铜陵狮子山矿田大团山铜（钼） 矿床流体包裹体研究

大团山铜（钼） 矿床是安徽铜陵狮子山矿田内较为典型的岩浆热液叠加型铜钼矿床,其成因与早白垩世大团山石英 二长闪长岩有密切关系。系统采集硫化物阶段的矿化石英脉并经岩相学显微观察发现,石英中捕获有大量的流体包裹体, 主要分为三种类型,即富气相（Ⅰ型）、富液相（Ⅱ型） 的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体（Ⅲ型）。显微 测温研究表明,流体包裹体的均一温度统计峰值分别出现在375~405°C和285~315°C之间,流体盐度的统计峰值出现在5.0 wt.%~10.0 wt.% NaCl eq.之间。激光拉曼探针分析表明,流体包裹体的气相成分以水蒸汽为主,含有少量CO2和CH4。流体 氢、氧同位素组成呈岩浆流体特征。研究表明,大团山铜（钼） 矿床的成矿流体主要来源于岩浆流体,在成矿过程中经历 了相态变化,沸腾的流体体系受到了不均匀捕获。结合前人研究成果,狮子山矿田内早白垩世叠加改造型流体表现出同源 特征,在物理化学演化方面具有一定规律性,流体的多次沸腾作用很可能对成矿元素的分配、迁移与沉淀起到了重要作用。     

内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究

十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制.     

山东玲珑九曲金矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究

山东玲珑九曲金矿床位于金矿田的东部,属石英脉--蚀变岩型金矿床,矿化分为4 个阶段,黄铁矿--石英脉阶段,石英--黄铁矿阶段,多金属硫化物阶段和石英--碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,九曲金矿床主成矿阶段石英中发育气液两相和含CO2 三相包裹体,也可见少量的富气相包裹体。气液两相包裹体均一温度范围为133. 5 ℃ ～ 325. 7 ℃,峰值为290 ℃ ～ 310 ℃,盐度为2. 80% ～ 17. 82% NaCl; 含CO2 三相包裹体均一温度范围为236. 5 ℃ ～ 315 ℃,出现两个峰值,为230 ℃ ～ 240 ℃和310 ℃ ～ 320 ℃,盐度为0. 41% ～ 8. 92%NaCl; 富气相包裹体均一温度范围为222. 1 ℃ ～ 236. 4 ℃,峰值为230 ℃ ～ 240 ℃,盐度为7. 71% ～ 9. 98%NaCl。综合地质条件、矿床特征和包裹体显微测温结果认为: 九曲金矿床成矿流体为中温、中低盐度的NaCl --H2O --CO2 型体系,矿床属中温岩浆热液成因类型。     

青海大场金矿田矿床成因:流体包裹体地球化学及H-O同位素的约束

青海大场金矿田位于可可西里-巴颜喀拉晚古生代-中生代浊积盆地褶断带内,是川陕甘交接地区的一个超大型矿田.矿床受NW向构造破碎蚀变带控制,赋矿围岩为三叠系炭质砂板岩,矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、毒砂和辉锑矿,脉石矿物主要为石英、长石和方解石.金的赋存状态以微细粒金为主.大场金矿田矿石中流体包裹体主要为盐水溶液包裹体(W型)、少量的含CO2包裹体(C型)和富CO2包裹体(PC型)组成.成矿流体具有中低温(180～ 200℃)、低盐度(2％～ 5％ NaCleqv)、成矿深度为7.9 ～ 12.3km的特征.气、液相成分测定显示气相成分以N2、CO2 O2、H2O为主;液相成分中阳离子以Ca2+、Na+、Li+、K+为主,阴离子以富SO42-、Cl-、NO3-、F-为特点,成矿流体属Ca2++ Na++SO42-型,有机碳参与了流体成矿作用.氢氧同位素组成分别为δD=-62％～-106％,δ18OH2O=3.1％～ 10.5％,说明成矿流体主要为建造水,也有岩浆流体的加入.根据大场金矿田成矿地质背景、流体特征及演化和成矿的构造背景和机制,本文首次提出大场金矿为类卡林型金矿,为研究该区金矿成矿作用提供了参考.     

江苏仑山金矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素和成矿年代学研究

仑山金矿床位于宁镇矿集区东端。成矿期分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,后者可进一步划分为热液Ⅰ阶段和热液Ⅱ阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段石英中的气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在330~366℃之间,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于4.96%~6.74%之间,热液Ⅰ阶段方解石中气液两相流体包裹体均一温度多集中在150~240℃之间,w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于0.71%~9.80%之间,成矿流体为中高温低盐度流体;热液Ⅱ阶段石英、方解石和萤石的流体包裹体均一温度变化于124~260℃,盐度w(Na Cl_(eq))变化于1%~8%之间,成矿流体为中温低盐度流体。氢、氧同位素研究表明,热液Ⅰ阶段成矿流体为岩浆流体,热液Ⅱ阶段成矿流体以大气降水占主导,但仍有少量岩浆流体。硫同位素研究表明,仑山金矿床沉积成矿期硫除来源于三叠系青龙群膏盐层外,有机质也参与了沉积成矿期中金矿的形成。热液Ⅰ阶段硫来源于沉积成岩阶段黄铁矿的活化迁移和富集,岩浆硫也提供了成矿物质。萤石Sm-Nd测年分析表明,仑山金矿床热液Ⅱ阶段成矿年龄为(93.7±3.1)Ma,推断主成矿阶段形成于晚白垩世。仑山金矿床的形成代表着长江中下游成矿带最晚期的成矿作用。     

藏南邦布大型造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学和成矿机制

邦布金矿位于青藏高原雅鲁藏布江结合带东段的南侧,矿体受大型脆-韧性剪切带的次级断裂控制,是目前西藏境内已发现的为数不多的大型原生金矿之一。系统的显微测温和激光拉曼测定显示邦布金矿矿石中存在三类流体包裹体:(Ⅰ)纯液相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅱ)含CO2盐水溶液包裹体,此类包裹体又分为两相(Ⅱa)和三相(Ⅱb)两个小类;(Ⅲ)纯气相碳氢化合物包裹体。邦布金矿床中流体包裹体显微测温结果如下:含CO2盐水溶液包裹体的盐度范围为2.20%NaCleqv～9.45%NaCleqv,峰值在6.0%NaCleqv～7.0%NaCleqv,平均值为6.25%NaCleqv;均一温度的范围在166.7～335.8℃,峰值在210～250℃,平均值为235.4℃。相对应的密度范围在0.63～0.96g.cm-3,峰值为0.85～0.95g.cm-3,平均值为0.87g.cm-3。以含CO2盐水溶液包裹体为代表的邦布金矿床成矿流体具有富含CO2、低盐度、低密度、中低温度的特征,与造山型金矿成矿流体相似。同位素测定显示成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成分别为δDH2O=-44.4‰～-105.3‰,δ18OH2O=4.7‰～9.0‰,说明成矿流体主要为变质水,但有地幔流体的加入。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出邦布金矿为喜马拉雅期陆陆碰撞造山型金矿。     

安徽铜陵朝山金矿床地质特征及成因研究

朝山金矿床位于安徽铜陵狮子山矿田内,与成矿相关的侵入岩体为白芒山辉石闪长岩.文章通过对朝山金矿床矿石矿物含金性和方解石-黄铁矿脉内方解石及碳酸盐岩全岩碳、氧同位素研究,探讨朝山金矿床中金的赋存状态和矿床成因.矿石矿物电子探针测试表明,朝山金矿床矿石矿物中毒砂、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿含金性较好.C,O同位素测试表明,方解石-黄铁矿脉内方解石中的δ(13CPDB)=-2.57×10-3～-4.87×10-3,δ(18OPDB)=-15.68×10-3～-17.33×10-3,δ(18OSMOW)=13.05×10-3～14.74×10-3,碳酸盐岩全岩中δ(13CPDB)=0.88×10-3～1.97×10-3,δ(18OPDB)=-7.55×10-3～-9.12×10-3,δ(18OSMOW)=21.46×10-3～23.08×10-3,说明朝山金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于岩浆或深部地壳流体.伴随着成矿作用的进行,朝山金矿床经历了从高温到低温热液蚀变过程,同时混入了地壳上部沉积物.     

甘肃阳山金矿流体包裹体地球化学和矿床成因类型

西秦岭造山带内的甘肃阳山金矿是我国最新发现的规模最大的金矿床。矿床受 EW 韧脆性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为泥盆系碳质碳酸盐-千枚岩-板岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩脉。流体成矿过程包括:形成石英-绢云母-黄铁矿组合的早阶段,形成石英-黄铁矿-毒砂和石英-毒砂-黄铁矿以及石英-碳酸盐-辉锑矿-自然金组合的主成矿阶段,形成碳酸盐-石英网脉的晚阶段。早阶段流体包裹体以含 CO_2包裹体为主,CO_2含量为7.3%～21.5mol%,均一温度集中于270℃～300℃,盐度<3wt.%NaCl eqv;主阶段发育纯 CO_2包襄体、水溶液包裹体和少量含 CO_2包裹体,均一温度集中于210℃～270℃,盐度集中在<2 wt.%NaCl eqv 和3～5 wt.%NaCl eqv 两个范围;晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体,均一温度集中在160℃～210℃,盐度<3 wt.%NaCl eqv。主阶段流体包裹体类型的多样性、相似的均一温度和流体盐度的双峰特征均指示流体沸腾现象的存在,其流体包裹体捕获温度为210℃～375℃,压力为85～222MPa;赋矿断层的阀门式活动导致主阶段流体系统交替于静岩和静水压力之间,成矿深度为8.5km 左右,成矿流体系统发育在早侏罗世大陆碰撞造山过程。矿床地质特征类似于卡林型金矿。但赋存于蚀变花岗斑岩中矿体既非造山型,也不同于卡林型,成矿流体具造山型矿床特征。因此,阳山金矿可能代表一种新的金矿类型,建议称为"阳山型金矿"。     

江苏观山铜铅金矿床成矿流体地球化学和成因

观山铜铅金矿矿石中含有4种类型的流体包裹体:(Ⅰ)纯液相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅱ)富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅲ)富气相气液两相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅳ)纯气相包裹体。它们的气相分数变化较大,显示成矿过程中可能发生过沸腾作用。流体包裹体的显微测温结果显示,成矿流体的冰点温度为-0.3℃~-4.7℃,流体盐度w(NaCleq)变化范围为0.48%~7.39%,均一温度为133~304℃,对应流体密度为0.70~0.98g/cm3。同位素测定显示成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成分别为δD水=-81.0‰~-90.0‰,δ18O水=0.1‰~2.3‰,说明成矿流体主要为大气降水,但在矿体深部可能有少量岩浆水的加入。热液方解石碳同位素δ13C方解石=-1.2‰~2.9‰,显示其中的C主要来源于流体对流循环过程中对基底岩石中碳酸盐地层的溶解。综合成矿地质特征、成矿流体的证据与围岩蚀变类型,初步推断观山铜铅金矿为高硫型浅成低温热液金属矿床,沸腾作用可能是引起矿质发生沉淀富集成矿的重要因素之一。     

宁芜地区梅山金矿床的成矿流体特征及矿床成因

梅山铁矿位于江苏省南京市雨花台区,铁矿主矿体的顶部和外围蚀变带中新发现了中型规模的金矿床,金矿体赋存于辉长闪长玢岩和下白垩统大王山组安山质凝灰岩、辉石安山岩的外接触带,矿石主要由黄铁矿、磁铁矿、少量的黄铜矿和方铅矿以及脉石矿物组成。金成矿阶段的石英、方解石和白云石中发育富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体、气体包裹体及含子晶三相包裹体。流体包裹体的均一温度主要集中在150~230℃之间,盐度w(Na Cleq)主要集中在2%~8%之间,指示金矿化阶段成矿流体具中低温、低盐度的特点。金矿石中脉石矿物石英、方解石和白云石的δDV-SMOW值介于-154.0‰~-110.9‰之间,计算得到的δ18O水值为-1.3‰~6.8‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水和雨水的混合流体。金矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S值介于-0.2‰~9.3‰之间,均值为5.8‰,与梅山铁矿辉长闪长玢岩中浸染状黄铁矿的δ34S值相近。白垩纪岩浆活动是梅山铁金矿床形成的必要条件,金矿与铁矿形成于同一成矿系统,均与辉长闪长玢岩具有密切的时空和成因上的联系,金矿床为成矿末期的产物。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。