德兴地区怀玉地体前震旦纪地层划分与对比

德兴地区怀玉地体前震旦纪变质地层可分为２群６组。下部海相火山碎屑岩夹细碧角斑岩建造称铜厂群,含东坑组、铁罗山组和杜村组,代表中元古代怀玉地体边缘裂陷槽沉积;上部陆源碎屑为主的泥砂质复理石建造及陆相火山岩称登山群,含小浮溪组、拔竹坑组和上墅组,代表新元古代怀玉地体边缘海沉积及火山喷发。在区域上可与邻区相对比。     

九岭地体东缘一次重大地质事件的发现及意义

长期以来 ,华南前震旦系基础地质研究普遍认为 ,九岭地体与相距不远的怀玉地体为相互独立的块体 ,它们在构造发展阶段上、岩性组合上各具特色 .九岭地体具大陆地壳的亲缘性 ,发育巨厚的原始沉积构造保存完好的砂、板岩 ,为被动大陆边缘的沉积组合 ,而相距不远的怀玉地体 ,则具大洋地壳的亲缘性 ,为火山岩及火山碎屑岩系组合 ,沿断裂带 ,蛇绿岩断续分布 ,并已遭受强烈的变质和变形 ,构造侵位特征十分明显 ,原始层序残缺不全 ,为活动大陆边缘沉积组合 ,也是华南前震旦系历来十分关注的热点地区[1 ] .地质事件发现在九岭地体东缘的游城乡东南部…     

德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿脉体及矿化蚀变特征及其成矿意义

德兴朱砂红、铜厂、富家坞铜矿床沿北西西(300°)方向略呈左形侧列分布,三者共同构成了德兴斑岩铜矿田。朱砂红斑岩铜矿床位于赣东北深大断裂的北西侧,该断裂带是九岭地体和怀玉地体于新元古代时期的碰撞拼合带。以往的调研工作多集中在铜厂矿床,而对朱砂红矿床和富家坞矿床的研究较少。此次结合江西德兴铜     

晋宁—澄江期扬子板块西北缘的地体-板块构造

本文运用地体—板块构造分析理论,指出晋宁—澄江期扬子板块西北缘是由外来的和自大陆分离的洋壳型、洋岛—岛弧型、岛弧型、陆壳型及海底高原等不同类型、不同时代地体组成的增生型大陆边缘。这些地体的分布和运动受板块构造运动控制,经过中、晚元古代的分离与联合,最终于早震旦世末的澄江期以俯冲缝合和碰撞焊合方式增生到扬子陆核上,形成统一的扬子板块基底。     

江南中、新元古代岛弧的运动学和动力学

自经７０年代作者等发表江南中－新元古代岛弧构造观点以来，这一地区已经在８０年代后期和９０年代成为我国大地构造研究热点之一。大量新资料支持以下的古板块构造演化模式，即古华南洋壳中元古代１３（１７）～９．８亿年时向北（西北）俯冲于扬子板块东南边缘之下，形成江南火山岛弧和弧后盆地，在东北段是皖－浙－赣火山岛弧和樟树墩－伏川弧后盆地；新元古代９．８～７．７亿年时发生了陈蔡弧（浙东地体）与皖－浙－赣弧的弧－弧碰撞造山作用，并导致樟树墩－伏川边缘海的崩塌和陆－弧弧后碰撞造山过程。江南古岛弧带经历了多次的后期构造变形。     

从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用（下）

本篇讨论陆—岛碰撞、地体拼合和复理石建造等大地构造作用。根据碰撞陆块的尺度可将大陆碰撞分为陆—陆碰撞、陆—岛碰撞和岛—岛碰撞三种不同级别。大陆碰撞的强度与碰撞陆块边缘的形状有关。在陆块边缘的凸出部碰撞最为剧烈,形成岩石圈变形极为剧烈的碰撞造山带。在小陆块两侧或凹入部碰撞不易发生,形成沉积巨厚的复理石建造。如果多个陆块在会聚时相对运动速度不大,碰撞不大剧烈,这种碰撞称为地体拼合.地体拼合属于岩石圈挤压力较小而作用期较长的造陆作用,以蒙古—鄂霍次克带为代表,洋陆转换带岩石圈大部分成为增生的大陆。地体拼合过程分以下4个阶段:①双向俯冲形成岛弧;②洋—岛俯冲扩展洋陆转换带;③幔源岩浆底侵,洋陆转换带岩石圈向大陆岩石圈演化;④地体拼合造陆,大陆增生。大陆碰撞发生时不发生碰撞的部位板块会聚产物具复理石建造特征。复理石盆地是被洋壳俯冲推挤成陆的显生宙洋陆转换区,以巨厚深水浊流沉积及等深流沉积为特征。大陆岩石圈碰撞作用分为以下五类:裙边碰撞,裸碰撞、弱碰撞、无碰撞和碰撞走滑,碰撞的特征参数各不相同,其中只有裸碰撞在力学上属于弹性碰撞。     

湖南新晃贡溪下寒武统“九门冲组”非正常沉积灰岩的发现和意义探讨

本文阐述了湖南新晃贡溪一带下寒武统＂九门冲组＂产出的灰岩透镜体岩石学及地球化学特征,初步分析研究显示为非正常沉积—壳幔混合热水喷流沉积成因,为区域上该时期相应壳幔混合热水成因矿产的寻找和沉积环境的研究与地层划分提供了新的资料及认识。     

桂北四堡群火山岩形成环境及构造意义

通过野外地质、岩石化学、稀土配分、微量元素等的综合分析表明,桂北四堡群火山岩形成于火山岛弧的构造环境,由四堡群组成的地质体是中元古代位于扬子大陆边缘以南的岛弧地体,中元古代末期该地体与扬子大陆边缘发生碰撞拼贴造山作用,这一作用决定了中、晚元古代桂北及邻区的大陆边缘构造及其演化过程。     

西秦岭北缘早古生代天水—武山构造带及其构造演化

西秦岭北缘早古生代天水—武山构造带位于甘肃省东部天水地区,主要由寒武纪关子镇武山蛇绿岩带、晚寒武世—早奥陶世李子园群浅变质活动陆缘沉积火山岩系、奥陶纪草滩沟群岛弧型火山沉积岩系以及加里东期岛弧型深成侵入岩体、俯冲碰撞型花岗岩体等组成。关子镇蛇绿岩中变质基性火山岩属于NMORB型玄武岩,武山蛇绿岩中变质基性火山岩属于EMORB型玄武岩,是洋脊型蛇绿岩的重要组成部分,形成时代大致在534～489Ma之间的寒武纪。李子园群火山岩主要形成于岛弧或与岛弧相关的弧前盆地构造环境,草滩沟群火山岩形成于与俯冲作用相关的岛弧环境。关子镇流水沟和百花中基性岩浆杂岩总体形成于中晚奥陶世（471～440Ma）古岛弧构造环境,同时发育加里东期俯冲型（450～456Ma）花岗岩类和碰撞型（438～400Ma）花岗岩类岩浆活动。西秦岭北缘早古生代古洋陆构造格局经历了从洋盆形成洋壳俯冲消减直至陆陆碰撞造山的板块构造演化过程。总体构造演化可划分为四个阶段：①晚寒武世古洋盆初始形成阶段;②早奥陶世洋盆初始俯冲阶段;③中晚奥陶世洋壳大规模俯冲与古岛弧发育阶段;④志留纪陆陆或陆弧碰撞造山阶段。     

中元古界蒙山组、陈塘坞组的建立

依据浙江省浦江县蒙山剖面建立蒙山组和陈塘坞组等二个地层单位层型,将二组归并为平水群。同时,恢复了平水群的地层名称和修订了它的含义,下部蒙山组细碧—角斑岩建造(未见底)和上部陈塘坞组海相砂泥岩建造,与上覆地层双溪坞群为整合关系,它代表浙江省西北部最老的基底。通过对层型剖面微古植物化石和同位素年龄的研究对比,提出平水群地质时代归属中元古代。对层型剖面层序地层、岩石化学、稀土、微量元素的分析研究,认为平水群的细碧—角斑岩形成于岛弧环境。     

The crustal architecture of the Kaapvaal crustal block South Africa,between 3.5 and 2.0 Ga

Following terrane amalgamation of early oceanic lithosphere, the southern and central parts of the Kaapvaal Craton were a coherent unit by 3.1 Ga. Juxta-position of the northern and western granitoid-greenstone terranes including the Murchison Island Arc was the result of terrane accretion that started at 3.1 Ga. The culmination of these events was the collision of the Kaapvaal Craton, the pre-cratonic Zimbabwe block and the Central Zone to generate the Limpopo granulite gneiss terrane. Coeval with these orogenic events the central Kaapvaal Craton underwent extension to accommodate the development of the Dominion, Witwatersrand/Pongola and Ventersdorp basins. The craton scale Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament development during the 3.1 Ga accretion event and continued to influence the tectonic evolution of the Kaapvaal block throughout the period under review as indicated by the syn-sedimentary tectonics of the > 2.64 Ga Wolkberg Group, overlying Black Reef Formation and the Transvaal Sequence. The Transvaal and Griqualand West basins developed in the Late Archaean (> 2.55 Ga) with basin dynamics influenced by far field stresses related to the Limpopo Orogeny. During this period the Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament lay close to the northern margin of the depository. Reactivation of the Lineament between 2.4 and 2.2 Ga resulted in inversion of the Transvaal Basin and formation of the northward verging Mhlapitsi fold and thrust belt. The half-graben setting envisaged for the deposition of the Pretoria Group was influenced by the Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament as was the emplacement and subsequent deformation of the Bushveld Complex.     

青藏高原主要地体地壳短缩作用研究现状及存在的问题

在对喜马拉雅、拉萨和羌塘3个地体已有的有关地壳短缩研究成果系统分析的基础上,对3个地体进行了平衡剖面恢复:北羌塘侏罗系短缩率为25.18%.南羌塘短缩率为33.57%;对拉萨地体南段(措勤盆地南部坳褶带)上白垩统恢复得出其短缩率为20.68%北段中部坳褶带到班公湖一怒江缝合带南缘短缩率为25.3%;地处特提斯喜马拉雅地体东段的郎杰学地体三叠系短缩率达75%.大于前人研究的特提斯喜马拉雅56%~6O%的短缩率.通过对比,对3个地体短缩变形的规律进行了分析,认为各地体内部短缩作用并不是一个连续均匀的过程,陆内变形主要是通过稳定地体边界和大型逆冲构造带来吸收的;拉萨地体和羌塘地体新生代内部变形较小.     

青藏高原主要地体地壳短缩作用研究现状及存在的问题

在对喜马拉雅、拉萨和羌塘3个地体已有的有关地壳短缩研究成果系统分析的基础上,对3个地体进行了平衡剖面恢复：北羌塘侏罗系短缩率为25.18%,南羌塘短缩率为33.57%;对拉萨地体南段(措勤盆地南部坳褶带)上白垩统恢复得出其短缩率为20.68%,北段中部坳褶带到班公湖-怒江缝合带南缘短缩率为25.3%;地处特提斯喜马拉雅地体东段的郎杰学地体三叠系短缩率达75%,大于前人研究的特提斯喜马拉雅56%~60%的短缩率。通过对比,对3个地体短缩变形的规律进行了分析,认为各地体内部短缩作用并不是一个连续均匀的过程,陆内变形主要是通过稳定地体边界和大型逆冲构造带来吸收的;拉萨地体和羌塘地体新生代内部变形较小。     

Geochronology and Hf isotope of detrital zircons from Precambrian sequences in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen: Constraining the assembly of Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks in South China

The Jiangnan Orogen, the eastern part of which comprises the oceanic Huaiyu terrane to the northeast and the continental Jiuling terrane to the southwest, marks the collision zone of the Yangtze and the Cathaysia Blocks in South China. Here, zircon U–Pb geochronological and Lu–Hf isotopic results from typical basement and cover meta-sedimentary/sedimentary rock units in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen are presented. The basement sequences in southwestern Huaiyu terrane are mainly composed of marine volcaniclastic turbidite, ophiolite suite and tuffaceous phyllite, whereas those in the northeastern Huaiyu consist of littoral face pebbly feldspathic sandstones and greywacke interbedded with intermediate-basic volcanic rocks. Combined with previous studies, the present data show that the basement sequences exhibit arc affinities. Zircons from the basement phyllite in the southwestern margin of the Huaiyu terrane, representing a Neoproterozoic back-arc basin, yield a single age population of 800–900 Ma. The basement greywacke from northeastern Huaiyu terrane, representing fore-arc basin, is also characterized by zircons that preserve a single tectono-thermal event during 800–940 Ma. However, the late Neoproterozoic cover sequence preserves zircons from multiple sources with age populations of 750–890 Ma, 1670–2070 Ma and 2385–2550 Ma. Moreover, Hf isotopic data further reveal that most detrital zircons from the basement sequences yield positive εHf(t) values and late Mesoproterozoic model ages, while those of the cover sequence mostly show negative εHf(t) values. The Hf isotopic data therefore suggest that the basement sequences are soured from a Neoproterozoic arc produced by reworking of subducted late Mesoproterozoic materials. The geochronological and Hf isotopic data presented in this study suggest ca. 800 Ma for the assembly of the Huaiyu and Jiuling terranes, implying that the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks in the eastern part occurred at ca. 800 Ma.     

中国东部中上元古宇发育特征及其对板块和地体构造研究的意义

<正> 本文涉及的中上元古宇包括下寒武统之下,吕梁运动面(即相当于长城系底面)以上的一套地层。中、晚元古宙的沉积在我国东部分布较广,在不同的小区内,在沉积建造和地层序列上常显示出各自的特色。可按沉积时限、地壳构造活动性、沉积物特征和生物群面貌将东部中上元古宇分为四种沉积类型,简称蓟县型、旅大型、扬子型和江南型,名称来源于代表性剖面所在地或沉积区的地名。     

Late proterozoic terrane tectonics in the central Jiangnan belt, southeast China

The Huaiyu and Jiuling terranes in the central Jiangnan belt, south China, are separated by the Dongxiang-Shexian shear zone. An Upper Proterozoic ophiolite-bearing mélange is dispersed along the contact. Isotopic ages of mafic and ultramafic rocks within the mélange cluster around 1000 Ma (Sm-Nd method). Glaucophanes from blueschist yield an isotopic age of 866 Ma (K-Ar method), interpreted to date the timing of collision. The mélange and terranes underwent regional metamorphism during the Late Proterozoic. The resulting foliation was later crosscut by a Late Proterzoic sinistral oblique normal shear along the suture zone. Clastic sediments were unconformably deposited over both terranes during the Sinian (latest Proterozoic).     

Brunovistulian terrane (Bohemian Massif, Central Europe) from late Proterozoic to late Paleozoic: a review

The Brunovistulian terrane represents a microcontinent of enigmatic Proterozoic provenance that was located at the southern margin of Baltica in the early Paleozoic. During the Variscan orogeny, it represented the lower plate at the southern margin of Laurussia, involved in the collision with the Armorican terrane assemblage. In this respect, it resembles the Avalonian terrane in the west and the Istanbul Zone in the east. There is a growing evidence about the presence of a Devonian back-arc at the margin of the Brunovistulian terrane. The early Variscan phase was characterized by the formation of Devonian extensional basins with the within-plate volcanic activity and formation of narrow segments of oceanic crust. The oldest Viséan flysch of the Rheic/Rhenohercynian remnant basin (Protivanov, Andelska Hora and Horní Benesov formations) forms the highest allochthonous units and contains, together with slices of Silurian Bohemian facies, clastic micas from early Paleozoic crystalline rocks that are presumably derived from terranes of Armorican affinity although provenance from an active Brunovistulian margin cannot be fully excluded either. The development of the Moravo–Silesian late Paleozoic basin was terminated by coal-bearing paralic and limnic sediments. The progressive Carboniferous stacking of nappes and their impingement on the Laurussian foreland led to crustal thickening and shortening and a number of distinct deformational and folding events. The postorogenic extension led to the formation of the terminal Carboniferous-early Permian Boskovice Graben located in the eastern part of the Brunovistulian terrane, in front of the crystalline nappes. The highest, allochthonous westernmost flysch units, locally with the basal slices of the Devonian and Silurian rocks thrusted over the Silesicum in the NW part of the Brunovistulian terrane, may share a similar tectonic position with the Giessen–Harz nappes. The Silesicum represents the outermost margin of the Brunovistulian terrane with many features in common with the Northern Phyllite Zone at the Avalonia–Armorica interface in Germany.     

海南岛古元宙变质基底性质和地壳增生的Nd、Pb同位素制约

基于海南地壳各类型岩石的63个样品Nd和Pb同位素分析数据,研究了海南地块元古宙地壳变质基底的时代、特征和演化。研究结果表明,海南岛元古宙变质基底成熟度低,基底变质岩系的母岩物质来源于长期亏损的地幔源区,主要形成时代为古元古宙晚期－新元古宙;不同时代花岗岩具有较高的εNd(t)值和较低的Nd模式年龄,主要形成于幔源物质参与下的或含地幔成分较多的初生地壳再循环。地壳增生具幕式增生的特点,并在2．0Ga、1.7Ga、1.2Ga出现高峰;Pb同位素组成既不同于扬子地块又不同于华夏地块,介于两地块之间,和Nd同位素特征具有一致或耦合关系。结合海南岛地质特征,初步认为不能单纯地将海南岛基底理解为华南地块统一南延部分或是华夏古陆的部分,可能为不同的构造块体。     

新疆大陆基底分区模式和主要地质事件的划分

在同位素年代学和地球化学研究的基础上，概括了1982～2000年间的同位素年代学和地球化学研究成果，特别是1987～2000年"305"项目的研究成果。展现了近年来对新疆大陆前寒武纪基底同位素年代学研究的新成果塔里木北缘灰色片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄为2600Ma，西昆仑基底石榴黑云母片麻岩中的锆石U-Pb一致年龄则为 （2048±20）Ma，阿尔金灰色片麻岩锆石U-Pb上交点年龄为（1820±277）Ma，测定了东天山星星峡群片麻岩的锆石U-Pb上交点年龄为（1404±18）Ma，与1986年的结果一致（1400±42）Ma，获得西天山温泉群、那拉提群和木扎尔特群混合岩化片麻岩中锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（821±11）～（798±8）Ma，（882±83）Ma和（707±7）Ma；基于Sm-Nd模式年龄统计结果，将新疆大陆基底分为5个区域，即塔里木大陆太古宙－古元古代（3.2～2.2）Ga基底区，昆仑-阿尔金造山带古元古代基底区（2.0～1.8）Ga，天山古中元古代基底区（2.1～1.7）Ga，准噶尔为年轻地壳基底区（1.4～0.7）Ga和阿尔泰古元古代、中新元古代复合基底区（≤2.6～2.4Ga,1.5～0.9Ga）；基于多年研究的积累，并综合了国内外一些可以应用的同位素年代学研究结果，提出以塔里木太古宙大陆地核向南、北逐步增生的新疆大陆地壳基底演化模式；确定了新疆大陆地壳构造演化中15次主要地质事件的时限为（3000～3200）Ma；2800Ma；2600～2500Ma；2200Ma；2000～1700Ma；1400Ma；1000Ma;；800Ma；700～>500Ma；520～480Ma；450Ma；360～300Ma；300～250Ma；210～135Ma；65～5Ma。这些同位素年代学和Nd同位素示踪研究结果无疑将成为进一步探讨新疆大陆地壳构造演化的一些重要依据。     

青藏高原南部拉萨地体的变质作用与动力学

拉萨地体位于欧亚板块的最南缘,它在新生代与印度大陆的碰撞形成了青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。因此,拉萨地体是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键之一。拉萨地体中的中、高级变质岩以前被认为是拉萨地体的前寒武纪变质基底。但新近的研究表明,拉萨地体经历了多期和不同类型的变质作用,包括在洋壳俯冲构造体制下发生的新元古代和晚古生代高压变质作用,在陆-陆碰撞环境下发生的早古生代和早中生代中压型变质作用,在洋中脊俯冲过程中发生的晚白垩纪高温/中压变质作用,以及在大陆俯冲带上盘加厚大陆地壳深部发生的两期新生代中压型变质作用。这些变质作用和伴生的岩浆作用表明,拉萨地体经历了从新元古代至新生代的复杂演化过程。(1)北拉萨地体的结晶基底包括新元古代的洋壳岩石,它们很可能是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中形成的莫桑比克洋的残余。(2)随着莫桑比克洋的俯冲和东、西冈瓦纳大陆的汇聚,拉萨地体洋壳基底经历了晚新元古代的(～650Ma)的高压变质作用和早古代的(～485Ma)中压型变质作用。这很可能表明北拉萨地体起源于东非造山带的北端。(3)在古特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体和羌塘地体经历了中古生代的(～360Ma)岩浆作用。(4)古特提斯洋盆的闭合和南、北拉萨地体的碰撞,导致了晚二叠纪(～260Ma)高压变质带和三叠纪(～220Ma)中压变质带的形成。(5)在新特提斯洋中脊向北的俯冲过程中,拉萨地体经历了晚白垩纪(～90Ma)安第斯型造山作用,形成了高温/中压型变质带和高温的紫苏花岗岩。(6)在早新生代(55～45Ma),印度与欧亚板块的碰撞,导致拉萨地体地壳加厚,形成了中压角闪岩相变质作用和同碰撞岩浆作用。(7)在晚始新世(40～30Ma),随着大陆的继续汇聚,南拉萨地体经历了另一期角闪岩相至麻粒岩相变质作用和深熔作用。拉萨地体的构造演化过程是研究汇聚板块边缘变质作用与动力学的最佳实例。