载炭泡塑吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定金矿石的金量

载炭泡塑吸附法对金有良好的吸附性能,但只能用于抽滤吸附不能振荡吸附,分析手续繁杂。本文以载炭泡塑振荡吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定金矿石的金量。样品在650℃高温灼烧2 h,用50%王水和10%氯化铁加热溶解,溶液冷却后加入5%高锰酸钾氧化,用中密度规格的载炭泡塑两次振荡吸附溶液中的金,然后于580℃高温灼烧后以50%王水溶解灰分,直接用ICP-OES测定金量。方法检出限(3σ)为0.002μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)小于3.7%。本方法对金的吸附率大于99.9%,测定范围为0.01~90μg/g,对不同类型金矿石的适应性强,解决了以往泡塑吸附法吸附率较低、标准系列与样品需同时预处理的问题,对低含量和高含量样品均有较高的准确度。     

乙醇介质制备载炭泡塑及其在地质样品金测定中的应用

载炭泡塑相较于无负载泡塑,可有效提高泡塑对金的吸附能力,但现有制备载炭泡塑的方法制备效率不高。为了缩短制备载炭泡塑的时间,提高制备效率,本文采用活性炭-乙醇溶液制备载炭泡塑,通过优化制备条件,包括负载介质的种类、试剂浓度、浸泡时间,使得制备100个载炭泡塑的时间可以控制在30 min之内,并结合ICP-OES建立了测定地质样品中金的方法。实验结果表明:该方法的振荡时间可以缩短至20 min。金的质量浓度在0～100. 00μg/mL范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0. 9997,方法检出限(3σ)为0. 0066μg/g,测定结果相对标准偏差为0. 81%～2. 11%(n=10)。该方法经4个国家标准物质验证,准确度与精密度良好,能够满足地质样品中金的分析测试要求。     

抗坏血酸为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定金矿区植物样品中的痕量金

应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定地球化学样品中的低含量金具有较高的准确度,但用于测定植物样品中痕量金时,传统方法的称样量较大(20 g),样品在马弗炉中灰化不完全,检出限较高(0.29ng/g)。本文确定了应用GFAAS分析金矿区植物样品中痕量金的测定条件,石墨炉的升温程序为:金的灰化温度1000℃,原子化温度2000℃,以抗坏血酸为基体改进剂,瓷坩埚为灰化器皿,且将样品的灰化温度降低到500℃,灰化时间2.0 h,确保了样品灰化完全且待测元素不发生挥发损失。本方法称样量较小(5.0 g),检出限为0.03 ng/g,精密度为6.8%~11.9%,加标回收率为83.8%~104.7%。经过金矿区实际植物样品试验,发现不同植物对金的富集能力相差较大,其中玉米植株对金的富集能力强。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测试化探样品中痕量汞的改进

化探样品中痕量汞的测试往往因为样品溶解过程中汞的挥发和样品间的相互污染,造成测试结果超差。研究化探样品中痕量汞测试方法的前处理方法,对溶解样品器皿的改进,采用带细孔盖的聚四氟乙烯塑料试管王水溶解样品,一方面抑制了样品溶解过程中汞的挥发,另一方面防止了样品溶解过程中因溶液飞溅造成的样品间的交叉污染。溶样2h,在硫脲-抗坏血酸介质中测试化探样品中痕量汞,取得较好的效果。探讨了硫脲-抗坏血酸介质中测试汞的过程中发生的物理化学反应机理,比较不同测试介质对结果的影响,确定了合适的分析检测条件。本方法用于化探样品中痕量汞的测定,通过精密度试验,得到相对标准偏差RSD(n=12)为1.2%～1.8%,加标回收率为92%～108%。共存元素干扰实验表明,砷400μg/g、锑60μg/g、铋50μg/g、镉5μg/g对汞的测试未见明显影响。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定载金炭中铜铁钙镁

样品经灼烧灰化后,用盐酸、硝酸溶解残渣,在稀王水介质中用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定载金炭中的铜、铁、钙和镁。试验了烘样温度、灼烧坩埚的材质、温度和时间、测定介质及共存元素干扰等因素的影响。结果表明,载金炭的烘样温度宜选择150℃,石英材质的坩埚耐侵蚀性高于瓷坩埚,且空白值低、结果稳定,载金炭中共存元素不干扰铜、铁、钙和镁的测定。该方法用于样品的分析,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.78%～2.69%,加标回收率为97.1%～104.5%,各元素的测定值与火焰原子吸收光谱法的结果基本一致。方法简便,实用性强。     

固体直接进样热解塞曼原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中汞元素

建立采用固体热解塞曼原子吸收光谱快速测定土壤中痕量汞的方法,样品不需要消解即可直接测定。在优化的实验条件下,方法的相对标准偏差为1.3%(峰面积)和7.4%(峰高),称样量200 mg时,检出限为0.21 ng/g,国家标准物质测定相对误差为0~8.3%,加标回收率为93.8%~106%。使用标准参考物质、实际样品和原子荧光法进行分析比较,结果令人满意。     

氧化镁烧结-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿中的痕量铼

砂岩型铀矿中铀的平均含量为635μg/g,而铼的含量仅为0.3~1.9μg/g,由于铼的含量低,准确测定高含量铀矿样中的低含量铼仍是分析化学的一个难题。本文建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿中痕量铼的方法。样品经过氧化镁烧结,热水浸提以及采用103Rh作内标元素等方式消除了铀、钼及其他基体元素对测定铼的干扰。在最佳条件下,痕量铼的检出限可低至0.12 ng/g,回收率达99.8%。本方法通过多种标准样品验证,铼的测定值与标准值吻合,对铼含量在0.06~180.57μg/g范围内的实际样品进行测定,相对标准偏差均小于1.5%,能够满足砂岩型铀矿等高含量铀矿中痕量铼的测定需求。     

硝酸镧为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定煤样中的铍

应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定煤、地球化学样品、土壤、空气等不同基质中的铍,关键是基体改进剂的选择问题。本文采用一体化平台石墨管,通过缓慢升温燃烧灰化煤炭样品,在硝酸介质中,比较了7种基体改进剂(硝酸镧、硝酸镁、硝酸铝、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钯、碳酸钙、酒石酸)对煤样中铍的增敏效果,同时探讨了基体干扰及消除的问题。实验结果表明,在2%的硝酸介质中,以硝酸镧为基体改进剂,石墨炉灰化温度提高到1100℃,原子化温度仅为2300℃时,即可消除基体中铝、铁、钙、镁、磷等共存元素的干扰。铍的浓度在0~8μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.008μg/g,定量限为0.025μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.8%~2.8%,标准样品的测定值在给定值的误差范围内。其作用机理是镧与干扰元素结合生成了热稳定的难熔、难蒸发、难解离的化合物,将铍释放出来,镧起到既提高灰化温度,又相对降低原子化温度的双重作用,消除了基体干扰的同时,又延长了石墨管使用寿命。本方法操作简单,无需对石墨管预处理,降低了检测成本,具有很强的稳定性和适应性,适用于煤中铍的测定。     

水浴消解-顺序注射-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中砷和汞

采用水浴加热低温消解浸取铁矿石样品,顺序注射-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石样品中砷和汞的含量.选择了消解试剂,研究了硼氢化钾浓度、载气流量、屏蔽气流量、溶液酸介质、载流、溶液酸碱比例、样品中的主要基体元素等因素对砷和汞测定的干扰,并确立了适宜的测定条件.砷浓度在0～100 μg/L与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,砷的...     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定化肥中的砷和汞

采用微波消解对样品进行前处理,建立了氢化物发生-双道原子荧光光谱同时测定化肥中砷和汞的方法。以20 g/L KBH4为还原剂,8%的盐酸为载液,测定砷和汞的负高压均为270 V,砷的灯电流为60 mA,汞的灯电流为20 mA。讨论了常见元素对测定的干扰,40 g/L的主量元素N、P、K,10倍于砷、汞浓度的杂质元素Te、Ca、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mn、Ni、Sb、Sn、Pb对砷和汞测定的影响满足分析要求。方法测定砷和汞的线性范围As为0.68～100μg/L,Hg为0.12～10μg/L;检出限As为0.68μg/L,Hg为0.12μg/L;方法精密度(RSD,n=5)低于8%。该方法具有前处理简便快速、易于操作、灵敏度高等特点,能满足化肥中砷和汞同时测定的要求。     

汞分析仪直接测定矿石中的痕量汞

使用汞分析仪直接对不同矿石中的痕量汞进行快速准确测定。矿样直接称样后,无需复杂的湿法消解或样品前处理,6 min内即可完成汞的测定。建立的方法不受样品性质影响,无基体干扰,方法回收率为90.0%～109.0%,检出限为0.60 ng/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为0.95%～4.74%。使用该法分析了6大类矿石标准参考物质和实际样品,并与常规方法进行比较,分析结果与证书值和其他方法测定值一致。与现行国家标准分析方法相比,该方法大大缩短了分析周期,适合大批量试样的分析。     

Mercury in Geologic Reference Samples

The mercury contents of 109 reference samples of 12 organizations have been determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The homogeneity of mercury in the six USGS samples issued in 1964 was tested twice, a year apart, using unopened bottles of samples. The analysis of variance of these data in the form of a design with a single variable of classification showed that the mercury contents of the 12 sets can be considered homogeneous at F _0.95 and that 10 of these sets can be considered homogeneous at F _0.90 , a more stringent test.
Data for other reference samples were generally obtained using Youden Squares. This experimental design was used so that we could determine the significance of the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined, to the order in which the determinations were made on the several days, and to the mercury contents of the samples in each design. For the latter, one may assume that the mercury contents of samples will differ and that a significant F ratio may be obtained. For the principal variable of classification, the variation attributable to some cause on the days on which mercury was determined was significant for only 1 of 9 analyses of variance of sets of data but we have not been able to explain the cause of the significance.
The mercury contents of the several types of samples, except for micas, dunites, and perhaps the granodiorites, depend on the origin of the samples. The mercury contents of ande-sites and basalts of continental origin are higher than those for similar samples originating in island arcs or the circum-Pacific belt. We conclude that the high and extremely variable mercury content of W-1 is probably due to mercury resulting from the use of mercury fulminate detonators in the quarry prior to the collection of the sample.     

中国煤中的汞

煤中的汞是人们最为关注的环境有害元素之一。由于汞具有强挥发性,燃烧时容易排放到大气中,从而对大气产生污染。我国多数煤中含汞处于0.01～1mg/kg之间,平均0.15mg/kg。煤中黄铁矿是汞的主要载体,其它硫化物、方解石和粘土矿物也可能含汞。燃煤向大气排放汞的问题正日益受到重视。     

Mercury in the Southern Ocean

We present here the first mercury speciation study in the water column of the Southern Ocean, using a high-resolution south-to-north section (27 stations from 65.50°S to 44.00°S) with up to 15 depths (0-4440 m) between Antarctica and Tasmania (Australia) along the 140°E meridian. In addition, in order to explore the role of sea ice in Hg cycling, a study of mercury speciation in the “snow-sea ice-seawater” continuum was conducted at a coastal site, near the Australian Casey station (66.40°S; 101.14°E). In the open ocean waters, total Hg (Hg_T) concentrations varied from 0.63 to 2.76 pmol L⁻¹ with “transient-type” vertical profiles and a latitudinal distribution suggesting an atmospheric mercury source south of the Southern Polar Front (SPF) and a surface removal north of the Subantartic Front (SAF). Slightly higher mean Hg_T concentrations (1.35 ± 0.39 pmol L⁻¹) were measured in Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) compared to Antarctic Intermediate water (AAIW) (1.15 ± 0.22 pmol L⁻¹). Labile Hg (Hg_R) concentrations varied from 0.01 to 2.28 pmol L⁻¹, with a distribution showing that the Hg_T enrichment south of the SPF consisted mainly of Hg_R (67 ± 23%), whereas, in contrast, the percentage was half that in surface waters north of PFZ (33 ± 23%). Methylated mercury species (MeHg_T) concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.86 pmol L⁻¹. All vertical MeHg_T profiles exhibited roughly the same pattern, with low concentrations observed in the surface layer and increasing concentrations with depth up to an intermediate depth maximum. As for Hg_T, low mean MeHg_T concentrations were associated with AAIW, and higher ones with AABW. The maximum of MeHg_T concentration at each station was systematically observed within the oxygen minimum zone, with a statistically significant MeHg_Tvs Apparent Oxygen Utilization (AOU) relationship (p < 0.001). The proportion of Hg_T as methylated species was lower than 5% in the surface waters, around 50% in deep waters below 1000 m, reaching a maximum of 78% south of the SPF. At Casey coastal station Hg_T and Hg_R concentrations found in the “snow-sea ice-seawater” continuum were one order of magnitude higher than those measured in open ocean waters. The distribution of Hg_T there suggests an atmospheric Hg deposition with snow and a fractionation process during sea ice formation, which excludes Hg from the ice with a parallel Hg enrichment of brine, probably concurring with the Hg enrichment of AABW observed in the open ocean waters. Contrastingly, MeHg_T concentrations in the sea ice environment were in the same range as in the open ocean waters, remaining below 0.45 pmol L⁻¹. The MeHg_T vertical profile through the continuum suggests different sources, including atmosphere, seawater and methylation in basal ice. Whereas Hg_T concentrations in the water samples collected between the Antarctic continent and Tasmania are comparable to recent measurements made in the other parts of the World Ocean (e.g., Soerensen et al., 2010), the Hg species distribution suggests distinct features in the Southern Ocean Hg cycle: (i) a net atmospheric Hg deposition on surface water near the ice edge, (ii) the Hg enrichment in brine during sea ice formation, and (iii) a net methylation of Hg south of the SPF.     

水星构造特征及演化

水星是离太阳最近的类地行星,它有着类似月球的外表和类似地球的内部,其重要的构造特征主要表现在以下方面:广泛分布的撞击坑;全球线性构造(格子构造)体系;叶片状悬崖;与Caloris盆地相关的构造;局部的拉张构造,其中叶片状悬崖是仅存在于水星的独特构造.类地行星(除地球以外)的构造形迹主要形成于星球历史的早、中期,同时小行星体的构造演化通常被认为是行星热演化以及外部作用(如强烈撞击或者潮汐)共同作用的结果.     

汞的形态分析研究进展

综述了自然界、特别是人体内汞的存在形态,讨论了汞形态分析中样品的预处理、分离富集、分析方法的研究现状和进展,指出了汞形态分析所面临的问题,对矿物药的药效研究及毒性和安全性评价具有一定指导意义     

汞的形态分析研究进展

综述了自然界、特别是人体内汞的存在形态,讨论了汞形态分析中样品的预处理、分离富集、分析方法的研究现状和进展,指出了汞形态分析所面临的问题,对矿物药的药效研究及毒性和安全性评价具有一定指导意义。     

Mercury contribution to an adirondack lake

Elevated copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in the upper 10 to 20 cm of sediment sampled from Cranberry Lake, a large Adirondack lake, are attributed to atmospheric contributions. Pb-210 and pollen core data, however, suggest Cranberry Lake also received mercury discharges during the turn of the century when the area was the center of extensive lumbering and related activities. Elevated mercury concentrations in Cranberry Lake smallmouth bass derived from remobilization from mercury-contaminated bottom sediments which increased the bioavailability to Cranberry Lake organisms. Mercury remobilization and accumulation by fish are promoted by fluctuating pH values resulting from acid precipilation.