新疆东准噶尔克拉麦里蛇绿岩地球化学：洋脊俯冲的产物

新疆东准噶尔克拉麦里蛇绿岩中的镁铁质岩兼具有洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAB)的特征,岩石地球化学特征表现为轻稀土(LREE)亏损、平坦或略微富集,不同程度地亏损高场强元素(HFSE)而富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),成分上非常相似于受洋脊俯冲影响的 Chile Ridge 和 Cocos Ridge 玄武岩。可以认为其可能形成于受洋脊俯冲影响的岛弧或弧前扩张环境。相对较高的ε_(Nd)(t)(7.2～9.8)、低 Nb/Zr、Ta/Yb 比值,说明在洋脊俯冲的影响下,其源区可能存在有至少三种组分:弧下地幔、来自消减板片流体和俯冲沉积物、MORB 地幔。     

泰国北部清莱-南邦带弧火山岩特征研究

从岩相学特征、岩石组合、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素、大地构造环境等诸多方面分析清迈带洋脊/洋岛玄武岩的东侧分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世(P2—T1)火山岩认为其具有陆缘弧火山岩特征。火山岩组合为玄武安山岩-安山岩-流纹岩;火山岩系列以钙碱性系列为主,拉斑系列次之;火山岩的化学成分以高Al2O3为特征,稀土模式为轻稀土富集右倾斜型;微量元素大阳离子元素富集,普遍富U,Th亏损Ti,Cr和P;岩石化学投点均落在岛弧火山岩区,与中国澜沧江带陆缘弧火山岩投点相一致。该陆缘弧火山岩带与清迈带的洋脊/洋岛型火山岩构成了成对分布的洋脊火山岩-弧岩浆岩带,指示清迈带洋壳向东俯冲。     

西藏隆巴俄桑地区玄武岩与安山玢岩的地球化学:对班公湖-怒江洋构造演化的启示

狮泉河-永珠-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带的构造属性及其与班公湖-怒江缝合带演化的关系,是了解班公湖-怒江洋中生代构造演化的关键.对隆巴俄桑地区的玄武岩和安山玢岩脉开展了岩石地球化学研究.结果表明,玄武岩属拉斑玄武岩系列,富集LREE和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti,与岛弧拉斑玄武岩特征一致.安山玢岩脉属拉斑玄武岩系列,有向钙碱系列演化的趋势,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb、U等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,显示岛弧成因岩浆岩地球化学特征,低ΣREE（11.8×10-6~13.8×10-6）,（La/Yb）_N=0.37~0.43,亏损LREE,与N-MORB相似,具有岛弧岩浆岩（IAB）和正常洋中脊玄武岩（N-MORB）双重特征,与不成熟的弧后盆地玄武岩（BABB）特征一致.综合区域地质资料认为,隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩形成的构造环境均与俯冲相关,可能分别形成于班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减相关的洋内或者活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境和不成熟的弧后盆地环境,是中侏罗至早白垩世期间班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减的再循环的产物.      

西藏永珠—纳木湖蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造环境初探

西藏永珠—纳木湖蛇绿岩中的变质橄榄岩从超镁铁质岩到镁铁质岩均表现出高镁,其玄武岩、辉长岩的TiO2含量较低,表现出非大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩的特征。微量元素、大离子亲石元素相对富集,玄武岩的Nb、Ta亏损,显示其在产出时受到俯冲作用的影响,具有岛弧玄武岩的特点,但Th的高度富集和无Zr、Hf负异常说明它又不同于岛弧玄武岩。稀土元素含量较低,在球粒陨石标准化稀土分布模式图上玄武岩为平坦型,无Eu异常,显示其具有原生岩浆成分的特点;辉长岩的稀土配分模式也为平坦型,但有Eu正异常。通过与典型地区作对比和应用构造环境判别图解,判定出该区蛇绿岩的形成环境为弧后盆地。     

青海拉脊山东段峡门蛇绿混杂岩带的物质确定及其构造意义

在拉脊山东段青海省民和县峡门镇以南地区新识别出一条蛇绿混杂岩带,其物质组成复杂,构造岩块主要由蛇绿岩岩块、外来岩块、火山岩岩块以及变沉积岩岩块组成. 基性火山熔岩和辉绿岩具轻稀土富集的"右倾"配分模式,大离子亲石元素Ba、Th、Sr相对富集,高场强元素P、Ti、Nb相对亏损,总体岩石地球化学特征与岛弧拉斑玄武岩类似. 岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素年代学特征及区域资料综合研究认为,峡门蛇绿岩属与俯冲有关的SSZ型蛇绿岩,很可能是早古生代原特提斯洋俯冲消减的弧后小洋盆,属于弧后盆地扩张型蛇绿岩.     

弧后盆地玄武岩(BABB)数据挖掘:与MORB及IAB的对比

弧后盆地玄武岩(BABB)全球分布有限,与板块俯冲有关,位于岛弧外侧,规模小,寿命短,现代BABB主要分布于西太平洋。通常认为,BABB地球化学成分变化较大,包括正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)、富集洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB)、岛弧玄武岩(IAB)及少量洋岛玄武岩(OIB)组分。在玄武岩构造判别图中,BABB大多在洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)范围内,说明BABB类似MORB。新的全球MORB数据研究表明,MORB包含了从MORB到OIB及IAB的组分,而BABB相对于MORB更富集Cs,Rb,U,Ba,Th和Pb等不相容元素,有明显的Nb-Ta负异常,表明BABB兼具MORB和IAB的地球化学特征,是俯冲流体及沉积物参与其岩浆作用过程所致,大多是在湿的条件下部分熔融形成的。弧后盆地可分为初始弧后盆地和成熟弧后盆地,前者玄武岩具有明显的岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征,而后者玄武岩更接近MORB的特征。     

南澜沧江带北段上二叠统陆缘弧火山岩的厘定

从岩石组合、岩相学特征、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素、大地构造环境等诸多方面分析云县-临沧花岗岩东侧的小定西、崴里等地分布的上二叠统P2火山岩具有陆缘弧火山岩特征。火山岩组合以玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩为主,极少量的粗安岩-粗面岩;火山岩系列以钙碱性系列为主,拉斑系列及碱性系列较少;火山岩的化学成分以A l2O3低T iO2为特征,K2O含量显示极强的极性;稀土模式为轻稀土富集右倾斜型;微量元素大阳离子元素富集,亏损T i,C r和部分亏损P,N b;岩石化学投图绝大部分落在岛弧火山岩区,与南澜沧江带南段及北澜沧江带陆缘弧火岩投点相一致。厘定了南澜沧江带北段上二叠统P2陆缘弧火山岩的存在。该陆缘弧火岩带与昌宁-孟连带的洋脊/洋岛型火山岩、蛇绿岩构成了成对分布的洋脊火山岩、蛇绿岩-弧岩浆岩带,指示澜沧江洋壳向东俯冲。该成果对探讨澜沧江带古特提斯的演化具有极重要的作用。     

鄂北大洪山晋宁期MORB-like玄武岩的识别与洋内俯冲作用

鄂北随州大洪山地区出露大量镁铁质岩(如:辉长岩、辉绿岩、(枕状)玄武岩),它们主要以岩块的形式构造混杂在一套碎屑岩中,表现为典型造山带基质-岩块混杂的特征。大洪山镁铁质岩为拉斑玄武岩系列岩石组合,地球化学方面,不相容元素Rb、Ba、K、Th、U富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta亏损,表现为岛弧玄武岩的特点,而平坦的稀土配分模式(ΣLREE/ΣHREE=1.41～4.48,LaN/YbN=0.76～4.79),Zr/Y=2.65～5.38,Ti/V=29.19～54.97,又可与洋中脊玄武岩对比。因此,我们推测大洪山镁铁质岩属于MORB-like玄武岩(或前弧玄武岩)类岩石组合,其形成于洋内初始俯冲环境,成岩岩浆由俯冲洋板片脱水交代亏损洋中脊地幔减压熔融产生。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,分别获得南风垭、绿林寨玄武岩(816.6±7.6) Ma (MSWD=0.47)、(813.1±4.8) Ma (MSWD=0.37)的成岩年龄,结合已经取得的杨家棚辉长岩947 Ma、厂河枕状玄武岩824 Ma、绿林辉绿岩820 Ma的年龄结果,说明大洪山地区的这套前弧镁铁质岩组合大致形成于817～947 Ma,它们可能是多阶段洋内俯冲的产物。大洪山地区这套前弧镁铁质岩的厘定说明扬子地块与桐柏-大别地块之间晋宁期发生过一定规模的洋内-洋陆俯冲和造山运动,二者可能曾在青白口纪晚期拼合到一起。     

老挝孟南县晚石炭世玄武岩地球化学特征及成因

老挝琅勃拉邦孟南县一带广泛分布的晚石炭世玄武岩为钙碱性系列-高钾钙碱性系列,亏损高场强元素,具Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf负异常的弧火山岩特征。岩石稀土总量(ΣREE)较低,轻稀土弱-中等富集,稀土元素配分模式总体协调一致,呈轻稀土富集的右倾斜型;岩石微量元素显示了与陆缘弧火山岩类似的稀土元素和微量元素配分曲线特征。构造环境判别图解表明该区玄武岩形成于陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧环境,是墨江-黎府-罗文真火山弧的基性岩组成部分。岩浆动力来源于晚石炭世哀牢山-斯雷博河洋向西俯冲的消减,其空间展布限定并指示了结合带的空间位置,其构造属性是斯雷博河洋俯冲极性的重要制约。     

老挝孟南县晚石炭世玄武岩地球化学特征及成因

老挝琅勃拉邦孟南县一带广泛分布的晚石炭世玄武岩为钙碱性系列-高钾钙碱性系列,亏损高场强元素,具Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf负异常的弧火山岩特征。岩石稀土总量(ΣREE)较低,轻稀土弱-中等富集,稀土元素配分模式总体协调一致,呈轻稀土富集的右倾斜型;岩石微量元素显示了与陆缘弧火山岩类似的稀土元素和微量元素配分曲线特征。构造环境判别图解表明该区玄武岩形成于陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧环境,是墨江-黎府-罗文真火山弧的基性岩组成部分。岩浆动力来源于晚石炭世哀牢山-斯雷博河洋向西俯冲的消减,其空间展布限定并指示了结合带的空间位置,其构造属性是斯雷博河洋俯冲极性的重要制约。     

东天山党罗塔格构造带晚古生代火山岩地球化学特征及意义

本文报道了觉罗塔格构造带中企鹅山群和雅满苏组火山岩的元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究结果。企鹅山群和雅满苏组火山岩分别以低钾拉斑系列和钙碱性系列为主，玄武岩和安山岩均相对于N-MORB富集轻稀土元素和Sr、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素，而亏损Nb、Zr和Ti等高场强元素，具有较高的Th/Ta和Ta/Yb比值，表明这些火山岩形成于具有陆壳基底的岛弧环境。但是，雅满苏组比企鹅山群具有偏高的K2O、Rb、Th、U、Nb、Zr和REE等不相容元素含量和较高的K2O／Na2O比值。Sr-Nd同位素组成表明企鹅山群和雅满苏组都来自亏损的地幔源区，但后者遭受了明显的陆壳物质混染。这种地球化学组成的差异反映了陆壳基底性质和厚度的不同。结合已有的地质调查结果，我们认为康古尔断裂作为俯冲带是比较合理的，早石炭世存在康古尔洋，而且它很可能发生了南北双向俯冲作用。企鹅山群火山岩是向北侧俯冲在大南湖泥盆纪岛弧南侧增生的产物，而雅满苏组火山岩是通过向南俯冲在中天山地块北缘形成的陆缘弧火山岩。     

赣东北蛇绿混杂岩岩石地球化学特征及构造意义

赣东北蛇绿混杂岩是中国为数不多的新元古代蛇绿岩,对该蛇绿混杂岩带中的方辉橄榄岩和玄武岩类岩石进行元素地球化学研究,以探讨新元古代赣东北地区的构造动力学背景.研究表明,方辉橄榄岩具有低TiO₂(0.02%~0.37%)、低K₂O(0~0.02%)、低Na₂O(0.02%~0.10%)和富MgO(40.81%~44.58%)特征,烧失量普遍较高(10.09%~13.47%),表明样品普遍遭受蚀变;稀土元素配分模式图和微量元素蛛网图显示,橄榄岩样品具有亏损地幔源区特征,同时兼有俯冲带流体交代的特征.玄武岩类SiO₂含量主要为52.63%~56.19%,平均为55.00%,属安山玄武岩范围.岩石具低MgO(3.66%~6.46%),中等TiO₂(1.14%~2.66%),高Al₂O₃(13.07%~15.27%)、Na₂O(3.42%~5.03%)的特征.安山玄武岩轻稀土富集((La/Yb)_N=1.84~2.61),无明显Eu异常,稀土配分曲线呈右倾型;微量元素蛛网图中显示大离子亲石元素Th、Ba、U、Pb富集、高场强元素Nb、Ti亏损,可能系俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔所形成,TNT(Ta、Nb和Ti)的负异常指示赣东北蛇绿混杂岩的形成过程中可能遭受了陆源物质的混染,反映了消减作用的影响.方辉橄榄岩和安山玄武岩的地球化学特征表明赣东北蛇绿混杂岩的形成可能经历了多期演化,早期可能系古华南洋发生洋内俯冲作用,俯冲过程中释放的流体交代了俯冲带上的地幔楔,使地幔橄榄岩富集轻稀土.随后的弧后盆地扩张阶段,形成具有岛弧性质和MORB特征的玄武岩类,但由于弧后盆地发育不成熟,玄武岩类在地球化学上显示有大陆物质的特征,表现出高Pb、低Ti和轻稀土强烈富集.      

西准噶尔洋中海山及其俯冲带处地质效应

随着研究的不断深入,在中亚造山带(CAOB)不断有不同时代的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)被识别出来。在中亚造山带西南缘的西准噶尔地区的多条蛇绿混杂岩带中,也存在具有OIB特征的玄武岩。这些玄武岩呈枕状,与超基性岩、辉长岩、块状玄武岩、灰岩及紫红色硅质岩等紧密共生。地球化学研究表明枕状玄武岩均为碱性系列,具有较高的TiO2含量(大多>2.5%)、强烈富集轻稀土元素、无明显Nb、Ta负异常,与典型的OIB极为相似,认为其可能形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山环境。通过对海山的发展阶段分析认为,西准噶尔地区海山应该发展到爆炸海山阶段,因为其中发育大量的枕状熔岩。海山中火山岩或火山碎屑沉积物富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,海山的俯冲将对弧及弧后地区火山岩地球化学产生明显影响,而西准噶尔地区泥盆纪-石炭纪火山岩中恰恰存在海山的信号。因此,海山俯冲模式可能能更好地解释西准噶尔地区火山岩中存在OIB特征火山岩的成因。另外,海山俯冲还存在潜在的资源效应,因此应该寻找和研究古海山及火山岛链俯冲的迹象,将对进一步找金铜等矿提供可靠依据。     

西藏纳木错西岸蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其形成环境

西藏纳木错西岸蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩以富Mg、贫Ti、贫REE元素为特征。辉绿岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素特征显示其含有洋脊拉斑玄武岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩的双重成分,其中高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损．大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba等相对富集,具岛弧玄武岩的特点;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似。通过与典型地区作对比并应用构造环境判别图解,推测该区蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地的构造环境。     

西南三江造山带火山岩—构造组合及其意义

岩石构造组合是指表示板块边界或特定的板块内部环境特征的岩石结合。中国西南“三江”造山带的火山岩可划分为五种火山岩－构造组合：洋脊型／准洋脊型组合，岛弧及陆缘弧组合，碰撞型组合，碰撞后组合及陆内拉张型组合。阐述了各种火山岩－构造组合的特点及构造含义。对在造山带火山岩岩石－构造组合分析中经常遇到的一些问题，如“构造岩片”研究方法、地球化学判别图解的使用条件、准洋脊型火山型组合的构造含义、蛇绿岩带－火山弧的成对性、岩浆作用的同步性和滞后性、以及火山岩的深部“探针”作用等问题进行了讨论。     

青海南部治多县莫云一带上三叠统那底岗日组火山岩特征及其构造环境

青海南部治多县莫云一带的那底岗日组火山岩主要为碱性玄武岩和玄武安山岩。低Ti、高Al,轻稀土元素富集,轻重稀土呈现较强的分馏并具有轻微的负铕异常;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0．70774～0．70801,eNd（t）值为-3．3～-4．5,反映了岛弧构造环境。那底岗日组火山岩为拉竹龙-金沙江洋（或甘孜-理塘洋）洋壳向南消减形成的岩浆弧。     

Geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic implications of a new ophiolitic mélange in the northern West Junggar,NW China

The West Junggar, located in the southernmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is a key region for understanding the Paleozoic evolution of the CAOB. Issues of the timing of initial subduction and tectonic unit connections in northern West Junggar still remain controversial. In this study, we report a new ophiolitic mélange named the E'min ophiolitic mélange in northern West Junggar. The tectonic blocks in the E'min ophiolitic mélange are mainly composed of serpentinized peridotite, serpentinite, gabbros, pillow basalts, and cherts, with a matrix consisting of highly deformed serpentinites. A gabbro exhibits a zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of 476 ± 2 Ma, and the zircon grains have δ¹⁸O values similar to those of mantle zircons. Those basalt samples display depletions of light rare earth element (REE) relative to heavy REEs. They exhibit weak enrichment of Ba and Th, and moderate depletion of Nb and Ta. The basalts display similar geochemical characteristics to that of fore–arc basalts in the present-day fore–arc setting. The gabbros exhibit high MgO and compatible element contents, but low TiO₂, total REE and high field strength element (HFSE) contents. They exhibit light REE depletion, enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, and depletion of HFSEs. The boninite-like geochemical patterns of the gabbros indicate that they were formed in a subduction-related environment, and were derived from an extremely depleted mantle source infiltrated by subduction-derived fluids and/or melts. The E'min ophiolitic mélange has a geochemical make-up similar to those of suprasubduction-zone (SSZ)-type ophiolites formed in a forearc setting. Hence, we propose that the E'min ophiolitic mélange formed in a forearc setting and may represent the initial subduction in northern West Junggar. Based on geochronological data, we propose that the E'min ophiolite, together with the Kujibai, Hoboksar and Hongguleleng ophiolites, formed during a similar period and comprise a huge E–W trending ophiolitic belt.     

西藏冲尼中二叠世岛弧玄武岩发现及意义

最近,在西藏直孔地区冲尼村附近识别出一套二叠纪岛弧玄武岩.本文报道了其岩相学、全岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学数据,探讨了其岩石成因和构造背景.锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析显示, 玄武岩浆结晶年龄为270.8±2.1 Ma,时代属中二叠世;全岩地球化学分析表明：冲尼玄武岩为钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损,无Eu异常,微量元素蛛网图显示,冲尼玄武岩亏损高场强元素(HFSE),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)。综合区域地质调查研究成果,中二叠世冲尼岛弧玄武岩形成于直孔-松多古特提斯洋向北俯冲消减的构造背景下,由俯冲板片之上经流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成。     

Geochemical discrimination of tectonic setting for Devonian basalts of the Yarrol Province of the New England Orogen,central coastal Queensland: An empirical approach *

Fault blocks and inliers of uppermost Silurian to Middle Devonian strata in the Yarrol Province of central coastal Queensland have been interpreted either as island-arc deposits or as a continental-margin sequence. They can be grouped into four assemblages with different age ranges, stratigraphic successions, geophysical signatures, basalt geochemistry, and coral faunas. Basalt compositions from the Middle Devonian Capella Creek Group at Mt Morgan are remarkably similar to analyses from the modern Kermadec Arc, and are most consistent with an intra-oceanic arc associated with a backarc basin. They cannot be matched with basalts from any modern continental arc, including those with a thin crust (Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes) or those built on recently accreted juvenile oceanic terranes (Eastern Volcanic Front of Kamchatka). Analyses from the other assemblages also suggest island-arc settings, although some backarc basin basalt compositions could be present. Arguments for a continental-margin setting based on structure, provenance, and palaeogeography are not conclusive, and none excludes an oceanic setting for the uppermost Silurian to Middle Devonian rocks. The Mt Morgan gold–copper orebody is associated with a felsic volcanic centre like those of the modern Izu–Bonin Arc, and may have formed within a submarine caldera. The data are most consistent with formation of the Capella Creek Group as an intra-oceanic arc related to an east-dipping subduction zone, with outboard assemblages to the east representing remnant arc or backarc basin sequences. Collision of these exotic terranes with the continent probably coincided with the Middle–Upper Devonian unconformity at Mt Morgan. An Upper Devonian overlap sequence indicates that all four assemblages had reached essentially their present relative positions early in Late Devonian time. Apart from a small number of samples with compositions typical of spreading backarc basins, Upper Devonian basalts and basaltic andesites of the Lochenbar and Mt Hoopbound Formations and the Three Moon Conglomerate are most like tholeiitic or transitional suites from evolved oceanic arcs such as the Lesser Antilles, Marianas, Vanuatu, and the Aleutians. However, they also match some samples from the Eastern Volcanic Front of Kamchatka. Their rare-earth and high field strength element patterns are also remarkably similar to Upper Devonian island arc tholeiites in the ophiolitic Marlborough terrane, supporting a subduction-related origin and a lack of involvement of continental crust in their genesis. Modern basalts from rifted backarc basins do not match the Yarrol Province rocks as well as those from evolved oceanic arcs, and commonly have consistently higher MgO contents at equivalent levels of rare-earth and high field strength elements. One of the most significant points for any tectonic model is that the Upper Devonian basalts become more arc-like from east to west, with all samples that can be matched most readily with backarc basin basalts located along the eastern edge of the outcrop belt. It is difficult to account for all geochemical variations in the Upper Devonian basalts of the Yarrol Province by any simplistic tectonic model using either a west-dipping or an east-dipping subduction zone. On a regional scale, the Upper Devonian rocks represent a transitional phase in the change from an intra-oceanic setting, epitomised by the Middle Devonian Capella Creek Group, to a continental margin setting in the northern New England Orogen in the Carboniferous, but the tectonic evolution must have been more complex than any of the models published to date. Certainly there are many similarities to the southern New England Orogen, where basalt geochemistry indicates rifting of an intra-oceanic arc in Middle to Late Devonian time.