西菲律宾海190ka以来钙质超微化石的氧碳同位素记录

对西菲律宾海Ph05-5柱状样190ka以来钙质超微化石进行了氧碳同位素分析.研究结果表明, 钙质超微化石δ18O值在末次间冰期(MIS 5e) 和全新世明显低于末次冰期(MIS5d~2) 和倒数第二次冰期(MIS6).超微化石δ18O值与浮游和底栖有孔虫δ18O值都呈明显的正相关关系, 但超微化石δ18O平均值比浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides rubber δ18O平均值高0.431×10-3, 比Neogloboquadrina dutertrei δ18O平均值低0.410×10-3, 而这三者又远远低于底栖有孔虫Cibicides wullerstorfi的δ18O平均值.超微化石δ13C值变化阶段性特征明显, 并与该孔超微化石绝对丰度变化趋势极为相似, 二者共同反映出西菲律宾海大约从190ka到110ka的MIS6和大约MIS 5e期, 表层海水初级生产力相当稳定且显著低于其他各时期; 大约从MIS5d期开始表层初级生产力显著上升, 初级生产力的这一高值一致持续到约25ka左右的末次冰期; 在25ka以来的MIS1、2期, 表层初级生产力有所下降, 但仍高于190ka到110ka的MIS6和MIS 5e期.      

南海ODP1143站底栖有孔虫Cibicidoides与Uvigerina稳定氧碳同位素值的均衡试验

从南海南部ODP184航次1143站上部合成深度190.77m共1992个样品中, 由老到新挑选了64个样品, 测试了同一样品中底栖有孔虫Uvigerina peregerina与Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi的δ18O和δ13C值, 结果表明1143站U.peregerina与C.wuellerstorfi的δ18O差值的平均值约为(0.614±0.07)×10-3, 而δ13C差值的平均值约为(0.692±0.04)×10-3.1143站U.peregerina与C.wuellerstorfi的δ18O差值与大西洋和东太平洋的标准差值0.64×10-3比较接近, 而δ13C的差值却比大西洋和东太平洋的标准差值0.9×10-3轻0.2 08×10-3, 可能是由于南沙珊瑚礁区较低的生产力缩小了沉积物与海水之间的δ13C的差异而引起的.该均衡试验为南海甚至西太平洋的古海洋学研究提供了上述2种底栖有孔虫氧碳同位素值转换的标准.      

西太平洋暖池区第四纪钙质超微化石氧碳同位素特征及意义

对西太平洋暖池区MD97—2140柱状样1．75Ma以来的钙质超微化石进行了氧碳同位素分析．结果表明超微化石占δ^18O值与浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber δ^18O值在变化趋势和周期上都具有明显相似性．根据超微化石占δ^18O值也可以划分出59个氧同位素期,1748ka到900ka期间超微化石占δ^18O值的变化周期以41ka为主．而850ka到6ka期间则以100ka为主．这说明超微化石氧同位素分析可以像有孔虫氧同位素分析一样在大洋地层学和古海洋学、古气候学研究中发挥重要作用．超微化石占δ^13C值变化则呈现阶段性变化的特点．以900ka,480ka和250ka时间面为界,可分四大阶段．同时,MD97—2140柱状样超微化石占δ^13C值的这种变化规律与邻近ODP807站揭示的海水初级生产力变化趋势极为相似,意味着超微化石占δ^13C值是反映海水初级生产力变化的一项重要指标．     

桂林地区不同类型岩溶地下水中δ13CDIC、δ18O的特征及意义

对桂林地区地下河水、岩溶大泉中的δ13CDIC、δ18O及Ca2+、Sr2+含量进行了测试分析。结果表明,地下河水的δ13CDIC值范围为–15.99‰～–12.29‰,平均值为(–14.03±1.15)‰;δ18O值范围为–6.63‰～–5.78‰,平均值为(–6.24±0.24)‰。岩溶大泉的δ13CDIC值范围为–15.26‰～–9.22‰,平均值为(–12.05±1.57)‰;δ18O值范围为–6.97‰～–3.19‰,平均值为(–5.68±0.97)‰。岩溶大泉的δ13CDIC值、δ18O值比地下河水的分别偏重1.98‰和0.56‰。通过分析发现,水的循环方式引起了不同类型地下水的同位素差异,地下河以管道流的形式进行循环,循环速度快,水岩作用时间短,碳酸盐岩碳的贡献相对较少;同时,出口处水所经历的蒸发作用时间也短,水的δ18O值偏轻。岩溶大泉以裂隙流的形式进行循环,循环速度慢,水岩作用时间长,碳酸盐岩碳的贡献相对较多;泉口处水所经历的蒸发作用时间也长,水的δ18O值偏重。Sr/Ca值与δ13CDIC值具有正相关关系,而与δ18O值的相关性差。这意味着δ13CDIC值与Sr/Ca值一样,可以在一定程度上反映出地下水的径流条件。     

鄂霍次克海南部OS03-1岩心MIS6期以来的沉积记录及其古环境意义

通过对取自鄂霍次克海南部的柱状岩心OS03-1的古海洋学研究,包括浮游有孔虫壳体AMS14C测年、底栖有孔虫壳体δ18O分析、蛋白石含量测定、有机碳含量测定、浮游有孔虫组合、冰筏碎屑含量变化、沉积物粒度分析等内容,建立鄂霍次克海OS03-1岩心年代地层学框架,分析该海区古表层海水温度、古生产力变化,并研究其古环境意义。结果表明,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(sin.)百分含量变化曲线与Globigerina bulloides百分含量变化曲线呈很好的负相关性,与氧同位素曲线对比显示,两者均可作为该海区古温度替代性指标;浮游有孔虫绝对丰度、蛋白石含量、有机碳含量变化显示,研究区古生产力水平整体表现为间冰期较高、冰期较低;冰筏碎屑和沉积物粒度特征指示,鄂霍次克海南部间冰期陆源粗颗粒百分含量较冰期高。     

重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水DIC-δ13C的变化特征及影响因素

为了研究芙蓉洞滴水和池水中溶解无机碳碳同位素(DICδ13C)的变化特征、影响因素及其气候环境指示意义,于2013年5月-2014年5月对芙蓉洞进行了洞穴监测。结果显示芙蓉洞山体土壤CO2浓度和洞内空气CO2浓度均表现出明显的季节变化特征,夏半年浓度偏高,冬半年浓度偏低,受温度和降水量的共同影响。芙蓉洞5个滴水点的DICδ13C平均值为-8.98 ‰,两个池水点的DICδ13C平均值为-6.98 ‰,池水的DICδ13C比滴水的重2 ‰。对应2013年7月的干旱气候,洞穴水DICδ13C在10月相应出现明显偏重值,偏轻的DICδ13C值则是对湿润气候的滞后响应。洞穴水的DICδ13C变化对地表气候的响应具有明显的滞后期。洞穴水DICδ13C主要受土壤CO2的影响,基岩溶解作用、包气带的开放性等因素也会对洞穴水DICδ13C造成一定的影响。研究结果表明在短时间尺度上,洞穴水DICδ13C变化响应了当地降水量以及地表湿润状况的变化。      

中更新世转型时期南海北部上层水体结构演化特征——ODP1146站浮游有孔虫稳定同位素记录

文章以南海北部ODP1146站沉积物岩芯为研究材料,利用浮游有孔虫次表层水种Pulleniatina obliquiloculata壳体的氧、碳稳定同位素,结合该站位浮游及底栖有孔虫氧碳同位素数据,分析中更新世以来南海北部上层水体结构的演化。1.2 Ma以来ODP1146站P.obliquiloculata壳体δ^18O的变化可分3个阶段:1)1.2~0.9 Ma,冰期-间冰期变化幅度较小、主导周期为41 ka斜率周期;2)0.9~0.6 Ma,冰期旋回变化幅度逐渐增强、100 ka偏心率周期开始强化;3)0.6 Ma以来,冰期旋回呈现稳定且幅度较大的100 ka周期变化。0.9 Ma以来南海北部上层海水δ^18O的冰期旋回变幅增强,可能反映东亚冬季风在0.9 Ma之后显著强化。其中,表层水体δ^18O只在冰期变幅增强,P.obliquiloculata所反映的次表层水体δ^18O的变化幅度在冰期和间冰期都显著增强。约0.9 Ma浮游和底栖有孔虫δ^18O的100 ka周期几乎同时显现;但在0.9~0.6 Ma时期P.obliquiloculata的δ^18O偏心率周期更为显著、斜率周期的强度也更高。因此,冰期旋回周期转型及幅度变化两方面的证据共同反映温跃层结构演化在南海北部中更新世转型(MPT)气候转变过程中的特殊性。1.2 Ma以来ODP1146站P.obliquiloculata的δ^13C在0.02 Ma、0.49 Ma和0.99 Ma左右呈明显的碳重值,同时表层种-次表层种之间的δ^13C差值减小到近于0,可以解读为碳重值事件期间南海北部生产力相对减弱。     

南海北部晚第四纪高分辨率浮游氧同位素地层学及其古气候信息

对南海北部MD05-2904孔45 m的连续沉积物中提取的浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber(白色)进行稳定同位素分析, 得到晚MIS 8以来(时间跨度257 ka, 平均时间分辨率228 a)的高分辨率沉积记录, δ18O和δ13C的频谱分析显示了强烈的岁差(23.4 ka、19.8 ka)、半岁差(11.7 ka、9.9 ka)周期.MD05-2904孔MIS 24时间段的氧同位素记录了格陵兰冰心中发现的Dansgaard/Oeschger和Heinrich事件.与葫芦洞石笋记录及南海邻区浮游有孔虫氧同位素记录的对比显示了受季风控制的区域因素, 如降雨、河流输入导致的盐度变化等对表层海水组成的影响.氧同位素在MIS 3、MIS 6的早期以及MIS 7.4偏轻; 而在MIS 5.5偏重, 这种现象解释为降雨量和蒸发量共同作用的结果.而末次冰盛期高达6570 cm/ka的沉积速率反映了低海平面时孔位离岸距离缩短带来丰富的沉积物源.      

辽北辽河群碳酸盐岩碳-氧同位素特征及其地质意义

辽宁省关门山地区辽河群形成时代限于2.3～1.85Ga之间,辽河群关门山组白云岩的42件样品的δ~(13)C介于3.5～5.9‰之间,具有明显的正异常特征,δ~(18)O值为15.4‰～24.8‰,指示了对Jatulian事件的响应。其中,未遭受后期流体作用的35件样品的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C明显高于受到流体作用的7件样品,表明流体作用使碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C降低。在地质历史中,以2.33～2.06Ga时期的全球性δ~(13)C_(carb)正漂移最强烈,而辽河群强烈的δ~(13)C_(carb)正漂移现象指示辽河群沉积于2.33～2.06Ca之间。     

南海西部浮游有孔虫含量与水深关系定量研究

南海西部4°～18°N,1085～115°E海域表层沉积物中有孔虫定量分析表明,从陆架至深海盆区,随着水深增加,底栖有孔虫丰度总体呈下降趋势;而浮游有孔虫在上陆坡区水深200～2 000 m处最丰富,向浅水和深水方向,其丰度均下降,浮游有孔虫百分含量（P）与水深（D）有明显的相关关系。但在陆架区和陆坡－深海盆区,两者关系完全不同：在陆架区随水深增加浮游有孔虫百分含量明显增大,而在陆坡－深海盆区,两者呈负相关关系。经定量拟合水深小于200 m的陆架区,浮游有孔虫含量与水深满足关系式：lnD＝0.021P＋3.208;而在水深大于200 m的陆坡－深海盆区,两者满足D＝－5263P＋52 105.2。这主要是由于陆架区随水深增加,浮游有孔虫增加,但水深大于200 m后,碳酸盐的溶解起主要作用,浮游有孔虫比底栖有孔虫更易于溶解,造成其含量随水深增加而下降。     

A stable isotope record from freshwater lake shells of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China, during the past two centuries

Lake Xingcuo is a small, closed, hardwater lake situated in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Stable isotope data (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) from the freshwater snail Gyraulus sibirica (Dunker) in a 34-cm-long, radioactive isotope-dated sediment core represent the past 200 years of Lake Xingcuo environmental history. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the shells of the snail yield information on the isotopic composition of the water in which the shell was formed, which in turn relates to climatic conditions prevailing during the snail's life-span. Living and fossil shells from Lake Xingcuo were collected. δ¹⁸O values in the living shells from Lake Xingcuo are in equilibrium with ambient waters, while δ¹³C values may trace snail dietary carbon. On comparing δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in the shell of Gyraulus sibirica with monitored data for the period 1954-1995, we found that the δ¹⁸O composition in the shell is an efficient proxy revealing air temperature during the warmer months from April to September. There is a positive correlation between the δ¹⁸O in the shells of Gyraulus sibirica and the running average temperature of the warmer months. Climatic variability in the eastern Tibetan Plateau for the past two centuries has been inferred from the δ¹⁸O record from the freshwater snails in the sediments of Lake Xingcuo. As such, the last 200 years' palaeoclimatic record for this region can be separated into three periods representing oscillations between warm and cool conditions consistent with the Guliya ice record in the Tibetan Plateau.     

Oxygen and carbon isotope composition of cold-water Berriedale Limestone (Lower Permian), Tasmania, Australia

The Berriedale Limestone formed at about 80°S paleolatitude and contains many glacial dropstones. It formed during a period of major Gondwana deglaciation.

The Berriedale Limestone contains mostly bryozoans, brachiopods and bivalves, with some intraclasts and rare pellets. The faunal diversity is low and the fauna are similar to the modern cold-water foramol faunal assemblage. Micrite, microspar and spar occur as equant to well developed rhombs of calcite. The coarse spar cements are bored and are ruptured by dropstones, indicating submarine origin of low-Mg calcite at water-temperatures of around 3°C. The mixing zone cementation was preceded by erosion of early formed crystals. The eroded crystals occur as inclusions in mixing zone cements.

The fauna are characterized by heavy δ¹³C and light δ¹⁸O. The whole-rock field of δ¹⁸O-δ¹³C falls at the edge of “Normal Marine Limestone” and deviates to lighter δ¹⁸O values (down to −16.7‰ PDB). Lightest δ¹⁸O values ( −22‰ PDB) of fresh-water sparry calcite cement are similar to those in the Early Permian continental tillites, suggesting that the Permian sea was diluted by isotopically light melt waters. Micrite δ¹⁸O values (−9.2 to −12.6‰ PDB) are within the range of whole-rock values. The δ¹⁸O values of calcite in shales are lighter than limestone values.

The δ¹⁸O values of the fauna give an unrealistic range of sea-water temperatures because the fauna have equilibrated with variable amounts of melt waters. However, calculated original δ¹⁸O values of the fauna indicate temperatures < 4°C. The heaviest δ¹⁸O of fauna gives cold temperatures of 9°C (with δ_w −2.8‰) and −3°C (with δ_w −6‰). The lightest values of sparry calcite cements (−22‰ PDB) indicate that the limestone reacted with cold melt waters.

The δ¹⁸O of Permian sea is estimated to be about +1.2‰ and was diluted by melt waters as light as −27‰ SMOW.     

Palaeoceanographic changes in the North Atlantic during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MIS 31–19) as inferred from planktonic foraminiferal and calcium carbonate records

Marine sediments from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Project (IODP) Site U1314 (56.36°N, 27.88°W), in the subpolar North Atlantic, were studied for their planktonic foraminifera, calcium carbonate content, and Neogloboqudrina pachyderma sinistral (sin.) δ¹³C records in order to reconstruct surface and intermediate conditions in this region during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Variations in the palaeoceanography and regional dynamics of the Arctic Front were estimated by comparing CaCO₃ content, planktonic foraminiferal species abundances, carbon isotopes and ice‐rafted debris (IRD) data from Site U1314 with published data from other North Atlantic sites. Site U1314 exhibited high abundances of the polar planktonic foraminifera N. pachyderma sin. and low CaCO₃ content until Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 26, indicating a relatively southeastward position of the Arctic Front (AF) and penetration of colder and low‐salinity surface arctic water‐masses. Changing conditions after MIS 25, with oscillations in the position of the AF, caused an increase in the northward export of the warmer North Atlantic Current (NAC), indicated by greater abundances of non‐polar planktonic foraminifera and higher CaCO₃. The N. pachyderma sin. δ¹³C data indicate good ventilation of the upper part of the intermediate water layer in the eastern North Atlantic during both glacial and interglacial stages, except during Terminations 24/23, 22/21 and 20/1. In addition, for N. pachyderma (sin.) we distinguished two morphotypes: non‐encrusted and heavily encrusted test. Results indicate that increases in the encrusted morphotype and lower planktonic foraminiferal diversity are related to the intensification of glacial conditions (lower sea‐surface temperatures, sea‐ice formation) during MIS 22 and 20.     

斯里兰卡普塔拉姆地区ZK593号钻孔沉积物的地球化学特征及意义

根据岩性、主微量元素特征和元素比值分析,斯里兰卡普塔拉姆地区ZK593钻孔的沉积物可分为6段。它们分别沉积于温暖潮湿、水动力较强的浅海-滨海相环境,经历了3次明显的海水进退。各层北美页岩标准化曲线平缓,轻重稀土元素没有明显的分异,Ce轻度亏损,球粒陨石标准化曲线斜率为负,轻稀土元素相对富集,各层Eu亏损明显,Ce轻度亏损,表明沉积物属于受陆源影响的陆棚沉积物。Ce负异常与碳酸盐沉积及气候环境有关。元素相关系数分析表明,Ca和Sr与生物作用关系明显;ΣREE与Al₂O₃和SiO₂等微量元素与陆源碎屑关系密切。δ¹⁸ O 的负向偏移与沉积后地下水的作用有关。     

青藏高原降水中稳定氧同位素研究进展

稳定氧同位素（δ18O）在冰芯研究中能够很好地反映气候变化，尤其是气温变化的一项重要指标。研究青藏高原降水中δ18O为科学的解释冰芯中δ18O记录具有重要的指示意义。分别介绍了青藏高原季风区、非季风区以及季风区和非季风区的过渡区降水中δ18O研究历史和现状，并对该领域未来的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Enrichment and Origin of Some Trace Elements in Black Shales from the Early Cambrian in Eastern Guizhou Province

The analysis is based on the elemental geochemistry, ¹³C, ¹⁸O isotope and lithology combination of the black shale, a set assemblage mud and carbon of lithology , in East Guizhou. The coordinated change in spider diagrams of race elements suggests those elements have the same source. The ¹³C, ¹⁸O isotopes, mode of REE partition and characteristic enrichment of elements assemblage in carbonaceous shale show that the deep thermal fluid is added, and the shelf sea basin edge with distribution of hydrothermal activity is propitious to precipitation of ore elements. Evidence from the ³⁴S isotope and redox-sensitive elements show that the hydrostatic hypoxia environment is also conducive to precipitation of elements. The lithologic features (phosphorus, coal-bearing layers) and high content of organic carbon indicate that the deposits are influenced by the upwelling ocean current.     

Paleoclimate of some Permo-Triassic carbonates of Malaysia

Four hundred thin-sections of Permian (Chuping and Summalayang Limestones) and Triassic (Kodiang Limestone) carbonates of Malaysia were studied, mainly to interpret probable climatic zones during their formation.

Chuping Limestone is rich in skeletal grains and intraclasts formed in shallow, high-energy environments. Original mineralogy of skeletal grains and early diagenetic cements were chiefly calcites with some aragonite. The faunal assemblage is similar to that of subpolar carbonates. The brachiopods are characterized by heavy δ¹³C and light δ¹⁸O and these values lie in the same field as an Early Permian fauna from eastern Australia. The δ¹⁸O values of fauna show unrealistic temperatures because the fauna has equilibrated with melt waters. However, calculated original δ¹⁸O values of the fauna from δ¹³C indicate temperatures ranging from 2 to 13°C with δ_w of +1.2. These features reflect cool-temperate (to ?subpolar) conditions.

Summalayang Limestone is rich in fusulinids and was deposited in bar to shelf environments. Fusulinids are often filled with fine, equigranular sparry calcite. Early diagenetic origin of these cements is indicated by erosion of cements during transportation and also by the cross-cutting relationship of veins with cements. These cements were originally Mg calcites. The foramol faunal assemblage, and predominantly Mg calcite mineralogy of both fauna and cements, reflect temperate climate.

Kodiang Limestone was deposited in peritidal environments. This limestone formation has all the characteristic features of modern, warm, tropical carbonates such as chlorozoan assemblage, diverse non-skeletal grains, abundant early diagenetic dolomites and predominance of aragonitic fauna, non-skeletal grains and cements.

The formation of temperate carbonates during the Permian suggests that Malaysia was probably part of Gondwanaland.     

四川盆地宣汉渡口和重庆北碚下三叠统海相碳酸盐碳同位素组成与演化

早三叠世海水的碳同位素组成与演化是二叠纪-三叠纪生物群体灭绝事件之后全球生态萧条与重建时期地球碳循环的重要记录,为地学界长期高度关注。文中测试了四川盆地宣汉渡口和重庆北碚下三叠统及相邻地层258个海相碳酸盐样品的碳、氧同位素组成,以便探讨早三叠世海水的碳同位素组成与演化。这些样品对海水碳同位素组成具有不同的保存性,飞仙关组及嘉陵江组第一、三段保存较好,而嘉陵江组第二、四段保存较差。基于氧同位素可以更为敏感地反映海相碳酸盐成岩蚀变性的原理,在碳、氧同位素相关性分析的基础上,以δ¹⁸O<-7.5‰为剔除标准,筛选出近200个有效数据建立了碳同位素演化曲线,该曲线与前人在贵州建立的同期曲线具有很好的可对比性。曲线显示出海水碳同位素组成的巨大波动,变化幅度达8.55‰,包括2个完整的上升-下降旋回,第1个旋回由飞仙关组和嘉陵江组第一段组成,第2个旋回由嘉陵江组第二段、第三段和部分第四段组成,同时还包括若干短周期的次级旋回。利用曲线形态与前人建立的同期曲线进行了岩石地层与年代地层单位的对比,飞仙关组可大致与Induan阶对应,嘉一段可大致与Smithian亚阶对应,嘉二段、嘉三段和嘉四段下部可大致Spathian亚阶对应;绿豆岩作为下-中三叠统界线其位置可能偏高,下-中三叠统界线应该位于绿豆岩之下的嘉四段内部。早三叠世海水碳同位素组成高频率大幅度的波动指示了生物大灭绝后环境的不稳定性,其中菌藻类等微生物灾后过度繁盛,可能导致了有机碳在短时间内的快速埋藏和海水碳同位素的正漂移;而碳同位素大规模的负漂移可能与甲烷水合物释放带来的轻碳有关。研究认为,白云岩所在的地层段往往具有更高的δ¹³C值,这可能说明微生物活动、白云岩形成和海水δ¹³C值升高之间的有机联系。下三叠统的白云岩、尤其是嘉二段和嘉四段的白云岩可能是微生物成因的,嘉陵江组有机碳的生产和埋藏可能主要是与白云岩形成有关的微生物的贡献,具最高δ¹³C值的嘉二段的烃类在一定程度上可能具有自生自储的特点。     

阿尔泰山蒙赫海尔汗冰川不同水体稳定同位素空间分布特征及水汽来源

通过对2010年6月下旬于阿尔泰山蒙赫海尔汗冰川北支采集的新降雪、再冻结冰、冰雪融水、河水及雪坑样品中δ¹⁸O和δD的测定以及过量氘的计算, 利用HYSPLIT气团轨迹模型, 对研究区降水中稳定同位素的空间分布特征及水汽来源进行了初步研究. 结果表明: 新雪、再冻结冰以及河水样品中δ¹⁸O的空间分布均呈现出显著的“反高度效应”特征, 这是降雪过程中不同海拔高度水汽来源的差异造成的; 不同水体样品中均有较高的过量氘, 说明内陆再循环水汽长期对研究区的降水产生显著影响. 进一步分析表明, 影响研究区降水的内陆再循环水汽主要来自于西西伯利亚平原湿地和沼泽的蒸散发.     

Stable isotope studies and processes of carbonate formation in Hungarian alkali basalts and lamprophyres: evolution of magmatic fluids and magma-sediment interactions

Processes of carbonate formation have been related to C and O isotopic compositions in the Mesozoic alkali basalt (Mecsek Mts.) and lamprophyre (Transdanubian Range) suites of Hungary. In the studied magrnatic rocks, carbonates are present as ocelli, amygdales, xenoliths, veins and groundmass carbonate. C and O isotope studies of these types of carbonate have yielded information on the origin of the carbonates and indicated the following processes of formation that determined the δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of the carbonates:(1)Crystallization of magmatic carbonate. Textural characteristics and δ¹³C values suggest formation of magmatic carbonate in alkali basalt and lamprophyre dikes, whereas the δ¹⁸O compositions of these carbonates indicate low temperature oxygen isotope exchange with magmatic fluids.(2) Assimilation of sedimentary carbonate by silicate magmas. Even completely recrystallized amygdales and ocelli of basalts and lamprophyres have preserved their sedimentary δ¹³C values. In contrast, variations in the extent of mobilization and isotope exchange with magmatic fluids are reflected in differences in the ranges of the δ¹⁸O values of amygdales, ocelli and veins, and can be attributed to different amounts of fluids involved in the magmatic events.(3) Low temperature alteration of magmatic rocks caused only ¹⁸O-enrichment in the carbonate amygdales of basalts and the groundmass carbonates of lamprophyres, indicating that no externally-derived CO₂ was present in the alteration fluids.(4) Degassing of magma and magmatic fluid. Correlations between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O data, magma crystallization depths and amygdale sizes in the alkali basalts suggest that CO₂ degassing has been responsible for the negative δ¹³C and positive δ¹⁸O shifts observed. A similar trend was found in the lamprophyres, but the extent of the δ¹⁸O shift indicates that in these rocks H₂O degassing also played an important role.