甘肃北山地区“牛圈子蛇绿岩”属性再研究

牛圈子蛇绿岩被认为是甘肃北山构造单元划分的重要依据,但是其蛇绿岩属性的真实性一直没有得到有效的验证。本次研究工作通过1:5万地质调查和剖面研究,查明其岩石组合、接触关系及野外产出特征;通过对辉长岩岩石地球化学测试与分析,讨论其形成的大地构造背景。研究认为原划牛圈子蛇绿岩岩石组合缺失严重、火山熔岩极不发育、缺失超基性岩、没有混杂堆积特征,没有“岩块+基质”的物质组成样式,也没有深海沉积的记录;同时,辉长岩具有明显壳幔混源的岩石地球化学特征,与N- MORB和OIB的微量元素特征差异较大。综合研究认为前人划分的牛圈子蛇绿岩可能不是典型的蛇绿岩。     

甘肃北山地区“牛圈子蛇绿岩”属性再研究

牛圈子蛇绿岩被认为是甘肃北山构造单元划分的重要依据,但是其蛇绿岩属性的真实性一直没有得到有效的验证。本次研究工作通过1∶5万地质调查和剖面研究,查明其岩石组合、接触关系及野外产出特征;通过对辉长岩岩石地球化学测试与分析,讨论其形成的大地构造背景。研究认为原划牛圈子蛇绿岩岩石组合缺失严重、火山熔岩极不发育、缺失超基性岩、没有混杂堆积特征,没有“岩块+基质”的物质组成样式,也没有深海沉积的记录;同时,辉长岩具有明显壳幔混源的岩石地球化学特征,与N-MORB和OIB的微量元素特征差异较大。综合研究认为前人划分的牛圈子蛇绿岩可能不是典型的蛇绿岩。     

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及大地构造意义

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩的岩石组合为变质橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩和基性熔岩等.该蛇绿岩中辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄(329.9 Ma±1.6 Ma)证明卡拉麦里蛇绿岩的形成时间为早石炭世维宪期.蛇绿岩中辉长岩和基性熔岩REE球粒陨石标准化和微量元素原始地幔标准化分配型式呈平坦型分布,大离子亲石元素丰度低,成分上非常相似于正常的MORB,同时无岛弧及洋岛岩石的地球化学特征,表明该蛇绿岩很可能形成于大洋中脊.结合该区野外地质特征、岩石地球化学和高精度年代学等方面的研究,认为卡拉麦里洋盆形成于泥盆纪初期,最终闭合于旱石炭世谢尔普霍夫期.     

西藏吉定蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造指示意义

吉定蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的中段,是该带保存较好的蛇绿岩之一,通过对该岩体的研究及与附近蛇绿岩剖面的对比有助于恢复早白垩世雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的演化过程。吉定蛇绿岩包括玄武岩、辉绿岩、堆晶岩及地幔橄榄岩四个岩石单元。壳层岩石岩浆结晶顺序为:橄榄石→单斜辉石→斜长石,代表湿岩浆系统分异。吉定蛇绿岩壳层熔岩(玄武岩和辉绿岩)Ti O2含量为0.87%~1.45%,平均1.1%,与印度洋N-MORB玻璃(1.19%)相似。REE配分模式具有明显的LREE亏损特征,稀土配分模式与典型的大洋中脊玄武岩相似。但其微量元素蛛网图上表现为富集LILE,而亏损HFSE,并具有较高LILE/HFSE比值特征,与俯冲带上的(SSZ)蛇绿岩相似。蛇绿岩熔岩在岩石地球化学上表现出既亲MORB,又具部分IAB的特征。结合区域上大竹卡、得几等蛇绿岩岩石及地球化学资料对比分析,提出吉定蛇绿岩形成于在洋内俯冲带上发育起来的弧后盆地,并提出日喀则地区早白垩世洋壳演化的解释模式:雅鲁藏布江中段蛇绿岩至少包含三种组分特征的蛇绿岩体,其代表性剖面分别是吉定,得村和大竹卡,分别形成于近俯冲带的弧后盆地、弧前盆地和弧后盆地,这些洋壳共同组成早白垩世时期的与特提斯洋俯冲带斜交的一条分段发育的洋中脊。     

闽北政和洋后变质超镁铁岩的岩石地球化学及矿物化学研究

岩石化学研究表明，洋后变质超镁铁岩是由变质方辉橄榄岩和变质超镁铁堆积岩组成。变质方辉橄榄岩的微量元素地球化学及矿物化学特征表明，应为亏损的残余地幔产物。通过系统的岩石地球化学、矿物化学及年代学研究，认为洋后变质超镁铁岩可能为华南晚震旦－早古生代的蛇绿岩组成部分。     

武当地块基性岩度群岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

南秦岭构造带武当地块核部的基性岩席群,是在古生代地幔底侵作用导致地壳伸展过程中岩浆沿主拆离面及基底变质岩群内次一级滑脱面侵位形成。岩席群岩石地球化学特征的研究表明,其主元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学与勉略缝合带发育的蛇绿岩组合中的辉绿岩和大洋玄武岩之岩石地球化学特点相似,结合同位素地质学资料,本认为武当地块基性岩席群所代表的这次拉伸作用与略洋的打开是同一构造背景下不同阶段的产物。     

华北断块西南部晚太古代变质铁矿建造的原岩恢复及铁矿成因类型探讨

本文试图通过主要造岩元素的岩石化学和微量元素地球化学,以八台、桂村、老羊沟地区为例,对华北断块西南部晚太古代的变质铁矿建造的原岩进行恢复,并对铁矿成因类型作一初步探讨。     

新疆唐巴勒蛇绿岩地球化学特征及构造环境

对西准噶尔唐巴勒蛇绿混杂岩带进行了较系统的岩石学、地球化学方面的研究,认为其主体由变质橄榄岩、堆晶杂岩、岩墙群、基性熔岩和深海沉积岩组成。岩石地球化学数据表明其具轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损的缓右倾近似平坦分布模式特征,相对富集Hf、Sr、Zr等元素,亏损Tb、Ce、Sm等元素,Eu具弱负异常,岩石化学数据显示该蛇绿岩形成构造环境兼并岛弧(IAB)和洋中脊(MORB)特征。     

西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩形成构造环境的地球化学鉴别

本文对西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区夏鲁蛇绿岩中的基性岩石进行了元素地球化学研究。岩石为低钾亚碱性玄武质岩石,具有低TiO2(0.64%～1.5%)、低K2O(<0.69%)、富Na2O(2.5%～6.0%)、烧失量普遍较高(2.0%～7.5%)的特征,表明样品普遍遭受蚀变。岩石具有与N-MORB类似的稀土元素和总体一致的微量元素特征,但是岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素和亏损高场强元素,显示了洋脊玄武岩向着岛弧岩浆作用的过渡趋势。日喀则蛇绿岩不是典型的洋中脊成因,应为SSZ型蛇绿岩,可能形成于与洋内俯冲有关的SSZ型的弧后或者弧前盆地中。对东西延伸超过1500km的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩246套基性岩石形成的构造环境进行的地球化学判别,表明至少存在大陆岛弧型、地幔柱-洋内热点型、洋中脊-大洋岛弧型和典型大洋岛弧型等四种类型洋壳,揭示了特提斯洋存在多种构造环境的特征,有利于恢复和还原一个长期演化的、丰富的特提斯洋。     

西藏日喀则地区雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其源区性质

日喀则地区的蛇绿岩是西藏南部雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带出露较好的蛇绿岩之一。对日喀则地区白朗蛇绿岩的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素研究表明,其基性岩石为钙碱性系列,主要氧化物具有低钛(0.6%~1.1%)和富镁(6.6%~8.7%)、高铝(15.3%~16.0%),以及烧失量普遍较高(2.8%~4.6%)的特征。岩石微量元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,又具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征,表明蛇绿岩受到了俯冲作用的影响。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明源区为略富集的MORB型地幔。白朗蛇绿岩所代表的特提斯地幔域与印度洋地幔域具有相似的地球化学性质,进一步证实了现今的印度洋继承了特提斯地幔域的地球化学特征。     

Petrology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Khoy ophiolite,northwest Iran: implications for Tethyan tectonics

The Khoy ophiolite in northwestern Iran represents a remnant of oceanic lithosphere formed in the Mesozoic Neo-Tethys. This northwest–southeast trending ophiolite complex consists from bottom to top (east to west) of a well-defined basal metamorphic zone, peridotites (dunite, harzburgite) and serpentinized peridotite, gabbros, sheeted dikes, pillow and massive lava flows, and pelagic sedimentary rocks, including radiolarian chert. The rocks of the metamorphic zone have an inverse thermal gradient from amphibolite facies to greenschist facies. The high-grade metamorphic rocks are immediately adjacent to the peridotite and the gabbros and the low-grade rocks are in contact with the Precambrian Kahar Formation. Based on mantle-normalized incompatible trace element diagrams there are two distinct types of basalt flows present at the Khoy ophiolite: (1) massive basalts that have patterns virtually identical to E-MORB, and (2) pillow basalts that have more primitive chemical composition whose trace element patterns plot between E-MORB and N-MORB. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the pillow basalts are LREE-depleted [(La_N/Sm_N)_ave=0.70], similar to patterns for the mean diabase composition for the Oman ophiolite and LREE-depleted basalts of the Band-e-Zeyarat ophiolite of southern Iran. The REE patterns for the massive basalts are similar in general REE abundances to the pillow basalt patterns, but they are slightly LREE-enriched [(La_N/Sm_N)_ave=1.09] and their patterns cross those of the pillow basalts. The REE patterns for the gabbros and diorites indicates that the crustal-suite rocks were most likely derived by a process of fractional crystallization from a common basaltic melt. This basaltic melt was most likely generated by approx. 20–25% partial melting of a simple lherzolite source and had REE concentrations of roughly 10× chondrite. A comparison between the results from the Khoy ophiolite and the data from other Iranian ophiolites reveals geochemical evidence to suggest a tectonic link between the Khoy ophiolite and the rest of the Iranian ophiolites. Our results suggest that Khoy ophiolite is equivalent to the inner group of Iranian ophiolites (e.g. Nain, Shahr-Babak, Sabzevar, Tchehel Kureh and Band-e-Zeyarat) and was formed as a result of closure of the northwestern branch of a narrow Mesozoic seaway which once surrounded the Central Iranian microcontinent.     

内蒙古迪彦庙蛇绿岩带达哈特前弧玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古SSZ型迪彦庙蛇绿岩位于兴蒙造山带北部的二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带。笔者最近在迪彦庙蛇绿岩带西侧达哈特一带新发现前弧枕状玄武岩。该玄武岩岩性为低钾拉斑玄武岩,发育球颗结构和枕状构造。通过LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得玄武岩中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为333.4±8.5Ma。岩石SiO_2 42.97%~50.9%,较低的TiO_2 0.59%~0.94%,富Na_2O(1.58%~4.26%)而贫K_2O(0.04%~0.44%),Na_2O/K_2O为9.59~47.3;岩石具有亏损型稀土配分模式,类似N-MORB,但高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta和Ti等比N-MORB稍低,相容元素Cr、Ni和大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba、U比N-MORB稍高,与弧拉斑玄武岩相似。地球化学特征指示达哈特枕状玄武岩兼有洋中脊与岛弧双重特性,而更像洋中脊,与马里亚纳前弧玄武岩(FAB)相一致。这一发现为明确二连-贺根山蛇绿岩带早石炭世存在前弧玄武岩提供了岩石学、年代学和地球化学佐证,表明二连-贺根山洋早石炭世发生了洋内初始俯冲和洋陆转化岩浆作用。     

藏南定日白垩纪火山岩岩石学与地球化学初步研究

本文描述了西藏定日白垩纪火山岩的地质、岩石学、岩石地球化学特征和构造造背景。该火山岩岩石类型有蚀变英安岩和蚀变安山岩,其岩石化学成分特征表明岩石为二氧化硅过饱、铝过饱和类型,属亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈强烈右倾的轻稀土富集型;微量元素配分模式图呈锯齿状“多隆起”型,类似于岛弧火山岩的微量元素配分模式。综合判定该期火山岩形成于大陆边缘造山带岛弧构造环境。     

藏北湖区拉弄蛇绿岩枕状玄武岩地球化学特征及其成因

微量元素分析结果表明,藏北湖区拉弄蛇绿岩中枕状玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba和放射性生热元素Th,且Rb变化混乱;Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,显示出TNT(Ta、Nb和Ti)的负异常现象,具有岛弧型火山岩的特点;而在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图中显示平坦型曲线,玄武岩的(La/Yb)N和(Ce/Yb)N比值同N-MORB接近,表现出N-MORB的特征。通过对其构造环境的判别,并结合蛇绿岩与相邻地质体的关系,提出拉弄蛇绿岩可能是北侧的新特提斯洋在中晚侏罗世向南俯冲消减过程中,在其后缘诱发拉张作用引起次级弧后扩张,形成了新的俯冲带之上的弧后盆地大洋岩石圈,并在后来的拼贴过程中蛇绿岩构造就位于此。     

西藏东巧蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其形成的构造环境

西藏东巧蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩以富Mg、Fe、Cr,贫Ti、ΣREE为特征。辉长岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素特征显示其具有扩张洋脊拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征,其中高场强元素Nb、Ta、zr、Hf等亏损,大离子亲石元素Rb、sr、Ba等相对富集;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似。根据其地球化学属性,推测该区蛇绿岩形成于大洋盆地扩张的构造环境。     

Geochemistry of Precambrian ophiolites from Bou Azzer,Morocco

The Upper Proterozoic ophiolite complex of Bou Azzer, Morocco, includes ultramafic rocks, cumulate gabbros, sheeted dykes, pillow lavas and diorite-quartz diorite intrusions and an overlying volcano-sedimentary sequence. The gabbroic cumulates, basaltic flows and dykes have compositions similar to recent ocean-floor rocks (N- and/or T-type). Among other features, they have comparable light REE-depleted patterns and relations of Ti-Zr and La-Nb. Although fractional crystallization played an important role in the evolution of these rocks, the large variations in their chemical compositions require generation from a heterogeneous upper mantle source and/or by a dynamic partial melting process. Diorites, quartz diorites and the volcanic rocks of the overlying sequence are calc-alkaline, genetically unrelated to the tholeiitic suite and indicative of an island arc setting. A possible tectonic model for the ophiolite complex is a marginal basin just behind a still active island arc.     

Petrogenesis of tholeiite associations in Kudi ophiolite (western Kunlun Mountains, northwestern China): implications for the evolution of back-arc basins

The Kudi ophiolite in the western Kunlun Mountains comprises harzburgites, dunites, cumulate dunites, cumulate pyroxenites and gabbros, diabase dikes, and pillow and massive lavas, and are fragments of a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolite from the Early Paleozoic. The extrusive rocks can be classified into three groups of tholeiites: back-arc basin (BAB) tholeiites, low-Ti island arc tholeiites (IAT), and LREE-enriched IAT, as shown by their distinctive geochemical characteristics. The SSZ-type mantle peridotites, the cumulate complex with arc tholeiite affinity, and BABB-type diabase dikes and basalts constitute an upper mantle and crustal section of a back-arc basin formed by coupling of MORB-type mantle upwelling with fluid efflux from slab devolatilization. The low-Ti IAT are characterized by low Ti and HFSE, and slightly U-shaped or LREE-depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and represent melts derived from a depleted mantle source region (extraction of BABB magma) modified compositionally by fluids and/or melts from the subducting lithospheric slab during propagation and extension of the back-arc basin. We interpret the LREE-enriched IAT as products of closure of the back-arc basin because an interaction between the parental magma of this IAT and the mantle peridotites (formerly the upper mantle of the basin) in a newly formed mantle wedge had occurred.     

Mafic forearc cumulates and associated rocks in the central high-pressure belt of the Acatlán Complex of southern México: geochemical constraints

The high-pressure (HP) Piaxtla Suite at Tehuitzingo contains peridotites, gabbros, and serpentinized peridotites, as well as granitoids and metasedimentary rocks. The HP mafic rocks are characterized by low SiO₂ (38–52 wt.%) and high Mg# (～48–70), Ni (100–470 ppm), and Cr (180–1750 ppm), typical of cumulate compositions. Trace elements and rare earth element (REE) primitive mantle-normalized patterns display generally flat profiles, indicative of derivation from a primitive mantle with two distinct patterns: (1) gabbroic patterns are characterized by a positive Eu anomaly, low REE abundances, and slightly depleted high REE (HREE) relative to low REE (LREE), typical of cumulus olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase; and (2) mafic-intermediate gabbroic patterns exhibit very flat profiles characteristic of olivine and clinopyroxene as cumulus minerals. Their Nb/Y and Zr/TiO₂ ratios suggest a subalkaline character, whereas low Ti/V ratios indicate that the Tehuitzingo cumulates are island arc tholeiitic basalts that resemble modern, immature oceanic, forearc magmas. These cumulates have high values of ? _Nd(t) = 5.3–8.5 and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.18–0.23, which renders calculations of model ages meaningless. Our data are consistent with the Tehuitzingo arc rocks being part of a tectonically extruded Devonian–early Carboniferous arc developed along the west margin of Gondwana.     

辽宁鞍山地区陈台沟蛇绿岩地球化学特征

岩石化学、地球化学资料表明,古太古代陈台沟蛇绿岩由绿泥滑石片岩和蛇纹岩（橄榄岩）、角闪岩类岩石（拉斑玄武岩）、石英岩（远洋深海硅质岩）组成,它们具备蛇绿岩套层序的基本特征,可能为古太古代洋壳残片.陈台沟蛇绿岩具有贫硅、贫碱、低钛,而富铁、镁,稀土总量很低的特点.微量元素分析结果表明该蛇绿岩中的玄武岩富集K、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Hf等高场强元素,具有岛弧型火山岩的特点,其在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图解中主要显示平坦型曲线.陈台沟蛇绿岩的形成环境可能为岛弧环境.     

Origin of the Zedang and Luobusa Ophiolites,Tibet

The Zedang and Luobusa ophiolites are located in the eastern section of the Yalung Zangbo ophiolite belt,and they share similar geological tectonic setting and age.Thus,an understanding of their origins is very important for discussion of the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean.There is no complete ophiolite assemblage in the Zedang ophiolite.The Zedang ophiolite is mainly composed of mantle peridotite and a suite of volcanic rocks as well as siliceous rocks,with some blocks of olivinepyroxenite.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of Cpx-harzburgite,harzburgite,some lherzolite,and some dunite.A suite of volcanic rocks is mainly composed of caic-aikaline pyroclastic rocks and secondly of tholeiitic pillow lavas,basaltic andesites,and some boninitic rocks with a lower TiO2 content （TiO2 ＜ 0.6％）.The pyroclastic rocks have a LREE-enriched REE pattern and a LILE-enriched （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,demonstrating an island-arc origin.The tholeiitic volcanic rock has a LREE-depleted REE pattern and a LILE-depleted （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,indicative of an origin from MORB.The boninitic rock was generated from fore-arc extension.The Luobusa ophiolite consists of mantle peridotite and mafic-ultramaflc cumulate units,without dike swarms and volcanic rocks.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of dunite,harzburgite with low-Opx （Opx ＜ 25％）,and harzburgite （Opx ＞ 25％）,which can be divided into two facies belts.The upper is a dunite-harzburgite （Opx ＜ 25％） belt,containing many dunite lenses and a large-scale chromite deposit with high Cr203; the lower is a harzburgite （Opx ＞25％） belt with small amounts of dunite and lherzolite.The Luobusa mantle peridotite exhibits a distinctive vertical zonation of partial melting with high melting in the upper unit and low melting in the lower.Many mantle peridotites are highly depleted,with a characteristic U-shaped REE pattern peculiar to fore-arc peridotite.The Luobusa cumulates are composed of wehrlite and olivine-pyroxenite,of the P-P-G ophiolite series.This study indicates that the Luobusa ophiolite was formed in a fore-arc basin environment on the basis of the occurrence of highly depleted mantle peridotite,a high-Cr2O3 chromite deposit,and cumulates of the P-P-G ophiolite series.We conclude that the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean involved three stages：the initial ocean stage （formation of MORB volcanic rock and dikes）,the forearc extension stage （formation of high-Cr203 chromite deposits and P-P-G cumulates）,and the islandarc stage （formation of caic-alkaline pyroclastic rocks）.