Determination of Early Paleozoic metamorphic event in the Longshan Complex and its geological implicationSCIEI北大核心CSCD

长期以来,陇山杂岩的归属问题一直存在争议。本文对出露于秦岭-祁连山结合部位的陇山杂岩中石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和石榴斜长角闪岩进行了详细的岩石学、P-T温压计算、独居石和榍石U-Pb年代学研究。通过详细的岩相学观察,石榴黑云斜长片麻岩的变质峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+黑云母+斜长石+石英;石榴斜长角闪岩中则识别出了以石榴子石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石+石英为峰期的变质矿物组合。通过传统温压计计算,石榴黑云斜长片麻岩(样品21LS40)和石榴斜长角闪岩样品(样品21LS42-1)的峰期变质P-T条件分别为700℃、0.72GPa和710℃、0.74GPa。激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb数据表明,石榴黑云斜长片麻岩中独居石的206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为407~435Ma。石榴斜长角闪岩中榍石的下交点年龄分别为410±7Ma、409±5Ma和426±10Ma,榍石中Zr含量温度计的计算结果分别为750℃、751℃和748℃(假定压力为0.7GPa)。本文从变质作用的角度出发,将陇山杂岩与秦岭杂岩进行温压条件和变质时代对比研究,认为陇山杂岩与东秦岭杂岩高压-超高压岩石的最后一期退变质作用和西秦岭天水地区的秦岭杂岩麻粒岩相变质作用类似,可能为北秦岭造山带的西延。     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段肥东群石榴角闪岩变质P-T演化史对其构造属性的制约

通过对张八岭隆起南端肥东群中磁铁石榴铁闪石岩的岩相学、矿物成分分析和热力学评价,并结合野外地质填图和共生围岩分析表明,该岩石经历了5期变质作用,展现了顺时针的P-T演化特征,早期阶段表现为近等压升温,晚期阶段为降温降压的过程,其峰期变质平均P-T条件为:524℃和0.49GPa.结合地质背景和郯庐断裂带的演化特征分析,早期过程可能反映的扬子基底所经历的区域变质过程,晚期过程可能是由于郯庐断裂的后期抬升分量所致,不具有造山带的P-T演化特征.对比前人对宿松群的变质演化历史的研究,肥东群和宿松群峰期变质压力差可达0.8GPa,表明两者属于不同变质级别的块体.因而,肥东群和宿松群不能作为被郯庐断裂左行错开的标志层.由此表明,张八岭隆起南段所出露的肥东群变质杂岩,属于扬子板块上的变质基底,郯庐断裂带活动中将其剥露地表,并没有经历过大别造山带的变质作用.     

肥东群变质岩石学、年代学分析及变形时限的探讨

长期以来,对于承载郯庐断裂全演化过程的肥东群的变质岩石学和年代学的研究一直较为薄弱,诸多的研究主要关注于构造地质学、地球化学及变形时限方面。本文通过对肥东群不同类型岩石的岩相学、热力学和年代学研究,详实地探究了肥东群的变质条件和时限,并充分讨论了肥东群的两期韧性变形时限。研究显示,肥东群普遍经历了角闪岩相的变质,温压条件大致为T=550~650℃和P=0.5~0.9GPa。同时,依据5个二长花岗片麻岩、1个变形花岗岩(167.2±4.6Ma)和1个花岗闪长斑岩岩脉的年龄(130±5Ma)的锆石年龄和前人的年龄数据分析,认为早期的变形以一组倾向南东的面理和线理为代表,其形成的时限可能在133~167Ma时间段。而晚期的变形以一组宽约3~5m NE向的陡倾糜棱岩带为特征,其变形时限可能在122~133Ma。     

吕梁界河口群变质岩石的构造指示:来自地球化学和同位素年代学的证据

华北中部造山带是华北克拉通内部一条重要的前寒武纪碰撞造山带,该造山带的形成经历了一个漫长而复杂的演化过程。吕梁变质杂岩位于造山带中段,阜平杂岩西南,是透视华北克拉通早前寒武纪构造-热演化的一个重要窗口。本文针对该地区的界河口(岩)群黑云斜长片麻岩和含榴斜长角闪岩开展了系统的野外地质调查、显微岩石学、地球化学和变质年代学研究。结果表明,界河口(岩)群黑云斜长片麻岩的原岩多为富铝富钾的变泥质岩石,其物源主要来自长英质火成岩,形成于有演化岛弧发育的活动大陆边缘构造背景;含榴斜长角闪岩的原岩多数是拉斑玄武岩,源区来自于富集地幔,形成于岛弧构造环境。显微岩相学研究显示,含榴夕线黑云斜长片麻岩和含榴斜长角闪岩中均保留了早期进变质、峰期变质和晚期退变质三个阶段的变质矿物组合,且石榴子石边部多发育明显的"白眼圈"反应结构。其中,含榴夕线黑云斜长片麻岩的峰期矿物组合包括石榴子石、黑云母、夕线石、斜长石、石英和少量钾长石等;含榴斜长角闪岩的峰期矿物组合主要由石榴子石、角闪石、斜长石、磁铁矿和石英等组成。前期研究表明,二者的变质演化均记录了类似的顺时针近等温降压型的变质作用P-T轨迹,其峰期变质条件分别为 750℃/ 7.0kbar和 750℃/ 6.3kbar。本文LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,含榴黑云斜长片麻岩中记录了1928～1920Ma和1882～1855Ma两组变质年龄。结合中部带前人研究成果,本文推断吕梁变质杂岩的区域变质事件与华北克拉通东、西部陆块间的碰撞造山作用有关,该地区与碰撞阶段同期的峰期变质作用发生在1928～1920Ma,而后于1882～1855Ma期间进入与快速构造隆升有关的退变质作用阶段。     

郯庐断裂(安徽段)两侧肥东群与霍邱群特征性岩石对比研究

郯庐断裂带(安徽段)内部物质组成十分复杂,现有研究认为郯庐内部以扬子板块为主体,对于是否存在西侧华北板块物质混入尚不清楚。为此本文选取了3个特征性样品展开了细致的岩相学研究、温压估算以及锆石U-Pb定年分析,分别为:霍邱群样品WS069-1(磁铁石榴角闪岩)以及样品WS070-1(石榴黑云母片岩);肥东群样品TF003-1(石榴黑云母片岩)。研究发现,霍邱群磁铁石榴角闪岩与肥东群磁铁石榴角闪岩的矿物组合及矿物主量元素特征基本一致。针对霍邱群石榴黑云母片岩与肥东群石榴黑云母片岩的峰期变质条件评价也相互匹配。本文在霍邱群仅发现了~3.2Ga、3.0Ga、2.80Ga、2.74Ga等四组反映源区结晶时代的碎屑锆石年龄,但结合前人对霍邱群和五河群的研究可以认为霍邱群的峰期变质年龄应为2.44Ga,这与肥东群磁铁石榴角闪岩和石榴黑云母片岩的峰期变质年龄2.47~2.41Ga吻合。因此肥东群和霍邱群相同特征性岩石磁铁石榴角闪岩从岩相学、变质P-T条件及变质时代等方面皆具可比性,从而推测肥东群磁铁石榴角闪岩和石榴黑云母片岩构造透镜体应为因郯庐断裂左旋走滑作用而卷入肥东群中的霍邱群岩片。     

辽宁清河断裂以北新太古代变质表壳岩的发现及其地质意义

通过详实的地质填图,在辽宁开原地区清河断裂以北新发现一套变质表壳岩组合,主要岩性为斜长角闪岩、黑云角闪斜长变粒岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、浅粒岩及角闪石岩的岩石组合,与红透山岩组基本可以对比。岩石地球化学特征表明,其原岩主要为一套中、中基性的火山岩建造,形成于岛弧环境。该套岩石组合普遍发生强烈的构造变形作用,常见构造样式包括透入性片麻理、石香肠构造、变质分异条带、肠状褶皱等一系列的固态流变构造。对该套变质表壳岩组合中的斜长角闪岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果表明其形成于(2 524±18)Ma,变质年龄为(2 477±21)Ma,从形成到发生变质相隔约为47Ma。该套变质表壳岩组合的发现,表明了清河断裂以北也曾存在太古宙结晶基底,清河断裂与寇河断裂之间的区域在构造环境上与清原地区一样,均属于新太古代绿岩带。     

内蒙古锡林浩特地区中元古代锡林浩特岩群的厘定及其意义

通过大比例尺填图和剖面研究, 将内蒙古锡林浩特地区的"锡林郭勒杂岩"解体分为3大部分: 一套表壳岩、晚元古代基性-超基性侵入岩和早古生代酸性侵入岩.在此基础上根据变质岩的岩性组合和变形变质特点, 可将其中的表壳岩化分为4个岩性段: 黑云(石榴石)斜长片麻岩, 间夹多层条纹状斜长角闪岩, 在其顶部多见薄层含磁铁石英岩; 中粗粒黑云斜长片麻岩和细粒长英质片麻岩; 混合岩化条带状黑云(角闪)斜长片麻岩, 含石榴石黑云二长片麻岩夹条纹状斜长角闪岩组合; 夕线石黑云斜长片麻岩, 条纹状黑云斜长片麻岩, 间夹含石榴石黑云母石英片岩.通过对比区域内宝音图群、艾勒格庙组、白乃庙群等古老地块的岩石组合, 发现在原岩建造、变质级别、沉积环境等特征上均有区别, 应将这套表壳岩单独厘定为锡林浩特岩群, 它们组成了锡林郭勒微陆块前寒武变质基底岩系, 其地质特征的研究对锡林郭勒微陆块基底的形成和演化及华北板块与西伯利亚板块的构造关系演化有重要意义.      

赞皇变基性岩中锆石的U-Pb定年及其地质意义

赞皇变质杂岩区位于阜平杂岩南部,地处华北克拉通中部造山带的中段,和中部带北段杂岩一样,是洞悉华北克拉通前寒武纪基底构造演化历史的一个重要窗口.研究区变基性岩可分为斜长角闪岩和角闪斜长片麻岩两种,二者均以似层状方式产于黑云斜长片麻岩或长英质片麻岩中,斜长角闪岩亦可呈透镜状,二者后期与围岩一起共同经历了高角闪岩相变质作用....     

杏树台矿区片麻状花岗岩的成因讨论

杏树台矿区片麻状花岗岩的成因,一直是个有争议的问题。以往资料认为,它是由沉积泥砂质岩石经区域变质和混合岩化作用形成的均质混合岩。本文根据其产出特征,通过岩石学、矿物学及稀土元素分配的研究,认为其原岩是晚太古高Al_2O_3型英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩系,是壳岩部分熔融的产物。 1.地质背景杏树台矿区位于太行山南段,大地构造为华北陆台山西台背斜赞皇隆起区。矿区出露地层为五台群石家栏组,黑云母K-Ar法年龄为23.74亿年(常子文,1961)。石家栏组分为三个岩段:下段为黑云斜长片麻岩、二云斜长片麻岩;中段为斜长角闪岩和石榴斜长角闪岩;上段为黑云角闪斜长片麻岩夹条带状铁硅质岩。变质程度相当于绿帘角闪岩相—铁铝榴石角闪岩相。黑云斜长片麻岩的原岩为泥质粉砂岩;斜长角闪岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的原岩为与水下玄武质火山活动有关的基性火山岩,其中斜长角闪岩为岛弧拉斑玄武     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗色尔腾山岩群东五分子岩组锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

色尔腾山岩群是华北克拉通中西部早前寒武纪变质结晶基底的主要组成部分,对研究华北克拉通基底演化具有十分重要的意义。色尔腾山岩群的形成时代是目前研究的热点之一,本文通过岩石学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究,查明了内蒙古乌拉特中旗乌兰乡查干哈达地区色尔腾山岩群东五分子岩组的岩石组成和年代学特征。东五分子岩组遭受了后期岩浆和构造作用的强烈破坏,未见顶底,主要由中细粒斜长角闪岩、细粒黑云斜长片麻岩、眼球状细粒黑云斜长片麻岩、条带状细粒黑云斜长片麻岩和细粒黑云角闪片岩组成,矿物组合特征指示岩石经历了低绿片岩相-低角闪岩相变质。其中,眼球状细粒黑云斜长片麻岩出露相对较厚,与细粒黑云斜长片麻岩多呈互层状产出,局部偶夹细粒黑云斜长片麻岩。本次研究选取其中新鲜的细粒黑云斜长片麻岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年分析,其锆石多呈自形-半自形,发育震荡环带,主体为岩浆成因,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果为（1 930.7±9.6）Ma,代表原岩（中酸性火山岩）冷凝结晶年龄,表明东五分子岩组经历变质作用的时代应晚于1 930 Ma。     

New palaeontological data from the organic-rich layers of the Bathonian of the Grands Causses (France)

The palaeontological content (charophytes and vertebrates) of organic-rich layers from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the Grands Causses at Mostuéjouls (Aveyron, France) has been examined. It is rich in gyrogonites of Porochara douzensis. The vertebrates of the lower layer include a single hybodontiform tooth, “semionotiform” teeth and scales, and one pycnodontiform tooth whereas the upper layer has yielded one hybodontiform tooth, a variety of actinopterygian remains (mostly Caturus sp. and indeterminate pycnodontiforms) and a few possible reptile remains. The variation in fauna between the two layers is ascribed to a different degree of marine influence.     

Teredolites Leymerie in the Lower Greensand Group (Cretaceous) of the Isle of Wight and the problematic ichnology of reworked clasts

Nineteenth-century references to clavate borings in woody substrates in the Lower Greensand of the Isle of Wight used a variety of names, but Teredo (a wood-boring bivalve, not a boring), Teredolithes (a junior synonym of Teredolites) and Gastrochaena (a bivalve borer of rock and shelly substrates, not a boring in wood) are all nomenclatorially incorrect. Borings in a beach clast derived from the Lower Greensand Group and recently collected from Sandown Bay, Isle of Wight, are referred to Teredolites isp. cf. T. longissimus Kelly and Bromley. This specimen confirms the presence of Teredolites in the Lower Greensand Group and demonstrates a common ichnological problem of beach clasts; borings, either fossil or modern, are incompletely preserved, making confident classification below the level of ichnogenus problematic.     

Geochemistry and metamorphic evolution of the Pohorje Mountain eclogites from the easternmost Austroalpine basement of the Eastern Alps (Northern Slovenia)

Kyanite-rich and quartz-rich eclogites occur as lenses within amphibolite-facies quartzo-feldspathic gneisses in the Pohorje Mountains, Northern Slovenia, that form the easternmost Austroalpine basement. Major and trace elements indicate that the kyanite-rich eclogites were derived from plagioclase-rich gabbroic cumulates, whereas the quartz-rich eclogites represent more fractionated basaltic compositions. Both varieties are characterized by a LREE-depleted N-MORB type REE signature. Geothermobarometry and P-T pseudosections indicate that eclogites equilibrated at 1.8-2.5 GPa and 630-700 °C, consistently with the lack of coesite and with equilibration conditions of the chemically similar eclogites from the adjacent basement units at Koralpe and Saualpe type localities. Decompression reaction textures include (i) clinopyroxene-plagioclase intergrowths after omphacite, (ii) replacement of kyanite by corundum-plagioclase-spinel±sapphirine symplectites, (iii) breakdown of phengite to biotite-plagioclase sapphirine symplectites. The results of this study indicate that Koralpe, Saualpe and Pohorje high-pressure rocks represent former MORB-type oceanic crust that was subducted in the course of the late Cretaceous (approximately 100 Ma ago) collision between the European and the Apulian plates.     

The Olduvai buffalo Pelorovis and the origin of Bos

The origin of the genus Bos is a debated issue. From ∼ 0.5 Ma until historic times, the genus is well known in the Eurasian large mammal assemblages, where it is represented by Bos primigenius. This species has a highly derived cranial anatomy that shows important morphological differences from other Plio-Pleistocene Eurasian genera of the tribe Bovini such as Leptobos, Bison, Proamphibos-Hemibos, and Bubalus. The oldest clear evidence of Bos is the skull fragment ASB-198-1 from the middle Pleistocene (∼ 0.6-0.8 Ma) site of Asbole (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia). The first appearance of Bos in Europe is at the site of Venosa-Notarchirico, Italy (∼ 0.5-0.6 Ma). Although the origin of Bos has traditionally been connected with Leptobos and Bison, after a detailed anatomical and morphometric study we propose here a different origin, connecting the middle Pleistocene Eurasian forms of B. primigenius with the African Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene large size member of the tribe Bovini Pelorovis sensu stricto. The dispersal of the Bos lineage in Western Europe during middle Pleistocene times seems to coincide with the arrival of the Acheulean tool technology in this continent.     

缅甸硬玉岩地区的热液型钠长石岩

产于俯冲带内的低温高压带的由单矿物构成的硬玉岩通常伴有钠长石岩,目前对于硬玉岩研究的关注度较高,而对于钠长石岩则相对较低,很少有相关论文报导.产于缅甸翡翠矿区的钠长石岩,经常与硬玉岩相伴而生,是良好的研究样品.钠长石岩的主要矿物成分是低温钠长石,其次含有硬玉、绿辉石、透辉石等辉石类矿物和钠透闪石、蓝透闪石、镁钠闪石等闪石类矿物,此外还有钠沸石等.钠长石沿着解理和裂隙交代硬玉,说明钠长石形成晚于硬玉岩.钠长岩中的主要组成矿物钠长石的形成温度小于300℃,且其形成压力小于0.5kb,推测是在硬玉岩抬升程中通过交代与沉淀作用形成.其内的透辉石有两种类型,一类可能是被交代的硬玉中的透辉石组分会渐进增加,最终形成透辉石.另一类是被绿辉石包裹的透辉石残留,其很有可能是早期来自地幔楔或者俯冲带岩石中的矿物残留,即异剥钙榴岩或辉石岩类,可以视作硬玉化绿辉石岩和硬玉化异剥钙榴岩的矿物学证据.热液型钠长石岩的存在进一步说明缅甸翡翠矿区钠化热液存在现象的普遍性与穿越性.     

Vegetation and climate change on the Bolivian Altiplano between 108,000 and 18,000 yr ago

A 90,000-yr record of environmental change before 18,000 cal yr B.P. has been constructed using pollen analyses from a sediment core obtained from Salar de Uyuni (3653 m above sea level) on the Bolivian Altiplano. The sequence consists of alternating mud and salt, which reflect shifts between wet and dry periods. Low abundances of aquatic species between 108,000 and 50,000 yr ago (such as Myriophyllum and Isoëtes) and marked fluctuations in Pediastrum suggest generally dry conditions dominated by saltpans. Between 50,000 yr ago and 36,000 cal yr B.P., lacustrine sediments become increasingly dominant. The transition to the formation of paleolake “Minchin” begins with marked rises in Isoëtes and Myriophyllum, suggesting a lake of moderate depth. Similarly, between 36,000 and 26,000 cal yr B.P., the transition to paleolake Tauca is also initiated by rises in Isoëtes and Myriophyllum; the sustained presence of Isoëtes indicates the development of flooded littoral communities associated with a lake maintained at a higher water level. Polylepis tarapacana-dominated communities were probably an important component of the Altiplano terrestrial vegetation during much of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and previous wet phases.     

Large hatchling size in Cretaceous nautiloids persists across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: New data of Hercoglossidae hatchlings

The hatchling sizes of the Cretaceous nautiloids (Hercoglossa forbesianus and Cimomia angustus; Hercoglossidae) are reported here for the first time as ranging between 20.4-22.2 mm in diameter. These new data for Hercoglossidae and the previously reported data for Nautilidae and Cymatoceratidae suggest that all Cretaceous nautiloids had large hatchlings irrespective of their taxonomy relative to those in ammonoids. Based on the relationship between hatching events and the nepionic constriction in modern nautili, the hatchling size of nautiloids can be recognized by the constriction on the shell surface of the innermost whorl. The range of hatchling diameter in all Cretaceous nautiloids (9-35 mm) is comparable to those of modern nautili (20-32 mm), although the Cretaceous nautiloids are characterized by a wider range with the smaller minimum diameter. The large hatchling size in Cretaceous nautiloids stands in marked contrast to those in ammonoids, which had much smaller hatchling size (mostly <2 mm in diameter) and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Such distinct differences in reproductive strategy (i.e., hatchling and egg sizes) suggest that these differences may have played a significant role in the fate of ammonoids and nautiloids through the K/T mass extinction, as previously hypothesized by several paleontologists.     

First Valanginian Polacanthus foxii (Dinosauria,Ankylosauria) from England,from the Lower Cretaceous of Bexhill,Sussex

A new partial skeleton of the armoured ornithischian dinosaur Polacanthus found in the Wadhurst Clay Formation (Valanginian stage) of Bexhill, Sussex is the oldest recorded occurrence of this taxon. Previous discoveries suggested that at least two armoured ornithischians occur in the Wealden succession: Polacanthus, which was mostly restricted to the Barremian, and Hylaeosaurus, which was recorded as present only in the Valanginian. The new discovery extends the stratigraphic range of Polacanthus into the Valanginian. Although these two taxa appear to be closely similar anatomically, their osteology now suggests they are not synonymous. The new specimen includes the first known jugal as well as a comparatively rare polacanthid plate/spine (splate) which probably comes from the shoulder (pectoral) area of these animals.     

Neoichnology and implications for stratigraphy of reworked Upper Oligocene oysters,Antigua, West Indies

The Late Oligocene oyster Hyotissa antiguensis (Brown) is locally common in the Antigua Formation of Hughes Point, eastern Antigua, Lesser Antilles; it was not commonly bored at that time. Its valves and shells are robust, and reworked into the shallow water near-shore environment in Antigua; it could potentially be incorporated into younger rocks. Its neoichnology includes clues that would facilitate identification of these oysters as reworked fossils. The suite of modern borings found in these specimens includes common Caulostrepsis taeniola Clarke, Gastrochaenolites isp. cf. G. turbinatus Kelly and Bromley and Entobia isp., and rare Oichnus simplex Bromley and Rogerella? isp. The latter three taxa are limited to oyster shell substrates. Of the common ichnotaxa, Caulostrepsis and Gastrochaenolites are particularly prominent in limestone clasts and limestone cemented to oyster shells, which would be an indicator of reworking if found in a post-Oligocene lithified deposit. Caulostrepsis and Gastrochaenolites are relatively less common in oyster shells and valves, and in many specimens are seen to terminate against the shell. Entobia is the only common boring limited to the shell substrate. The fidelity of preservation of modern borings is also superior in limestone clasts. This suite of borings is comparable with those found in the Neogene of the Antillean region.