凤成石:异性石族矿物N(5)位贫钠的空位类似物新种

作为异性石族矿物新种凤成石是首个该族已知成员中N(5)位贫Na且以空位居优的类似物,其理想化学式为:Na_(12)□_3Ca_6(Fe~(3+),□)_3Zr_3Si(Si_(25)O_(73))(H_2O)_3(OH)_2。它发现于我国东北辽宁省凤城市赛马钠质碱性正长岩内,多呈它形-半自形晶产出,单个晶体粒径1~7mm,最大粒径者>1.5cm。与之共生的矿物有微斜长石、正长石、钠长石、霞石和钠角闪石亚族矿物、霓石、榍石和闪叶石族矿物、"贫钠的层硅钛铈矿"("Napoor rinkite")、钛铌钙铈矿、钠锆石、锆石、铁金云母、氟磷灰石、富稀土的羟硅磷灰石和何作霖矿等。矿物为半透明-透明,玻璃光泽,条痕白色,性脆,摩氏硬度约5,偶见不完全解理和裂开,一轴晶正光性。N_e=1.607,N_o=1.603。凤成石属三方晶系,具R3m空间群;a=1.42467(6)nm,c=3.00330(2)nm,V=5.27908(50)nm~3,Z=3。6条强粉晶衍射线[面网间距(衍射强度)(指标化)]是:0.7186(55)(110),0.5761(44)(113),0.4187(53)(123),0.3201(47)(028),0.2978(61)(135)和0.2857(100)(044)。16点矿物成分的电子探针等分析均值为:Na_2O 11.64%,K_2O 0.52%,CaO 8.96%,MgO 0.07%,SrO_3.53%,BaO 0.02%,MnO0.10%,FeO 0.69%,Mn_2O_30.92%,Fe_2O_35.98%,La_2O_30.12%,Ce_2O_30.23%,Nd_2O_30.13%,Sc_2O_30.01%,TiO_20.38%,ZrO_211.72%,Nb_2O_50.23%,SiO_251.73%,Cl 1.13%,H_2O 2.09%,O≡Cl-0.26%,总量100.14%。根据晶体结构精测和(O+OH+F+Cl)=78计算的矿物经验化学式:[(Na_(3.00)Na_(3.00))Σ_(6.00)(Na_(5.28)K_(0.33)□_(0.39))]_(12.00)□_(2.71)Sr_(0.20)REE_(0.09))_(3.00)Ca_(4.80)Sr_(0.82)Fe_(0.29)~(2+)Mg_(0.05)Mn_(0.04)~(2+))_(6.00)(Fe_(2.25)~(3+)Mn_(0.35)~(3+)Cr_(0.08)□_(0.32))_(3.00)(Zr_(2.86)Ti_(0.09)Nb_(0.05))_(3.00)(Si_(0.87)Ti_(0.05)□_(0.08))_(1.00)Si_(1.00)(Si_(24.00)O_(72.00))[(H_2O)_(2.93)O_(1.00)(OH)_(0.07)]_(3.00)[(OH)_(1.04)Cl_(0.96_]_(2.00)。矿物实测密度2.93g/cm~3;计算密度2.88g/cm~3。基于野外和室内研究,借鉴有关合成异性石族矿物的实验资料,凤成石由一类富REE、U、Th、Zr、和挥发分的钠质碱性正长岩岩浆直接结晶而成。     

我国羟硅铈矿的发现与矿物学特征

本文研究的羟硅铈矿是国内首次发现的该种矿物,产于河南太平镇稀土矿的破碎带蚀变岩中,与铈褐帘石、gatelite-(Ce)、富氟硅铈石、氟碳铈矿、直氟碳钙铈矿、氟铈矿、氟镧矿等稀土矿物紧密共生,多呈铈褐帘石假象细粒状集合体或与gatelite-(Ce)平行交生沿外围交代铈褐帘石产出,粒径一般小于0.1 mm,为自形-半自形,粒状-板状。该矿物呈浅绿色至橄榄绿色,透明,玻璃光泽,不规则断口,摩氏硬度约为4.5,计算密度5.08 g/cm3。光学性质:二轴晶,正光性,多色性明显,单偏光下呈绿色,正交偏光下具有鲜艳的高级干涉色。电子探针分析显示,矿物成分w(Ce_2O_3) 32.05%～34.26%,w(La_2O_3) 13.67%～17.66%,w(Pr_2O_3) 2.92%～3.68%,w(Nd_2O_3) 7.52%～10.34%,w(Al_2O_3) 8.59%～10.93%,w(SiO_2) 21.35%～24.97%,按照Si+P=2(apfu)计算单位分子式中阳离子数,OH+F=1(apfu)计算单位分子式中羟基的离子数,得出该矿物的经验化学式为(Ce1.02La0.49Nd0.27Pr0.10 Sm0.02Gd0.01Th0.01Mg0.06 Ca0.01)Σ2.00 (Al0.99Fe0.03)Σ1.02(SiO4)Σ2.00(OH0.81F0.19)Σ1.00。X射线单晶衍射分析表明,该矿物属于单斜晶系,晶胞参数:a=7.4382(3)?, b=5.6730(2)?, c=16.9819(8)?,β=118.84(0)°, Z=4, V=655.13(5)?3,空间群为P21/c。矿物的激光拉曼光谱特征峰主要为241、362,862、895、954和3722cm-1等,上述特征均与国外已发表的羟硅铈矿数据非常相似,是对羟硅铈矿分子振动光谱特征的首次探索。本文还对羟硅铈矿的矿物族归属以及矿物成因进行了初步的探讨。     

铊矿物晶体化学和地球化学

对世界上已经发现报道的56个铊矿物种类、晶体化学和地球化学特征以及铊矿物产出的地质条件进行了系统总结。将铊矿物分为硫化物、氧化物和含氧盐等六大类,其中铊硫化物矿物占绝大多数。在低温还原环境下,铊表现出强烈的亲硫性,可以与As、Sb、Pb、Hg、Cu和Au等元素结合形成两种形式的铊硫化物矿物：①Tl_wB_yS_z（铊作为唯一的金属元素）,②Tl_wA_xB_yS_z（除了铊以外还有其他的金属元素）。低温成矿域中贱金属矿床是铊矿物的主要产出场所。对目前铊矿物学研究的现状、最新进展和存在的问题进行了综述和探讨。     

新矿物——铊明矾

铊明矾 (lanmuchangite ,TlAl[SO4]2 ·12H2 O)是在贵州滥木厂铊 (汞 )矿床富铊矿体氧化带中发现的一种铊的硫酸盐新矿物。该矿物为产于氧化带的次生矿物 ,其共生矿物为水绿矾、镁铝矾、钾明矾、黄钾铁矾、石膏、自然硫、砷华及某些未知矿物。其矿物集合体大小一般为 2～ 10mm ,集合体多为致密块状 ,单晶呈他形粒状 ,4 0～ 90 μm ,偶见平行柱状集合体 ,半自形至自形柱状晶体 ,直径 15～ 65 μm。白色至淡黄色 ,玻璃光泽 ,透明 ,易溶于水。偏光显微镜下无色 ,均质体 ,实测折光率为 1.4 95。维氏硬度为 94～ 12 4kg/mm2 ,摩氏硬度为 3 .1～ 3 .4 ,实测密度 2 .2 2 g/cm3。平均化学成分 :Tl2 O =3 3 .2 5 % ,Al2 O3=8.0 7% ,SO3=2 5 .19% ,SiO2=0 .10 % ,K2 O =0 .3 5 % ,CaO =0 .0 8% ,MgO =0 .0 6% ,FeO =0 .0 4 % ,H2 O =3 3 .4 6% ,总和 10 0 .60 % ,除结晶水由热重分析 (TG)求得 ( 3件样品平均 )外 ,其余成分均由电子探针分析 ( 6点平均 )求得。化学式为(Tl1.0 0 K0 .0 5) 1.0 5(Al1.0 1Si0 .0 2 Ca0 .0 1Mg0 .0 1Fe0 .0 1) 1.0 6 [SO4]2 .0 2 ·11.86H2 O ,理论式为TlAl[SO4]2 ·12H2 O。X射线粉末衍射主要强线 [d(I,hkl) ]为 :0 .4 3 14 ( 10 0 ,2 2 0 ) ,0 .2 80 1( 70 ,3 3 1) ,0 .70 3 ( 5 4 ,1     

黔北务-正-道地区铝土矿床的矿物学特征

黔北务-正-道铝土矿集区为黔中—渝南铝土矿成矿带的重要组成部分,是贵州省主要的铝土矿成矿区之一。含矿岩系为中二叠统梁山组,矿床成因属古风化壳沉积型。矿石化学成分分析显示,土状、碎屑状铝土矿中Al_2O_3含量较高,Al_2O_3/SiO_2值大,质量好,而豆鲕状、致密块状铝土矿中Al_2O_3含量较低,Al_2O_3/SiO_2值小,质量较差。显微观察、粉晶衍射和电子探针分析表明,铝土矿石中主要矿物为一水硬铝石、勃姆石和粘土矿物,其中一水硬铝石多为短柱、半自形—自形晶体,呈集合体分布,粘土矿物以高岭石为主,呈孤岛、残留环状产出,其次见伊利石、蒙托石、绿泥石等,副矿物有黄铁矿、磁铁矿、长石、石英、金红石、锆石、锐钛矿、方解石和白云石等。铝土岩中主要矿物为粘土矿物,以高岭石为主,其它矿物和铝土矿相似。铝土矿石的主要元素Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3和TiO_2含量之和大于83%,烧失量小于14%,而铝土岩的Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3和TiO_2含量之和小于80%,烧失量大于15%。可见铝土矿和铝土岩在主要矿物组成和主要组分总量上具有明显差异。结合以往研究资料,本文解析铝土矿形成过程为韩家店组砂页岩(成矿母岩)在适宜的气候条件下,经风化、淋滤等作用,形成富集Al、Ti等惰性元素的风化残积物和以高岭石为主的粘土矿物,随后被迁移、搬运至河湖盆地环境中,在沉积分异过程中粘土矿物不断脱硅、去铁、富铝,形成铝土岩层,经埋深压实、成岩成矿作用后进一步脱硅、去铁、富铝,最终在中二叠世形成以一水硬铝石为主的铝土矿工业矿体。     

冀东早前寒武纪变质建造磁鉄矿中Si~(4 )的赋存状态探讨

41个磁铁矿采自冀东早前寒武纪变质建造的贫矿(磁铁石英岩)、富矿和近矿围岩。与磁铁矿共生的主要矿物是石英、辉石、角闪石等。在这些磁铁矿的化学分析中,除了Fe_2O_3和FeO外,常有微量的Al_2O_3、TiO_2、V_2O_5、MgO、MnO、CaO。此外,还有少量的SiO_2,一般在0.20—1.65%之间,最高含量可达7.4%。这就提出了这些元素的赋存状态问题。即这些元素是以类质同象方式     

关于硅灰石化学分析项目的研究

硅灰石矿物是一种自然产出的偏硅酸钙,其分子式为[CaO·SiO_2]_3,理论组成是CaO48.3％、SiO_251.7％。它作为工业矿物仅有卅年的历史,由于它具有低温快速烧成的窑业性能,近几年来已引起国内外有关行业的重视。其化学分析项目仍沿用了最初规定的SiO_2、CaO、MgO、Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3和灼减等6项。从吉林省所发现的几处硅灰石产地来看,其主要矿物成份是硅灰石、方解石、尚有少量白云石、透辉石、石榴石和葡萄石伴生。测定SiO_2、CaO是想知道矿物的主要成份;测定MgO想知道矿物中透辉石、白云石的含量;测定Al_2O_3想知道矿物中石榴石的含量;测定Fe_2O_3想了解矿物中的有害成份;测定灼减想知道矿物中CO_2的大概数。一般说来测定这6个项目基本上能判定硅灰石的质量。对硅灰石矿床进行工业评价时,主要以矿石中有益矿物硅灰石和     

贵州兴仁滥木厂汞矿中红铊矿的初步研究

铊矿物是自然界的稀少矿物,过去国内未见到有对铊矿物的专门研究报导。本文红铊矿的研究方法采用了电子探针分析、人工重砂鉴定、显微镜鉴定、X射线粉晶分析等。     

新疆蒙其克辉长岩脉黑云母和角闪石矿物学特征及成因意义

蒙其克辉长岩脉位于玛因鄂博断裂带南缘,属喀拉通克岩体一部分。以蒙其克辉长岩脉中黑云母及角闪石为研究对象,在岩相学观察基础上,利用电子探针对岩体中黑云母和角闪石进行矿物成分分析,限定岩体形成的温压条件、岩浆氧逸度及含水量等结晶条件,探讨岩浆演化及成岩过程。数据显示,辉长岩脉中黑云母矿物Fe~(2+)/(Mg+Fe~(2+))变化范围为0.27～0.33,具富镁(Mg O=16.01%～17.45%)、富铝(Al_2O_3=14.35%～15.75%)、贫钛(Ti O_2=1.69%～2.57%)、贫钙(Ca O=0.19%～0.56%)特征,属镁质黑云母。角闪石矿物具富镁(Mg O=10.48%～15.15%)、富钙(Ca O=10.26%～11.90%)、贫钾(K_2O=0.39%～1.14%)及富钠(Na_2O/K_2O1.0)特征,属镁角闪石和浅闪石。通过电子探针分析黑云母及角闪石矿物化学成分,经化学式计算矿物结晶温度分别为646.97℃～707.82℃和766.27℃～902.38℃;成岩压力分别为147.84～220.87 MPa和85.0 1～297.40 MPa;侵位深度分别为5.59～8.35 km和3.21～11.24 km;氧逸度logf _(O2)分别为-18.54～-16.49和-13.00～-10.49;同时,角闪石结晶时熔体中含水量为5.26%～6.96%。矿物成分相关比值及图解反映成岩物质主要来源于壳幔混合源,为钙碱性岩浆,蒙其克辉长岩脉的形成与俯冲作用关系密切。     

富铁硼镁铁矿的穆斯堡尔效应

一、前言矽卡岩在我国分布广泛,类型很多.其中镁矽卡岩很有代表性,用穆斯堡尔谱研究镁矽卡岩中的富铁硼镁铁矿是木文的主题。硼镁铁矿(Mg,Fe~(2 ))_2Fe(3 )(BO_3)O_2是一个铁镁类质同像系列矿物,两个端员组分矿物为富铁硼镁铁矿和富镁硼镁铁矿。一般定义含铁率f(f=FeO/(FeO十MgO)x 100)O-25%多的为富镁硼镁铁矿;     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with     

PALEOZOOLOGY

正20141609 Chen Guiying(College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China);Han Nairen New Materials of Stylophora from the Upper Cambrian of the Jingxi Area,Guangxi,South China(Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,ISSN0001-6616,CN32-1188Q,52(3),2013,p.288-293,2 illus.,12 refs.)Key words:Stylophora,Guangxi     

GEOPHYSICS

正20140634 Cao Lingmin(Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China);Xu Yi Finite Difference Tomography of the Crustal Velocity Structure in Tengchong,Yunnan Province(Chinese Journal of Geophysics,ISSN0001-5733,CN11-2074/P,56(4),2013,p.1159-1167,6illus.,35refs.,with English abstract)