of the peat forming conditions. The VI-GWI diagram suggest that the coal was developed from herbaceous plants in ombrotrophic type of peat. TPI-GI diagram shows that the preservation was low and the peat was relatively wet or limnic. However, ombrotrophic peat type have commonly been related to relatively drier or telmatic environments. It is therefore, interpreted that the limnic condition could occur in ombrotrophic peat type, as the water level was rising up during the development of a high moor peat.     

Effect of maceral subtypes and mineral matrix on measured reflectance of subbituminous coals and dispersed organic matter

The variability in reflectance of huminite (texto-ulminite, eu-ulminite A and B, different types of corpohuminite) and liptinite groups of macerals in subbituminous coals was examined using reflected light microscopy. All macerals were selected from coal and interbedded carbonaceous shale and carbonate sediment samples from the 515-m-thick coal deposit No. 2 located in the Hat Creek valley of south-central British Columbia. The measurements obtained reveal that, in addition to burial depth, reflectance distribution depends on maceral subtypes and associated mineral matrix.Huminite in the coals and sediments (kerogen) consists mainly of humotelinite, with eu-ulminite B being the dominant maceral sub-type. Reflectance values determined on huminite in coals and Type IIIb kerogen increase from eu-ulminite A and phlobaphinite type 1 through eu-ulminite B and phlobaphinite type 2 to gelinite. The reflectance of all five huminite maceral subtypes studied increases with depth. However, the increase of phlobaphinite type 1 and gelinite reflectance with depth is irregular.A comparison of the reflectance values obtained for the same maceral subtype (eu-ulminite B) from the interbedded coal, shale and carbonate samples records consistent differences, implying some dependence of the reflectance (and perhaps rate of organic maturation) on the mineral matrix. Generally, the highest eu-ulminite B reflectance was recorded from carbonate rocks and the lowest from shale, whereas coal matrix produced intermediate values.At present, it is not known whether differences in reflectance of eu-ulminite found in the above lithologies are due to differential retention, efficiency of reaction products removal, thermal conductivity of the lithologies, or existence of a calcium carbonate catalyst.     

库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩有机岩石学

应用全岩有机岩石学分析方法,对库车坳陷北部山前带中生界三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的显微组分、主要富氢组分、有机质类型及热演化程度进行了研究。结果表明：库车坳陷北部山前带侏罗系克孜勒努尔组烃源岩显微组分总含量最高,恰克马克组烃源岩最低。中生界烃源岩显微组分组成具有镜质组含量高、壳质组和惰性组相对发育、腐泥组贫乏的特征。不同层位具有一定差异性,克孜勒努尔组和塔里奇克组中镜质组含量较高,恰克马克组壳质组相对发育。孢子体、壳屑体、角质体和藻类体是其主要的富氢组分,恰克马克组富氢组分相对含量最高。烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型和Ⅱ2型为主,有利于生气,镜质组反射率Ro为056%~187%,热演化程度处于成熟-高成熟阶段。克拉苏—依奇克里克构造带冲断前缘烃源岩显微组分总含量与热演化程度均相对较高,为烃源岩的最大成熟生烃中心。烃源岩高生烃潜力与高的壳质组含量和低的陆源有机质含量有关。     

Lasers in organic petrology and organic geochemistry, II. In-situ laser micropyrolysis-GCMS of coal macerals

The development and preliminary results of a novel laser micropyrolysis-gas chromatography, mass spectrometry (LMPy-GCMS) system are described. Short exposures of near-infra red (IR) laser radiation focused through a microscope's optics onto a specific, targeted maceral within a polymaceralic organic-rich shale or coal are used to release the thermal evaporation and pyrolysis products from the maceral. The products from multiple exposures on a single maceral type are collectively analyzed online using GCMS. This technique is intended to provide a means of chemically characterizing individual, microscopic organic entities (> 25 μm) in coals and shales without the need to physically separate them from each other (e.g. density gradient centrifugation) or from their mineral matrix (e.g. bulk analysis of kerogen concentrates). Molecular characterization of individual macerals is important in predicting the technological properties of coal and the petroleum generation potential of petroleum source rocks.Different macerals respond differently when exposed to focused near-IR laser radiation due to differences in their heat capacity and heat conduction. The thermal products released during irradiation of macerals (ulminite, alginite, sporinite and fusinite) representing the huminite, liptinite and inertinite maceral groups are presented. Under the appropriate heating, collecting, and trapping conditions, the thermal products liberated are considered representative of the macromolecular structure of the macerals. Structural elucidation of macerals in coals and shales could significantly benefit from concerted efforts of this and other in-situ micro-analytical techniques.     

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS COAL CONSTITUENTS (MACERALS)

Investigation of bituminous-coal macerals, accomplished through the Institut für Brennstoff Chemie (Fuel Chemistry Institute) of Aachen, is summarized here. Coal from five Ruhr coal beds was processed to obtain pure macerals in quantities sufficient to study their individual structure and chemical composition. Vitrinite, micrinite and exinite were recovered accordingly, and their chemical and physical properties studied; detailed, graphical interpretation of these data has been included. Chemical composition is derived for vitrinite, exinite, micrinite, and fusinite individually. Chemical structure of the macerals is discussed in relation to aromatically bound carbon content. It has been possible thus far, to determine maceral properties with respect to coalification rank as well as to indicate differentiation of these properties in macerals from the same coal bed. --D. D. Fisher.