Geochemistry,petrogenesis and radioactive mineralization of two coeval Neoproterozoic post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granitoid suites from Sinai,Arabian Nubian Shield

The Younger Granites of Yahmid-Um Adawi area, located in the southeastern part of Sinai Peninsula, comprise two coeval Late Neoproterozoic post-collisional alkaline (hypersolvous alkali-feldspar granites; 608–580?Ma) and calc-alkaline (transsolvous monzo- and syenogranites; 635–590?Ma) suites. The calc-alkaline suite granitoids are magnesian and peraluminous to metaluminous, whereas the alkaline ones are magnesian to ferroan alkaline to slightly metaluminous. Both granitoid suites exhibit many of the typical geochemical features of A-type granites such as enrichment in Nb (>20?ppm), Zr (>250?ppm), Zn (>100?ppm) and Ce (>100?ppm) and high 10000*Ga/Al₂O₃ ratios (>2.6) and Zr?+?Nb?+?Y?+?Ce (>350?ppm). Accessory mineral saturation thermometers demonstrated former crystallization of apatite at high temperatures prior to zircon and monazite separation from the magma for both granitoid suites. The mild zircon saturation temperatures of the studied Younger Granites (around 800?°C) imply low-temperature crustal fusion and incomplete melting of the largely refractory zircon. The two Younger Granite suites were semi-synchronously evolved during the post-collisional stage of the Arabian-Nubian Shield subsequent to the collision between the juvenile shield crust and the older pre-Neoproterozoic continental blocks of west Gondwana. Their parental magmas has been generated by melting of crustal source rocks with minor involvement from mantle, which might participated chiefly as a source of heat necessary for fusion of the crustal precursor. Extensive in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry revealed anomalously high radioactivity of some Younger Granite exposures along Wadi Um Adawi (eU; 388–746?ppm and eTh; 1857–2527?ppm) and pegmatitic pockets pertaining to the calc-alkaline suite (equivalent U and Th; 212–252?ppm and 750–1757?ppm, respectively). The radioactivity of the syngenetic pegmatites arises from the primary radioactive minerals uranothorite and thorite together with the U- and/or Th-bearing minerals zircon, columbite, samarskite and monazite. The anomalously high radioactivity of some Younger Granite exposures in Wadi Um Adawi stem from their appreciable enclosure of the epigenetic uranium minerals metatorbenite and uranophane.     

Petrological and mineralogical characteristics of younger granites and pegmatites in the Wadi Haleifiya area,southeastern Sinai,Egypt

This study is concerned with the radioactivity and mineralogy of the younger granites and pegmatites in the Wadi Haleifiya area, southeastern Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. The area is occupied by metasediments, migmatites, older and younger granites. Most of these rocks, especially granites, are dissected by mafic and felsic dykes as well as pegmatites. The younger granites are represented by three main varieties: monzogranites, syenogranites and alkali feldspar granites. The monzogranite consists essentially of quartz, plagioclase, potash feldspar and biotite with minor musco-vite. Iron oxide, titanite, zircon and allanite are the main accessory minerals. Syenogranite is massive, medium- to coarse-grained and commonly exhibits equigranular and hypidiomorphic textures. It is made up essentially of potash feldspar, quartz, plagioclase and biotite. Iron oxides, allanite, epidote, titanite, and zircon are accessory minerals. The alkali feldspar granite consists mainly of perthite, quartz, alkali amphibole (arfvedsonite and riebekite), biotite, sub-ordinate plagioclase and aegirine. Iron oxide, zircon and apatite are accessory minerals, whereas chlorite and sas-surite are secondary minerals. The altered monzogranite and pegmatite recorded high radioelement contents. The eU reaches up to 120 (av.=82×10-6) in the altered monzogranite and up to 55 (av.=27×10-6) in the pegmatites. The high radioactivity in the altered monzogranite is due to the presence of thorite, uranothorite and metamict zircon. In the pegmatites, it is re-lated to the presence of uranophane, uranothorite, thorite, zircon, samarskite, monazite, xenotime, magnetite, ilmen-ite, hematite and rutile.     

Perogenesis of granites, Sharm El-Sheikh area, South Sinai, Egypt: petrological constrains and tectonic evolution

Precambrian granites of the Sharm El-Sheikh area in south Sinai, Egypt belong to collisional and post-collisional Magmatism (610–580 Ma). The granites are widely distributed in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield. South Sinai includes important components of successive multiple stages of upper crust granitic rocks. The earliest stages include monzogranite and syenogranites while the later stages produced alkali feldspar granites and riebeckite-bearing granites. Numerous felsic, mafic dikes and quartz veins traverse the study granites. Petrographically, the granitic rocks consist mainly of perthite, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and riebeckite. Analysis results portray monzogranites displaying calc-alkaline characteristics and emplaced in island-arc tectonic settings, whereas the syenogranites, alkali-feldspar granites and the riebeckite bearing-granites exhibit an alkaline nature and are enriched in HFSEs similar to granites within an extensional regime. Multi-element variation diagrams and geochemical characteristics reinforce a post-collision tectonic setting. REEs geochemical modeling reveals that the rocks were generated as a result of partial melting and fractionation of lower crust basaltic magma giving rise to A₁ and A₂ subtype granites. They were subsequently emplaced within an intraplate environment at the end of the Pan-African Orogeny.     

秦岭造山带早中生代花岗岩成因及其构造环境

秦岭早中生代花岗岩以准铝到过铝质中钾—高钾钙碱性岩石为主。它们具有相对富集LILE,LREE,贫化HFSE和Nb,Ta不同程度亏损的后碰撞花岗岩的地球化学特征,部分花岗岩显示了埃达克质（或高Sr、低Y）花岗岩和I-A型过渡的环斑结构花岗岩的特征。综合分析这些花岗岩体的构造和岩石地球化学特征,并结合与其同时代煌斑岩和基性岩脉构成的双峰式岩浆作用特点,认为秦岭早中生代花岗岩主要形成于后碰撞环境。其中,埃达克质花岗岩形成较早,与后碰撞早期环境的地壳增厚紧密相关,其后产出的大量正常块状花岗结构的花岗岩类主要形成于后碰撞阶段拆沉作用发生的伸展阶段,最终侵位的高分异富钾花岗岩和环斑花岗岩标志着秦岭已进入后碰撞晚期阶段。     

Late Neoproterozoic alkaline magmatism in the Arabian–Nubian Shield: the postcollisional A-type granite of Sahara–Umm Adawi pluton, Sinai, Egypt

The Sahara–Umm Adawi pluton is a Late Neoproterozoic postcollisional A-type granitoid pluton in Sinai segment of the Arabian–Nubian Shield that was emplaced within voluminous calc-alkaline I-type granite host rocks during the waning stages of the Pan-African orogeny and termination of a tectonomagmatic compressive cycle. The western part of the pluton is downthrown by clysmic faults and buried beneath the Suez rift valley sedimentary fill, while the exposed part is dissected by later Tertiary basaltic dykes and crosscut along with its host rocks by a series of NNE-trending faults. This A-type granite pluton is made up wholly of hypersolvus alkali feldspar granite and is composed of perthite, quartz, alkali amphibole, plagioclase, Fe-rich red biotite, accessory zircon, apatite, and allanite. The pluton rocks are highly evolved ferroan, alkaline, and peralkaline to mildly peraluminous A-type granites, displaying the typical geochemical characteristics of A-type granites with high SiO₂, Na₂O + K₂O, FeO*/MgO, Ga/Al, Zr, Nb, Ga, Y, Ce, and rare earth elements (REE) and low CaO, MgO, Ba, and Sr. Their trace and REE characteristics along with the use of various discrimination schemes revealed their correspondence to magmas derived from crustal sources that has gone through a continent–continent collision (postorogenic or postcollisional), with minor contribution from mantle source similar to ocean island basalt. The assumption of crustal source derivation and postcollisional setting is substantiated by highly evolved nature of this pluton and the absence of any syenitic or more primitive coeval mafic rocks in association with it. The slight mantle signature in the source material of these A-type granites is owed to the juvenile Pan-African Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) crust (I-type calc-alkaline) which was acted as a source by partial melting of its rocks and which itself of presumably large mantle source. The extremely high Rb/Sr ratios combined with the obvious Sr, Ba, P, Ti, and Eu depletions clearly indicate that these A-type granites were highly evolved and require advanced fractional crystallization in upper crustal conditions. Crystallization temperature values inferred average around 929°C which is in consistency with the presumably high temperatures of A-type magmas, whereas the estimated depth of emplacement ranges between 20 and 30 km (upper-middle crustal levels within the 40 km relatively thick ANS crust). The geochronologically preceding Pan-African calc-alkaline I-type continental arc granitoids (the Egyptian old and younger granites) associated with these rocks are thought to be the crustal source of f this A-type granite pluton and others in the Arabian–Nubian Shield by partial melting caused by crustal thickening due to continental collision at termination of the compressive orogeny in the Arabian–Nubian Shield.     

伊犁地块南缘古生代花岗岩类的地质特征及构造意义

伊犁地块南缘元古宙特克斯群变质岩中侵入有花岗岩类,其形成时代和构造背景一直没有详细的研究。文章通过野外观察和室内分析,确定花岗质侵入体主要由弱面理化黑云母花岗岩、强面理化二云母花岗岩和未变形黑云母花岗岩组成。全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示,弱面理化黑云母花岗岩和强面理化二云母花岗岩属于过铝质钙碱性系列,其年龄分别为438 Ma和426 Ma;未变形黑云母花岗岩则属于典型的钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素,其年龄介于400~380 Ma之间。结合前人对区域地质的研究认识,笔者认为这些花岗岩类记录了两期不同构造背景的岩浆作用,指示研究区经历了两阶段构造—岩浆演化,即早古生代过铝质钙碱性弱面理化黑云母花岗岩与强面理化二云母花岗岩形成于哈萨克斯坦微大陆汇聚拼贴过程的后碰撞造山环境;中—晚古生代钙碱性未变形黑云母花岗岩则形成于准噶尔洋俯冲作用的活动大陆边缘。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of post-collisional alkaline and peralkaline granites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: a case study from the southern tip of Sinai Peninsula,Egypt

The southern Sinai Peninsula, underlain by the northernmost extension of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, exposes post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline granites that represent the youngest phase of late Neoproterozoic igneous activity. We report a petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of post-collisional plutons of alkaline and, in some cases, peralkaline granite. These granites intrude metamorphosed country rocks as well as syn- and post-collisional calc-alkaline granitoids. The alkaline and peralkaline granites of the southern tip of Sinai divide into three subgroups: syenogranite, alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite granite. The rocks of these subgroups essentially consist of alkali feldspar and quartz with variable amounts of plagioclase and mafic minerals. The syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite contain small amounts of calcic amphibole and biotite, often less than 3%, while the riebeckite granite is distinguished by sodic amphibole (5–10%). These plutons have geochemical signatures typical of post-collisional A-type granites and were most likely emplaced during a transition between orogenic and anorogenic settings. The parental mafic magma may be linked to lithospheric delamination and upwelling of asthenospheric mantle material. Differentiation of the underplated basaltic magma with contributions from the juvenile crust eventually yielded the post-collisional alkaline granites. Petrogenetic modelling of the studied granitic suite shows that pure fractional crystallization cannot quantitatively explain chemical variations with the observed suite, with both major oxides and several trace elements displaying trends opposite to those required by the equilibrium phase assemblage. Instead, we show that compositional variation from syenogranite through alkali feldspar granite to riebeckite granite is dominated by mixing between a low-SiO₂ liquid as primitive or more primitive than the lowest-SiO₂ syenogranite and an evolved, high-SiO₂ liquid that might be a high-degree partial melt of lower crust.     

华南印支期花岗岩类的岩石特征、成因类型及其构造动力学背景探讨

华南地区印支期花岗岩按照成因类型可分两类,第一类属强过铝质S型花岗岩,富含过铝质矿物,富SiO2、Al2O3和P2O5,高A/CNK值,微量元素原始地幔标准化分布型式图中富集Rb、U、Ta、Zr、Hf,亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图中具显著的负Eu异常,稀土元素总量偏低(ΣREE<80×10-6);第二类属准铝质I型花岗岩,含角闪石等镁铁质矿物,富SiO2、Na2O。总体来说,这两类花岗岩具有高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.710490～0.742118)和低εNd(t)值(-14.42～-4.1),Nd模式年龄(2.09～1.63Ga)指示印支期花岗岩为典型的壳源型花岗岩。CaO/(MgO+FeOT)-Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT)(摩尔比)图解表明这些花岗岩主要来源于变质杂砂岩和变质泥岩的部分熔融,夹杂了少量变质玄武岩和变质英云闪长岩。华南印支期花岗岩形成于挤压加厚的地壳发生局部伸展-减薄时期,推断印支期发生了多期次的岩石圈挤压和拉张,花岗岩侵位于大规模岩石圈挤压后局部减压-伸展的构造环境中。     

Granitoids in the Dalat zone,southern Vietnam: age constraints on magmatism and regional geological implications

The Dalat zone in southern Vietnam comprises a Cretaceous Andean-type magmatic arc with voluminous granitoids and contemporary volcanic rocks. On the basis of petrographical and mineralogical studies, the granitoids were subdivided into three suites: Dinhquan, Deoca and Cana. Rocks of the Dinhquan suite are hornblende–biotite diorites, granodiorites and minor granites. The Cana suite encompasses mainly leucocratic biotite-bearing granites with scarce hornblende. The Deoca suite is made up of granodiorites, monzogranites and granites. Geochemically, the granitoids are of subalkaline affinity, belong to the high-K, calc-alkaline series, and most of them display typical features of I-type granites. This paper presents the new Rb–Sr mineral and U–Pb zircon and titanite age data for the granitoids, which establish the ages of the plutonic suites as: the Dinhquan at ~112–100 Ma, Cana at ~96–93 Ma and Deoca at ~92–88 Ma. These ages are significantly different from earlier publications, and indicate that the earliest magmatism in the Dalat zone began at ~112 Ma ago, that is ~30–50 Ma later than previously thought. Our geochronological data are also support the continuation of an Andean-type arc running from SE China via southern Vietnam to SW Borneo.     

Geology,geochemistry and petrogenesis of late Precambrian granitoids in the Central Hijaz Region of the Arabian Shield

Late Precambrian granitoid rocks occurring within a 44,000 km² area of the western Arabian Shield are subdivided on the basis of geology and petrology into older (820 to 715 Ma) and younger (686 to 517 Ma) assemblages. The older assemblage contains major complexes which can be assigned to either one of a granodioritic or trondhjemitic petrologic association. The earliest granitoid rocks are trondhjemitic tonalites (trondhjemite association), depleted in Ba, Ce, F, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Y and Zr compared to granitoids of the slightly younger granodiorite association, which are related to a calcic, calc-alkaline suite of rocks ranging in composition from gabbro through monzogranite. The plutonic rocks of the older assemblage were probably emplaced in the cores of contemporary island arcs.The younger plutonic assemblage is dominated by three, geochemically distinct, coeval granitic associations: the alkali granite, alkali-feldspar granite and monzogranite associations. The alkali granite association is composed of perthite granites (alkali granites and genetically related alkali-feldspar granites). Rocks of this association are marginally peralkaline or metaluminous and are characterized by low contents of Ba, Co, Li, Rb, Sc and Sr, and high contents of Be, Cu, F, REE, Nb, Sn, Y, Zn and Zr. The alkali-feldspar granite association is mainly composed of alkali-feldspar granites and syenogranites. Rocks of this association are marginally peraluminous or metaluminous and contain low Ba, Sr, and high F, Rb, Sn, Th and U. The monzogranite association consists mainly of monzogranites and granodiorites. Rocks of this association are peraluminous or marginally metaluminous and have the highest contents of Ba, Cu, Co, Li, Sc, Sr, Ta, and V, and the lowest contents of REE, Nb, Rb, Sn, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr of the three granitic associations.These voluminous granitic magmas, together with the felsic component of a coeval sequence of bimodal volcanic rocks, are partial melts of the earlier island arc terrain produce during a prolonged fusion event. Subsolvus, highca granites of the monzogranite association have I-type features and represent partial melts of previously unfused crust, while low-Ca perthite granites of the alkali granite and alkali-feldspar granite associations have A-type features and represent partial melts of previously fused crust.This type of petrogenetic model can account for much of the petrologic diversity of the Pan-African granitic terrain of the Arabian Shield.     

内蒙古阿尔山绿水碱长花岗岩锆石U——Pb 年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

绿水碱长花岗岩锆石的LA--ICP--MS U--Pb 同位素测试结果为139. 4 ± 1. 6 Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示绿水碱长花岗岩属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性A2 型花岗岩,具高硅、高碱和低CaO、Fe2O3、MgO 和P2O5 特征; 轻稀土元素( LＲEE) 富集,重稀土元素( HＲEE) 相对亏损,铕具有明显的负异常; 高场强元素Zr、Hf 和大离子亲石元素Ｒb、Th、U 及K 相对富集,Ba、Nb、Ta、 Sr 和P 具明显的亏损。结合区域地质资料,认为这些碱长花岗岩的形成可能与古太平洋板块俯冲导致的加厚岩石圈拆沉后伸展环境有关。     

祁连山地区花岗质岩浆作用及构造演化

祁连山在构造上是一条经历了多期构造旋回叠加的早古生代复合型造山带,花岗质岩浆作用研究对揭示其构造演化具有重要意义。锆石U-Pb年代学统计结果表明,祁连地区花岗质岩浆活动可以分为7个大的阶段,包括古元古代早期(2 470~2 348 Ma)、古元古代晚期(1 778~1 763 Ma)、中元古代晚期-新元古代早期(1 192~888 Ma)、新元古代中期(853~736 Ma)、中寒武世-志留纪(516~419 Ma),泥盆纪-早石炭世(418~350 Ma)以及中二叠世-晚三叠世(271~211 Ma)。其中古元古代早期发育强过铝质高钾钙碱性S型和准铝质低钾拉斑-高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,记录了早期的陆壳增生及改造事件。古元古代晚期为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质A型花岗岩,是Columbia超大陆裂解事件的产物。中元古代晚期-新元古代早期以过铝质-强过铝质钙碱性-钾玄质S型花岗岩为主,新元古代中期以准铝质-强过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩为主,分别对应Rodinia超大陆的汇聚和裂解事件。中寒武世-志留纪花岗岩是洋陆转换过程中的产物,约440 Ma加厚基性下地壳部分熔融形成的低Mg埃达克岩的广泛出现指示祁连地区全面进入碰撞造山阶段。泥盆纪-早石炭世花岗岩代表后碰撞伸展阶段岩浆岩组合,发育准铝质-强过铝质低钾拉斑-钾玄质等一系列花岗岩。中二叠世-晚三叠世花岗岩以准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩为主,有少量弱过铝质高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,是宗务隆洋俯冲消减以及碰撞后伸展过程的产物。     

Geochemistry of the uranium-thurium-bearing granitic rocks and pegmatites of wadi haleifiya area, southeastern Sinai, Egypt

There are two main granitic rocks cropping out in the study area:1) the syn-orogenic granites are moderately weathered,jointed,exfoliated and characterized by low relief.These rocks are subdivided into tonalite and granodiorite.They are essentially composed of plagioclase,quartz,biotite,hornblende and potash feldspar;and 2) the post-orogenic granites,characterized by high relief terrain and represented by monzogranite,syenogranite and alkali granite.The monzogranites suffered hydrothermal alteration in particular along joints,faults,shear zones and fractures,which recorded the highest values of radioactivity,reflecting the role of post-magmatic alteration processes in the enhancement of radioactivity.The hydrothermal alteration(desilicification and hematitization) resulted in the formation of mineralized(altered) granites.The altered granites are enriched in TiO 2,Al 2 O 3,FeO T,MnO,MgO,Na 2 O,Rb,Sr,Y,Zr,Zn,Ga and Co and depleted in SiO 2,CaO,P 2 O 5,Nb,Pb,Cu,Ni and Cr relative to the fresh monzogranite.The investigated granites contain basic xenoliths as well as pockets of pegmatites.Perthites,quartz,plagioclase and sometimes biotite,represent the essential constituents.Some accessory minerals like zircon are metamicted reflecting their radiogenic nature.The alkali granites are characterized by the presence of aegirine,rebeckite and arfvedsonite.Both syn-and post-orogenic granites show some variations in their bulk chemical compositions.The older granitoids are metaluminous and exhibit characteristics of I-type granites and possess an arc tectonic environment.On the other hand,the younger granites are peraluminous and exhibit the characteristics of post-collisional granites.It is interpreted that radioactivity of the studied rocks is mainly controlled by both magmatic and post-magmatic activities.Frequently,the post-orogenic granites host zoned and unzoned pegmatite pockets.Some of these pockets anomalously attain high radioactivity.The syenogranites and the pegmatites are characterized by high contents of SiO 2 and K 2 O and low CaO and MgO.They have transitional characters from highly fractionated calc-alkaline to alkaline.The alkali granites related to A2-subtype of A-type granites.The post-orogenic granites were originated from magma of dominant crustal source materials and related to post-collisional setting under extensional environment.     

Post-collisional magmatism in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: The geotectonic evolution of the alkaline suite at Gebel Tarbush area, south Sinai, Egypt

Post-collisional alkaline magmatism (∼610–580 Ma) is widely distributed in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), i.e. the northern part of the Egyptian Eastern Desert and Sinai. Alkaline rocks of G. Tarbush constitute the western limb of the Katharina ring complex (∼593 ± 16 Ma) in southern Sinai. This suite commenced with the extrusion of peralkaline volcanics and quartz syenite subvolcanics intruded by syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite. The mineralogy and geochemistry of these rocks indicate an alkaline/peralkaline within-plate affinity. Quartz syenite is relatively enriched in TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Sr, Ba and depleted in SiO₂, Nb, Y, and Rb. The G. Tarbush alkaline suite most likely evolved via fractionation of mainly feldspar and minor mafic phases (hornblende, aegirine) from a common quartz syenite parental magma, which formed via partial melting of middle crustal rocks of ANS juvenile crust. Mantle melts could have provided the heat required for the middle crustal melting. The upper mantle melting was likely promoted by erosional decompression subsequent to lithospheric delamination and crustal uplift during the late-collisional stage of the ANS. Such an explanation could explain the absence or scarce occurrence of mafic and intermediate lithologies in the abundant late- to post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline suites in the northern ANS. Moreover, erosion related to crustal uplift during the late-collision stage could account for the lack or infrequent occurrence of older lithologies, i.e. island arc metavolcanics and marginal basin ophiolites, from the northern part of the ANS.     

大兴安岭中段早白垩世花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

大兴安岭地区显生宙花岗岩分布广泛,但区内中生代花岗岩的研究相对薄弱.通过对大兴安岭中段扎兰屯以西的毕家店岩体和神山岩体进行年代学和地球化学研究,探讨了本区早白垩世花岗岩的成因及构造背景.其中毕家店岩体主要由正长花岗岩和花岗斑岩组成,神山岩体主要由碱长花岗岩组成.毕家店岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄为136±3 Ma、139.5±0.9 Ma和128.1±0.8 Ma,神山岩体为119.3±0.8 Ma,均形成于早白垩世.地球化学特征上,两岩体均呈现高硅、低钙、富碱、Eu负异常等特征,亏损Nb、Ta,富集Rb、Th和U,属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,为岩浆演化晚期的高分异I型花岗岩.两岩体具有活动大陆边缘构造属性,结合大兴安岭地区同时期I型、A型花岗岩特征,认为早白垩世花岗质岩石的形成与太平洋板块俯冲背景下的拆沉作用密切相关.     

Origin and evolution of post-collisional magmatism: Coeval Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline and alkaline suites of the Sinai Peninsula

Two Late Neoproterozoic post-collisional igneous suites, calc-alkaline (CA) and alkaline–peralkaline (Alk), widely occur in the northernmost part of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. In Sinai (Egypt) and southern Israel they occupy up to 80% of the exposed basement. Recently published U–Pb zircon geochronology indicates a prolonged and partially overlapping CA and Alk magmatism at 635–590 Ma and 608–580 Ma, respectively. Nevertheless in each particular locality CA granitoids always preceded Alk plutons. CA and Alk igneous rocks have distinct chemical compositions, but felsic and mafic rocks in general and granitoids from the two suites in particular cannot be distinguished by their Nd, Sr and O isotope ratios. Both suites are characterized by positive ε_Nd(T) values, from + 1.5 to + 6.0 (150 samples, 28 of them are new analyses), but predominance of juvenile crust in the region prevents unambiguous petrogenetic interpretation of the isotope data. Comparison of geochemical traits of felsic and mafic rocks in each suite suggests a significant contribution of mantle-derived components to the silicic magmas. Model calculation shows that the alkaline granite magma could have been produced by partial (~ 20%) melting of rocks corresponding to K-rich basalts. Material balance further suggests that granodiorite and quartz monzonite magmas of the CA suite could form by mixing of the granite and gabbro end-members at proportions of 85/15. In the Alk suite, alkali feldspar and peralkaline granites have evolved mainly by fractional crystallization of feldspars and a small amount of mafic minerals from a parental syenogranite melt. Thus the protracted, 20 m.y. long, contemporaneous CA and Alk magmatism in the northern ANS requires concurrent tapping of two distinct mantle sources. Coeval emplacement of CA and Alk intrusive suites was described in a number of regions throughout the world.     

Geochemical evolution of the early Paleozoic collisional magmatism from autochthonous migmatites and granitoids to multiphase granite intrusions (Sharanur and Aya complexes,Baikal Region)

Overall petrologic and geochemical data indicate that the early Paleozoic magmatism in the Olkhon area of the Baikal Region exhibits diverse types of granitoids, whose time of formation is estimated at a narrow age interval of 500-465 Ma. This magmatism was responsible for the formation of both autochthonous gneiss-migmatite-granitoid suites (Sharanur complex) and multiphase intrusions (Aya complex) emplaced into the upper horizons of the continental crust. In major-element chemistry, K₂O/Na₂O values, and rare-element composition the migmatite-plagiogranites and calc-alkaline and subalkaline granitoids of the Sharanur complex are similar to the host gneisses and schists, as they were likely derived from melting of the ancient metamorphic substratum of the Olkhon series. In new isotope-geochemical characteristics (ICP MS method) the Sharanur granitoids are close to the first-phase biotite granites of the Aya massif, whose further geochemical evolution was governed mainly by intrachamber magmatic differentiation leading to the production of second-phase leucogranites enriched in HREE and HFSE (in particular, Ta and Nb) and depleted in Sr, Ba, Eu, Li, and LREE. The origin of the autochthonous and intrusive granitoids is related to early Paleozoic collision events within the Olkhon metamorphic terrane, while the formation of syncollisional granitoids is best explained by both melting of the crust protolith (Sharanur complex) and magmatic differentiation (multiphase Aya intrusion). All mineralogical and geochemical characteristics indicate that these granitoids are distinguished from rare-metal pegmatoid granites and Li-F and Rb-Be-Nb pegmatites, whose vein bodies crosscut the granitoids, and are regarded as middle Paleozoic rocks, which mark the transition to within-plate magmatism in the Baikal Region.     

阿尔金造山带南缘岩浆混合作用:玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体岩石学和地球化学证据

阿尔金造山带南缘玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体中的似斑状中粗粒黑云钾长花岗岩发育有岩浆成因的暗色包体,并且该花岗岩被花岗细晶岩呈脉状侵入。该岩体含有丰富的岩浆混合作用特征: 如暗色包体中的碱性长石斑晶、针状磷灰石、长石的环斑结构、石英/斜长石主晶和榍石眼斑等。暗色包体、寄主花岗岩和花岗细晶岩代表了岩浆混合演化过程中不同端元比例混合的产物。地球化学特征上,钾长花岗岩和暗色包体的主要氧化物含量在Harker图解中多呈线性变化。暗色包体主要为闪长质,MgO、K₂O含量高,为钾玄岩系列,总体上高场强元素不亏损,显示了岩浆混合中的基性端元信息,可能为幔源熔体结晶分异或壳幔物质的混合产物。寄主花岗岩均为准铝质,富碱,为高钾钙碱性系列,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素,高K₂O/Na₂O,富集高不相容元素,Ga含量高,显示了A型花岗岩的特征,Th/U 和Nb/Ta比值分别介于为6.67~10.96、8.99~11.94,代表了下地壳源区。花岗细晶岩均为钠质、过铝质,TiO₂、MgO含量低, Na₂O和CaO含量高,具有混合岩浆侵位后分异的特征。岩相学和地球化学特征说明岩浆混合作用对于环斑结构花岗岩的形成起到重要作用。花岗细晶岩中环斑长石的斜长石外环与钾长石内核的厚度比大于钾长花岗岩中的环斑长石,指示混合岩浆在一定的减压条件下更有利于环斑结构的形成。玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体中的钾玄质暗色包体、高钾钙碱性花岗岩和中钾钙碱性花岗细晶岩代表了岩浆演化不同阶段的产物,反映了一个幔源岩浆和下地壳不断相互作用,引起地壳连续伸展减薄的过程,指示阿尔金南缘在早古生代末期存在造山后伸展背景下的幔源岩浆底侵作用。同一岩体中两种不同时代岩性的环斑结构显示了该岩体形成历史中的一定时空演化关系,代表了伸展过程中不同阶段的产物。     

Evolution of Pan African A- and I-Type Granites from Southeastern Egypt: Inferences from Geology,Geochemistry, and Mineralization

Field study of granitic rocks in the Gebel Abu Brush-Dahis (ABD) area, Southeastern Desert, Egypt, shows that they comprise two granitic groups, namely A- and I-type suites. The A type is distinguished mineralogically by abundant orthoclase and sodic plagioclase, ferrohornblende, monazite, and allanite. In contrast, the I type has more hornblende and biotite, which are more magnesian in composition, and less feldspar. The parental magmas of both suites have many similar geochemical characteristics, although the A type has slightly higher alkalis, Zr, Hf, Zn, and LREE, and lower CaO, MgO, Sr, Ni, and Fe⁺². The geochemical properties characteristic of leucocratic A-type granites-such as high Ga/Al ratios, Nb, Y, HREE, and F contents-are only manifest in the more felsic members of the A-type suite. These features were produced by 70% fractional crystallization of feldspar, hornblende, quartz, and biotite. Geotectonically, the study revealed that the A-and I-type granites are typical of an arc setting, but the more felsic members of the A-type suite plot in a within-plate regime. Geochemically, the granites are subalkaline and peraluminous to metaluminous. The granodiorites/adamellites (I-type suite) have fractionated LREE and slightly fractionated or nearly flat HREE, with small or no Eu anomalies. The alkali-feldspar granites (A-type suite) have flat REE with large Eu anomalies, except for one sample, which shows increasing LREE and decreasing HREE with large Eu anomalies; the quartz-monzonites have fractionated LREE and nearly flat HREE with no Eu anomaly. The flat HREE and/or HREE enrichment is attributed to involvement of garnet and/or zircon in melt generation at the source.

The uranium and thorium contents in the granitic rocks are present in the accessory minerals—particulary in monazite, titanite, zircon, allanite, fluorite, apatite, and opaques. Anomalous high radioactivity in the bostonite (alkaline) dike as well as uranium mineralization are largely confined to contacts and fracture zones. Uranophane is the characteristic uranium mineral in the oxidation zone. An XRD study of the high anomalies in pegmatite and bostonite reveals that the uranium mineralizations produced uranophane (Usilicate), thorianite, soddyite, zippeite, and becquerelite.     

SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Geochemistry of the Henglingguan and Beiyu Granitoids in the Zhongtiao Mountains, Shanxi Province

Henglingguan and Beiyu metamorphic granitoids, distributed in the northwest of the Zhongtiaoshan Precambrian complex, comprise trondhjemites and calc-alkaline monzogranites, displaying intrusive contacts with the Archean Zhaizi TTG gneisses. And the Beiyu metamorphic granitoids consist mainly of trondhjemites, distributed at the core of the Hujiayu anticline fold. New SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating data show that the weighted mean ^207pb/^206pb ages are 2435.9 Ma and 2477 Ma for the Henglingguan metamorphic calc-alkaline monzogranites and Beiyu metamorphic trondhjemites, respectively, and reveal -2600 Ma inherited core in magmatic zircons. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that all the Henglingguan and Beiyu metamorphic trondhjemites and calc- alkaline monzogranites belong to the metaluminous medium- and high-potassium calc-alkaline series. These rocks are characterized by relatively high total alkali contents （Na2O＋K2O, up to 9.08%）, depleted Nb, Ta, P and Ti, and right-declined REE patterns with moderate to high LREEs/HREEs fractionation （the mean ratio of （La/Yb）n = 25）. The Henglingguan and Beiyu metamorphic trondhjemites display negative Rb, Th and K anomalies in the multi-dement spider diagrams normalized by primitive mantle. Sm-Nd isotopic data reveal that these granitoids have initial εNd（t） =-1.2 to ＋2.4 and Nd depleted mantle model ages of TMD = 2622 Ma-2939 Ma. All these geochemical features indicate that these granitoids were formed in an continent-marginal arc, and the trondhjemites mainly originated from partial melting of juvenile basaltic materials and, howbeit, the Henglingguan metamorphic calc-alkaline monzogranites derived from recycling of materials in the ancient crust under a continent-marginal arc. The granitic magma underwent contamination and fractional crystallization during their formation.