Till and bedrock geochemistry in Sn exploration: A case study

The youngest intrusive phases of the rapakivi granites are known as Sn granites. The endocontact and exocontact zones of the Viipuri rapakivi massif and its satellites have been considered on theoretical grounds as critical areas for Sn deposits. The area between the Viipuri rapakivi massif and its satellite, the Ahvenisto massif, was selected for prospecting as one Sn critical area.Heavy-mineral geochemistry was used in the reconnaissance phase. Samples (10 1) from the surficial part of the till deposits were taken from a sparse sampling grid. Heavy minerals of the samples were concentrated by washing on a riffle box and by subsequent heavy-liquid separation. The non-magnetic heavy fraction was analyzed by XRF. Quite a large and coherent glaciogenic Sn anomaly was found, the head of which terminated in the southern part of the Ahvenisto rapakivi massif.The source of the anomaly was sought by taking basal till and bedrock samples with a tractor-mounted percussion drill. The fine fraction of till was analyzed by AAS and the bedrock samples by XRF and AAS. Mainly on the basis of Sn and Cu anomalies in basal till and bedrock 10 holes were diamond drilled into bedrock. Several topaz-bearing greisen bodies with uneconomic Sn content were penetrated. The results demonstrate the soundness of the theory and the methods used.     

土壤样品镉同位素分析中Cd与Sn有效分离方法的改进

保证Cd的高回收率以及彻底的Sn干扰去除是获得精确镉同位素组成的前提,目前报道的多种Cd分离与纯化方法获得的Cd回收率有较大差异(42.6%~99.8%),且去除Sn干扰的效果也不同(去除率在87.8%~97.4%之间),Cd回收率和Sn去除率均不理想。本文对前人报道的分离方法进行对比实验,发现0.1 mol/L氢溴酸-0.5 mol/L硝酸是分离Cd和Sn的有效试剂,增加该组混合酸的用量可淋洗出样品中更多的Sn且不会损失Cd,当混合酸的淋洗用量增加至30 mL时,Sn的淋洗率达到99.8%以上,Cd的回收率亦达到99.0%±0.5%,可满足土壤样品镉同位素的测定要求。本工作为获得高精度的镉同位素组成奠定了基础,为研究土壤环境中镉的污染来源提供了技术手段。     

东蒙地区燕山期三类成矿岩体地质地球化学特征

根据东蒙地区广泛发育的中生代燕山期岩体的成矿特征，将其成矿岩体分成三种类型。它们分别是铜成矿岩体、铅锌成矿岩体和锡成矿岩体。通过对三种成矿岩体的岩石学、稀土元素和微量元素的分析研究，认为铜成矿岩体具有明显的幔源和壳源双重特征，为燕山早期岩浆演化的结果；锡成矿岩体为燕山晚期岩浆演化的产物，具有壳源特点；铅锌成矿岩体的地质特征处于铜成矿岩体和锡成矿岩体的过渡。     

华南地球化学走廊带碎屑沉积岩W、Sn时空分布特征及其指示意义

通过系统的高密度采样,选取了470件来自华南走廊带的细粒碎屑沉积岩,涵盖了中元古到白垩系地层,对其主要元素、微量元素、稀土元素进行了精确分析。研究结果显示,所有样品都存在明显的稀土元素的分异和Eu的负异常,其中(La/Yb)N=10.0,Eu/Eu*=0.67。相对上地壳平均组成,样品明显亏损Ca、Na和Sr,并具有较高的化学风化指数,暗示样品受到了较为强烈的风化作用影响,并且经历了长距离的搬运过程;主要元素和微量元素图解暗示样品的源岩可能包括花岗质、安山质和长英质岩石。样品的地球化学特征显示,样品可以代表较大的源区,并且W、Sn的含量可以反映走廊带上W、Sn分布特征。在走廊带上,W、Sn的含量自东南向西北递减,在江山—绍兴断裂带附近突变,该分布特征与华南地区的钨锡成矿作用非常吻合。碎屑沉积岩中W、Sn的含量明显高于上地壳平均含量,其中W、Sn含量的峰值存在于中元古代—奥陶系地层,而华夏地块从中元古代开始便具有高钨锡含量,可能是该地区形成全世界最大的钨锡成矿省的重要原因。     

史料考证与找矿(之四)：个旧锡矿

著名的个旧锡矿，据史料在元廿七年（1290年），率先在老厂矿区银铜矿开始采银（铅）-锌矿。清康熙四十六年（1707年），始由官方主持大规模开发砂锡矿，直至民国初年（1910年）都以采-冶砂锡为主，元廿七年后，银硐，黄茅山，竹林山，龙树脚等老硐深部，相继发现并转入原生锡矿开采。个旧300余年的采-选-冶开发史，使当地矿工在识别砂锡，脉锡不同矿石类型（荒），涮碗目测品位，水力采矿（冲荒尖），水力洗选（溜口），土法炼锡，锡锭表面“花口”识别等诸多领域，创造出一套完整的采-选-冶工艺，在中国矿业史上作出重大贡献。     

中国几个主要煤产地煤中微量元素特征

采用原煤直接溶样和使用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ方法对我国平朔,大同,六盘水和唐山几个主要煤产地煤的微是元素进行了检测,报道了这几个主要煤产地煤中５１种微量元素含量,并对基含量特征进行了讨论,研究表明,与海水有关的过渡相沉积环境中的煤的Ｌｉ,Ｂｅ,Ｓｃ,Ｔｉ,Ｖ,Ｚｎ,Ｃｕ,Ｇａ,Ａｓ,Ｓｅ,Ｙ,Ｚｒ,Ｓｎ,Ｐｂ,Ｔｈ,Ｕ和稀土元素含量相对较高,内陆湖泊沉积环境中的煤的微量元素含量相对较低。     

普洱西盟五类锡矿特征及找矿前景

西盟锡矿群是云南锡矿主产区,存在五类锡矿床：“面型”云英岩型,大理岩型,矽卡岩型,断裂破碎带型及层间破碎带型。深入了解其不同成因空间、成矿规律、岩矿组合、赋矿条件,并结合隐伏花岗岩体特征,十分有利扩大找矿远景。     

从云母微量元素特征探讨华南花岗岩的成因和演化

云母中微量元素可分为浅源指示元素和深源指示元素。浅源指示元素Nb、Ta、Sn、Li、Rb在南岭系列云母中的含量高于长江系列,而深源指示元素Co、Ni的含量长江系列大于南岭系列。云母中Nb、Ta、Sn、Li、Rb变化特征是自身成矿演化的直接示踪剂,而Co、Ni变化特征是Fe、Cu、Au、Mo(W)、Pb、Zn成矿演化的重要示踪剂。云母中Cu、Zn、W、Mo、U、Th等元素呈波动性变化,不能灵敏指示花岗岩的成因与演化。微量元素在云母中的选择分布主要受岩浆物源化学背景的制约,同时也受岩浆侵位和分异演化程度高低以及结晶的物理化学条件变化等因素的影响。     

Geochemistry of tin, tungsten and molybdenum in Swedish proterozoic granitoids: Their potential use in regional mineral exploration

The primary aim of this broad regional study is to statistically determine the Li-Sn-W-Mo-bearing potential of various granitoids using geochemical criteria. Computer based, univariate and multivariate statistical methods are applied to major- and trace-element data from about 660 granitic rock samples and over 800 major element analyses, selected from the Swedish geological literature. The granitoids are subdivided following earlier geotectonic chronologic and newer geochemical-statistical principles.Most granite types occurring in known Sn-W mineralized areas, except the granites around the W deposit of Baggetorp, were identified as potentially W-Sn-bearing. That is, they show significantly high mean and variance values for W and/or Sn as well as promising values of the probability parameters for these elements, compared to corresponding statistics for a calculated Swedish average granitoid (SAG).Evidence of very high total variability of Li, Sn and W within the individual granite types suggests the need for further tests, to control the variability errors due to sampling and preparation and errors of chemical analysis. These sources of error may obscure natural elemental heterogeneity of the granite type that is of interest in geochemical prospecting.Interpretations of Sn, W and Li frequency distribution patterns, petrochemical trends and multivariate similarity tests suggest that the primary chemistry of the granitoids is overprinted by (a) postmagmatic processes of broad regional nature, which have similarly affected the individual granite types, and (b) a wide variety of secondary alterations of local character. These conclusions imply that potential Sn and W deposits may be sought within all Swedish Proterozoic granitoids and their within all Swedish Proterozoic granitoids and their immediate sorroundings, where susch processes have redistributed and concentrated these where such processes have redistributed and concentrated these elements. However, the granites which are highly differentiated, Sn-W-Li-U-Th-F-enriched, and strongly and strongly magnetic are particularly promising target areas for further, extensive rock-geochemical prospecting and other exploration surveys. rock-geochemical prospecting and other exploration surveys.     

江西南城震旦系周潭群变质岩地球化学特征

周潭群变质岩其主要岩石类型的ＳｉＯ_２含量为５８％～７３％,Ｋ_２Ｏ＋Ｎａ_２Ｏ大多为４％～６％。稀土配分型式均为右倾负斜率轻稀土富集型,全部样品出现负Eu异常。岩石中Ｓｎ、Ｓｂ、Ｓ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｈｇ、Ｍｏ含量低于克拉克值,而Ｌｉ、Ｒｂ、Ｃｓ等碱性元素含量偏高,特别是微量元素组合Ａｎ、Ａｇ、Ａｓ、Ｐｈ、Ｚｎ含量明显高于克拉克值。周潭群变质岩形成年龄为６７２±７２Ｍａ,相当于震旦系底部层位,变质相应属低角门岩相,其原岩体系应为一套复理石或类复理石泥砂岩建造。