鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘二叠系山西组山1段-下石盒子组盒8段物源分析

针对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上古生界山1段与盒8段沉积物来源以及这两个层段物源是否发生改变等问题,依据物源分析方法,对研究区古水流特征、重矿物特征、镜下长石、岩屑特征以及稀土元素特征进行系统分析。通过古水流特征可初步判断研究区山1段与盒8段为多物源;重矿物组合可将研究区盒8段分为四个区域,分别为研究区北部,西南,东南和中部,且根据锆石和白钛矿的含量又可将研究区北部分出两个小的区域;沉积物碎屑以及稀土元素等特征反映出研究区北部具有远源沉积的特征,南部具有近源沉积的特征;山1段物源与盒8段物源分析结果比较类似。综合以上分析结果得出:山1段时期,盆地北部的阴山古陆为研究区北部提供沉积物来源;研究区西南部沉积物质来源于西秦岭与祁连山古陆的中北部;东南部地层沉积物来源于盆地南缘的北秦岭地区,汇水区位于环县、华池一带;盒8段时期阴山古陆继续为本次研究区北部提供碎屑沉积物,研究区西南部碎屑沉积物来自当时的祁连古陆的中北部盒秦岭古陆的西部,东南部物源来自北秦岭古陆,沉积物交汇区同样位于环县、华池一带;山1与盒8两个时期的沉积物物源没有发生改变,二者沉积物源具有继承性;另外根据REE特征,可判断出沉积时期除汇水区地势较低外,研究区东南部也存在一处规模较小的洼陷。     

渤海西部表层沉积物的稀土元素分布特征与物源约束

对渤海西部44个表层沉积物样品进行电感耦合等离子体质谱法测试,分析了稀土元素(REE)含量,探讨了渤海西部稀土元素分布特征及其物源约束。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物的稀土配分模式与中国黄土的接近,表明研究区沉积物主要来自于周边大陆。渤海西部表层沉积物稀土元素富集与粒度效应研究表明,∑REE与Mg、Ti、Co、Cr、Li和细粒沉积物呈明显正相关,而与砂质沉积物呈显著负相关,与Zr无明显正或负的相关性。渤海西部表层沉积物稀土元素参数特征值离散图和Q-型聚类分析结果,可将研究海域沉积物划分为3个不同的地球化学分区,研究区中部和西北部海域为∑REE高值区,其物质主要来源于海河和黄河;研究区南部、东南部沉积物主要来源于黄河物质输入;研究区东北部滦河口外沉积物主要来源于滦河物质。     

渤海东部和黄海北部表层沉积物稀土元素的分布特征与物源判别

为了探讨渤海东部和黄海北部稀土元素分布特征及其影响因素,对渤海东部和黄海北部138个表层沉积物样品进行电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析.结果表明:渤海东部和黄海北部沉积物的配分模式与中国黄土的接近,与周边的鸭绿江、黄河等河流输入物质也有相似性,表明研究区沉积物主要来自于周边大陆.沉积物物源判别结果显示:山东半岛近岸及其西南部沉积物主要来源于黄河,该区域沉积物分布受山东半岛沿岸流及近岸潮流影响;研究区东部沉积物稀土元素组成特征与鸭绿江沉积物组成相近,表明研究区东部沉积物可能由鸭绿江供应;研究区西北部沉积物主要来源于黄河及辽宁沿岸物质输入,局部有滦河、六股河物质存在;研究区东南部物质主要来源于黄河.对沉积物稀土元素百分含量及参数特征值进行了Q型聚类分析,将研究海域沉积物划分为4个不同的区域,分别为北黄海东部区域(Ⅰ)、山东半岛近岸周边区域(Ⅱ)、渤海东部中部区域(Ⅲ)及研究区的西北部与东南部分布区(Ⅳ).      

北部湾东部海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义

对南海北部湾东部海域61个站位表层沉积物的常量元素分析结果表明,研究区沉积物中的常量元素以SiO2、Al2O3和CaO含量最高,平均含量分别为61.83%、11.18%和5.32%,其中SiO2、Al2O3代表了陆源碎屑组分,CaO代表了生物碎屑组分。沉积物中常量元素的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,表明元素的丰度受沉积物粒度控制明显;而元素较低的富集系数,指示沉积物中的碎屑物质主要为地壳来源。元素相关分析和R型因子分析表明,沉积作用、粒度效应、海洋生物作用和自生作用等,对沉积物中常量元素的分布起着主要控制作用。在因子分析基础上,应用Q型聚类法并综合元素空间分布规律和富集特征,把研究区分为六个地球化学分区:Ⅰ区沉积物主要来源于北部湾北部的河流输砂和近岸侵蚀物;Ⅱ区为琼州海峡东侧来砂、昌化江以及红河等其他河流输砂以及北部湾周边近岸侵蚀物的混合沉积;Ⅲ区主要为红河输砂;Ⅳ区沉积物主要来源于海南岛西部和南部近岸侵蚀物,另外海洋生物活动和自生作用也是该区沉积物的重要物质来源;Ⅴ区和Ⅵ区为北部湾湾内沉积物与外海沉积物共同作用下的混合沉积,其中Ⅵ区部分海域的沉积物受到自生作用影响。     

南黄海中部泥质沉积区DLC70-3孔稀土元素及环境意义

通过对南黄海中部泥质区北缘DLC70-3孔沉积物全岩组分的∑REE、分布模式和分异参数及其他地球化学相关指标的分析,讨论了沉积物物源以及ω(∑REE)变化的控制因素.分析结果表明DLC70-3孔沉积物稀土元素上陆壳标准化分布模式均为轻稀土元素适度富集缓右倾斜型、Eu呈负异常模式,与现代黄河沉积物的分布模式一致;[ω( ...     

塔里木盆地东北部中—上奥陶统沉积物源与构造背景相关性分析

基于塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格露头区却尔却克山、元宝山和南雅尔当山中—上奥陶统宏观沉积特征分析,结合钻井、地震资料分析,对盆地东北部巨厚的中—上奥陶统碎屑岩沉积物源及其构造背景相关性进行了探讨。中—上奥陶统却尔却克组发育复理石建造,综合重矿物组合、矿物成熟度参数、砂岩主、微量元素、稀土元素和阴极发光等提供的物源信息,反映物源区主要为大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘构造背景。却尔却克组沉积早期物源区主要来自北部古陆,主要为酸性花岗岩类和变质岩类,却尔却克组沉积中后期,除来自北部的物源外,还有来自东南部阿尔金造山带的火山碎屑物质的加入。中—上奥陶统沉积物源分析为塔里木盆地东北部地区中晚奥陶世构造隆升与沉积充填关系研究提供重要依据。     

南海北部湾全新世以来沉积物地球化学特征及物源分析

为探讨全新世以来南海北部湾沉积物的沉积环境变化,对北部湾海域的SO-31沉积物柱状样进行了元素地球化学分析。根据元素地球化学的垂向分布特征,将SO-31沉积柱划分为3个单元,反映了全新世不同时期的区域海平面波动以及沉积物物源的变化。SO-31沉积柱的稀土元素配分曲线和La/Co与La/Sc散点图分析表明:111 400~12 800 a BP(全新世前期),研究区海平面较低,红河、其他周边河流及海岸侵蚀物均为本区的主要物源;28 500~1 1400 a BP(全新世早期),随着海平面的逐渐上升,河口和岸线逐渐后退,各物源供给区对本区沉积物的贡献量也发生了相应变化,相对而言红河贡献率有所下降;30~8 500 a BP(中全新世至今),区域海平面持续上升导致了琼州海峡打开,北部湾水动力环境和物源供给发生了剧变,红河对本区的物源贡献逐渐变小,而来自北部湾东部的物质成为本区沉积物的主要物源。     

南海北部深水区沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义

对南海北部白云深水区沉积物稀土元素的研究表明,渐新世至中新世的物源发生较大变化。渐新世时期,白云深水区不同区域稀土元素的分布特征差异明显,表明沉积物物源不同。深水区北部沉积物主要来自古珠江物源区,深水区东、西部沉积物中含有较多中基性火山物质,南部则主要包含基性火山物质,说明当时南海北部地区构造活动较强,存在较多火山活动,火山活动由北向南基性成分增多。渐新世末的白云运动使南海北部深水区产生强烈持续沉降,造成陆架坡折带北移,白云深水区从渐新世浅海陆架环境演化为中新世陆坡深水环境,中新世期间沉积物主要来自深水区北部的珠江三角洲物源,深水区东部存在东沙隆起源区,而深水区南部沉积物在中新世仍受到基性火山活动的影响。     

广西涠洲岛全新世上升海滩沉积及其成岩作用

涠洲岛是广西北部湾中的一个火山岛,该岛由第四纪喜山期的喷出岩,主要是玄武岩和火山碎屑岩、凝灰质砂岩等所构成。岛的北部、西部和东部沿岸多处发育有珊瑚岸礁,它们是向海岸地带供应大量各种生物骨壳碎屑的物源区。在海滩地带相应地发育了以生物砂、砾屑为主的海滩沉积。所观察的岛北部和西部的全新世海滩沉积(与海南岛类似的沉积岩层比较,推断可能属全新世)由于海平面下降而处于     

鄂尔多斯镇原地区下白垩统砂岩地球化学特征及其对物源区、构造背景的指示

本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区下白垩统砂岩进行主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素REE等地球化学分析, 就下白垩统砂岩的沉积再循坏特征、化学风化及其构造背景和物质来源等展开讨论。研究表明: ① 下白垩统洛河组、环河组和罗汉洞组的物源主体上具有相似性, 且在构造背景、物源区及物源特征上有良好的继承性。物源区总体具有富石英、富方解石胶结物、钾长石或富钾矿物较斜长石多的特点, 罗汉洞组较环河组和洛河组硅质更高、方解石胶结物更少、质更纯。稀土元素REE配分模式曲线一致, 轻重稀土分馏明显, 富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Pb、Sr和轻稀土元素, 亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Th、Y等,自下而上随着地层变新, 沉积岩中总的稀土含量有变小的趋势, 重稀土元素分馏程度减小; ② 研究区下白垩统砂岩原始物质主要为长英质与基性岩混合岩 (如中酸性侵入岩、长英质变质岩)及部分沉积岩。研究区大部分沉积物是鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘逆冲推覆带母岩风化剥蚀的产物搬运至此沉积形成, 系首次沉积的物质, 少数沉积物 (即风成砂)为就地再次搬运堆积形成, 系再循环沉积物质; ③ 在构造背景上具有以被动大陆边缘构造环境占主要优势的特点。碎屑物主要来源于陆块源区, 其次来源于再旋回造山带和混合源区。     

南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征及物源分析

应用X射线衍射(XRD)对南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物黏土组分进行分析,结果表明,研究区黏土矿物总体以伊利石和绿泥石为主,高岭石和蒙脱石质量分数少,绿泥石、高岭石与蒙脱石质量分数呈明显的负相关关系。根据南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物中黏土矿物空间分布特征,结合邻近河流的黏土矿物组分以及洋流搬运作用,雷州半岛东部海域伊利石主要来源于广东沿海河流和珠江,绿泥石来自台湾岛,蒙脱石主要由吕宋河流提供,高岭石则由广东沿海河流和海南岛入海河流提供;雷州半岛西部海域伊利石来源于珠江,绿泥石和高岭石由红河提供,蒙脱石可能受广西入海河流携带的沉积物影响。     

Grain size and geochemistry of surface sediments in northwestern continental shelf of the South China Sea

Eighty-six surface sediments collected from the northwestern continental shelf of the South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for grain size distribution, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and major and trace element compositions to investigate sediment provenance and factors controlling their geochemical composition. Sediments from the eastern continental shelf of Hainan Island have higher sand and lower clay content, while the samples from the nearshore Hainan Island have higher contents of gravel and clay. Calcium carbonate contents in samples show a positive correlation with water depth in northwestern shelf of SCS, suggesting that it is related to biological factors. However, the nearshore sediments have higher contents of organic carbon compared to those of the outer shelf, possibly suggesting that the terrigenous organic matter usually deposited in nearshore environments such as bays and estuaries. Compared with the upper continental crust, the samples have relatively lower contents of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, higher than those of the Pearl and Red river sediments. The low contents of K₂O and Na₂O in sediments from the northwestern continental shelf are consistent with intense chemical weathering in the river basin due to the seasonally hot and humid climate regime. The sediments mainly consist of three components, including the gravel fraction composed of calcareous debris, the sand fraction composed of quartz, and the silt and clay fractions mainly composed of clay minerals. The content of each component depends on grain size, sediment source, biogenesis, and hydrodynamic conditions, which finally controls the chemical composition of the sediments. The distributions of Co/Al₂O₃, Cr/Al₂O₃, and Zr/Sc ratios for sediments in the northwestern continental shelf suggest that source rocks are mainly composed of felsic rocks rather than mafic rocks. There is a distinct difference in sediment source between eastern and western shelf sediments; the eastern shelf sediments are characterized by high Zr/Sc ratios mainly derived from the Pearl River, while the western shelf sediments have relatively low values of Zr/Sc indicating a main contribution possibly sourced from the Red River Basin. Terrigenous materials from Hainan Island usually influence the geochemistry of sediments deposited in the nearshore area.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000266

Major,trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations of Late Triassic sediments(finegrained sandstones and mudstones) from Hongcan Well 1 in the NE part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin, western China,are used to reveal weathering,provenance and tectonic setting of inferred source areas. The Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA) reflects a low to moderate degree of chemical weathering in a cool and somewhat dry climate,and an A-CN-K plot suggests an older upper continental crust provenance dominated by felsic to intermediate igneous rocks of average tonalite composition.Based on the various geochemical tectonic setting discrimination diagrams,the Late Triassic sediments are inferred to have been deposited in a back-arc basin situated between an active continental margin(the Kunlun-Qinling Fold Belt) and a continental island arc(the Yidun Island Arc).The Triassic sediments in the study area underwent a rapid erosion and burial in a proximal slope-basin environment by the petrographic data. while the published flow directions of Triassic lurbidites in the Aba-Zoige region was not supported Yidun volcanic arc source.Therefore,we suggest that the Kunlun-Qinling tcrrane is most likely to have supplied source materials to the northeast part of the Songpan-Ganzi Basin during the Late Triassic.     

REE geochemistry of the recent playa sediments from the Thar Desert, India: An implication to playa sediment provenance

The playas (saline lakes) situated in the Thar Desert, north-west India, provide prominent examples of alkaline brine and varying assemblages of detrital and evaporite mineralogy. The eastern margin of the desert is relatively semi-arid, whereas the central to western region is arid to hyper-arid in nature. Rare earth elements (REEs) systematics in the sediments of nine different playas of the Thar Desert were studied to understand the provenance of the sediments and the intensity of chemical weathering in the region. Based on the REE patterns, fractionation of light REE (LREE) (La/Sm)_N and heavy REE (HREE) (Gd/Yb)_N, and Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*), the upper continental crust normalised playa sediments are divided into two different groups. The eastern margin playa sediments show homogeneous REE contents, relatively positive Eu anomaly and depleted HREE values, whereas the western arid core playa sediments have highly variable REE contents, relatively negative Eu anomaly and similarly fractioned LREE and HREE patterns. The dissimilarity in the degree of HREE fractionations both in the eastern and western playa sediments is attributed to the differential distribution of minerals, depending upon their resistance to chemical weathering. It is believed that the relatively higher abundance of REE bearing heavy minerals and the presence of higher amounts of evaporites influence the large variation of REE distribution and enriched HREE in the western playa sediments. Apart from the relatively higher abundance of heavy minerals, the presence of rock fragments of variable petrographic character and roundness mirror the lower rock–water interaction in the arid western region. The presence of well-rounded metamorphic rock fragments and minerals, sourced from the eastern margin Aravalli mountains, indicates that the playas of the entire desert get the detrital and dissolved material mainly from the Aravalli mountains. Additionally, the western playas receive sediments from their surrounding Proterozoic and Mesozoic formations. This interpretation is supported by the presence of angular rock fragments of basalt, rhyolite and limestone in the western playas.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组的物源分析

笔者从区域沉积背景入手,对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长3油层组泥岩稀土元素、碳酸盐岩岩屑、轻重矿物、砂岩粒度等进行综合分析研究,认为研究区内存在混合物源,物源方向主要有北东向和西南向,并初步判断,北东物源的边界大致在南梁-华池地区,西南物源的边界大约在悦乐地区。     

Provenance and tectonic setting of the metapelites deposits in the Bulfat Complex,NE-Iraq

Major and trace elements including rare earth elements (REEs) chemistry of the metapelitic rocks of Bulfat Complex (Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone) indicate their enrichment in large-ion Lithophile, light rare earth (LREE) elements, and relative depletion of high field strength and heavy rare earth (HREE) elements. The linear correlation coefficients between TiO₂, K₂O, and Al₂O₃ and total REE reveal that phyllosilicates (e.g., mica) and accessory minerals mainly Ti-bearing phases (e.g., ilmenite) are likely the dominant hosts for REEs. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns typical of continental margin settings with significant enrichment of LREE, prominent negative Eu anomalies, and nearly flat HREE are positively correlated with post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS) and upper continental crust (UCC) patterns. Additionally, their consistent elemental La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Cr/Th, and Eu/Eu* values suggest that sediments may have been originally derived from an old post-Archean upper continental crust composed chiefly of granitic component. It seems most likely that the felsic source rocks were originated by a process of intra-crustal differentiation such as partial melting and/or fractional crystallization involving fractionation of Ca-plagioclase. The geochemical evidences particularly REEs evaluation show that deposition of clasts occurred in an active continental margin setting during lower–upper Cretaceous period contemporaneous with the igneous activities. It is evident therefore that the clasts source is from the north–northeast side, i.e., from the active margin of Iranian microcontinent (Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone).     

Petrography and Geochemistry of the Upper Triassic Sandstones from the Western Ordos Basin,NW China: Provenance and Tectonic Implications

Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the Upper Triassic sandstones in the western Ordos Basin were studied to provide insight into weathering characteristics, provenance, and tectonic implications. Petrographic features show that the sandstones are characterized by low-medium compositional maturity and textural maturity. The CIA and CIW values reveal weak and moderate weathering history in the source area. The geochemical characteristics together with palaeocurrent data show that the northwestern sediments were mainly derived from the Alxa Block with a typical recycled nature, while the provenance of the western and southwestern sediments were mainly from the Qinling-Qilian Orogenic Belt. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams signify that the parent rocks of sandstones in the western and southern Ordos Basin were mainly developed from continental island arc, which is closely related to the evolution of the Qinling-Qilian Orogenic Belt. However, the sandstones in the northwestern Ordos Basin show complex features, which may be resulted from a typical recycling process. Overall evidence from petrography, geochemistry and sedimentology, together with previous researches suggest the Kongtongshan and Helanshan areas were the southwestern and northwestern boundary of the Ordos Basin, respectively, and there was no clear boundary between the Hexi Corridor Belt and Ordos Basin, where a large, uniform sediment dispersal system developed during the Late Triassic.     

Optimal schemes of groundwater exploitation for prevention of seawater intrusion in the Leizhou Peninsula in southern China

The Lei-Qiong Depression Zone, near the Leizhou Peninsula in southern China, consists of unconsolidated sediments of 500-3,000 m thickness. Groundwater occurs in a multi-aquifer system in the Leizhou Peninsula. The aquifers receive recharge from precipitation, canal and reservoir infiltration, and discharge mainly through subterranean drainage into the sea. Artificial pumping for drinking and agricultural purposes is another way of groundwater discharge. Groundwater development along the coast faces the threat of seawater intrusion. A quasi-three-dimensional finite element model, containing 457 nodes and 833 elements, has been used to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater levels in the three-aquifer system. Verification of various aquifer parameters and boundary conditions was performed with the simulation model. Linear programming models have been developed for groundwater exploitation within the two confined aquifers. The objective function of the models is to maximize the total groundwater pumpage from the confined aquifers. Control of seawater intrusion is examined by restricting the water levels at points along the coast and the withdrawal rates in coastal management cells. A response matrix approach was used in the optimization models. The response matrix was obtained from the simulation model by forecasting drawdown produced by pumping at a unit impulse discharge. Groundwater development in the Leizhou Peninsula can be primarily optimized by allocating the pumping rates of the management cells.