自然沉淀-离子交换联合方法处理某锡铅锌多金属矿选矿废水初步研究

锡铅锌多金属矿选矿废水是含有机物和重金属两类污染物废水。采用自然沉淀对锡铅锌多金属矿选矿废水处理,一些重金属元素会脱除,而锌、锡变化不大,用离子交换会使废水出水达到铅锌工业污染物排放标准。用浓密池浓缩、自然沉淀和离子交换处理实际选矿废水,有机物和重金属元素被有效地削减和脱除。     

铝土矿选矿尾矿特性

运用X射线衍射、N2吸附实验、扫描电子显微分析、等离子光谱等多种测试方法对铝土矿选矿尾矿特性进行了研究,揭示了尾矿一些不被关注的性质,诸如铁矿物的嵌布粒度、比表面积随煅烧温度的变化、煅烧对尾矿及其中各矿物化学反应活性的影响以及各主要矿物对磷酸根离子的吸附能力等。这些性质可望在研究废水处理、尾矿增白时得到应用。     

退役尾矿坝的环境安全问题分析

退役后的尾矿坝是否安全,主要决定于坝体和坝基的渗漏、坝体土的渗透变形和坝体的稳定性。本文主要从这三个方面出发,以东北地区754矿尾矿坝为例,对退役尾矿坝的环境安全问题进行了分析。结果表明,在对退役尾矿坝的环境安全问题进行分析时,渗流计算可不考虑正常情况下的渗流问题。鉴于尾矿坝与普通坝的不同,坝体稳定性分析的计算方案应增加地震叠加洪水时的情况,在对一些组成复杂含有夹层的土层进行参数分区时,应遵循"就粗"原则。     

铅锌多金属矿选矿废水处理初步研究

铅锌矿选矿过程中,由于选矿药剂加入,使得选矿废水含有有机物和重金属元素,水质需要采用对有机物削减和重金属脱除的处理工艺,才能达到《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB25466-2010),取原水pH值为11.00,COD为300mg·L-1,Pb2+为30.0mg·L-1进行试验研究,用混凝沉淀再加吸附两段工艺可使废水达到《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB25466-2010),单用混凝沉淀可以削减废水中有机物和脱除重金属,但出水不能达到《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB25466-2010)。     

河南桐柏某碱矿矿山地质环境问题及治理方案

矿山地质环境治理问题,主要是对废弃的尾矿坝等环境地质问题进行地质环境的恢复治理,因地制宜,分析坝体的稳定性,采取合理的工程措施,保证尾矿坝的安全.以某碱矿杂水池坝为例,分析了存在的地质环境问题,时影响坝体稳定性的原因进行了分析,提出了矿山环境综合治理的工程措施.     

人工矿床污染的防治与对策

通过对铜绿山某矿尾矿及废水的物质组分的分析研究 ,查明主要污染物是Cu、Fe、悬浮物和选矿残留的有机试剂 ;尾矿废水处理的初步研究表明 ,石灰、H2 SO4 、FeCl3、Al2 (SO4 ) 3 均可有效去除尾矿废水中的污染物质 ,从综合因素考虑 ,采用石灰处理效果最好 ,处理过的尾矿废水可以重复利用 ;在上述研究基础上 ,提出了尾矿及尾矿废水的污染防治对策和综合利用方案 ,通过综合利用可以从尾矿中回收近 1× 1 0 5t金属铜和大约 3× 1 0 6t金属铁 ,Co、Mn、Zn、Ag、Au、Re、W等金属也有一定综合利用价值。     

高含盐水对浮选的影响与应对措施研究进展

采用高盐分、高硬度的海水、苦卤水、高循环选矿回水等高含盐水进行浮选将是未来沿海缺水地区选矿行业发展的必经之路,这些高含盐水中高浓度离子对矿物浮选的影响机理一直是选矿研究的热点之一。本文回顾了国内外学者在海水、苦卤水、高循环选矿回水等对矿物浮选影响及其作用机制方面的研究工作,系统分析了高含盐水中离子对浮选气泡、矿物表面性质以及浮选药剂的影响。高含盐水给矿物浮选带来众多积极影响,包括降低气泡表面张力产生数量更多、稳定性更强的气泡,提高矿化泡沫形成几率;压缩矿物表面双电层,减弱矿物颗粒之间的静电力,减小细粒脉石矿物浮选过程中的夹带等。同时,高含盐水中的离子也会消耗浮选药剂,且强碱性条件下高价碱金属离子在矿物表面形成亲水沉淀降低矿物可浮性,影响选矿指标。针对高含盐水的负面影响,认为主要应对措施包括研发消除高钙镁离子影响和高耐受性药剂以及淡化、软化高盐水,这也是未来使用高含盐水浮选必然关注的重点。     

尾矿坝治理技术

尾矿坝在矿山环境的保护和治理中起到很大的作用，它主要应用于堆放和处理矿山生产所带来的废渣、废水等污染物质，而坝体浸润线过高会影响尾矿坝的稳定性。尾矿坝治理技术众多，重点介绍了管井法降水、垂直水平自流排渗法、水平自流排渗法、辐射井排渗法等。在结合实例讨论的基础上，综合分析了不同方法的优、缺点，并提出了其应用范围以及其在应用中应注意的技术问题。     

青海省格尔木地区镍矿选矿工艺研究

为实现青海省格尔木地区镍矿选矿工艺指标最优化的目的 ,通过磨矿细度试验、药剂探索试验、药剂用量试验、综合条件试验、闭路试验等试验方法,探索出最佳的工艺条件和流程.同时对尾矿产品和尾矿水质进行科学合理的分析.结果 表明:该矿石需要较高的磨矿细度,才能实现有用矿物的单体解离,试验制定了科学合理的方案、流程,对各个试验条件进行了精准的条件试验和分析研究,达到了选矿指标最优化的目的 ,而且部分铂族元素得到了综合回收,极大地提高了该矿山的经济效益,为同类型矿山的开发与研究提供了基础性依据.     

高原高山峡谷区矿产资源开发地质环境问题及防治研究——以西藏甲玛、玉龙铜矿为例

西藏甲玛矿区和玉龙矿区是西藏较大的铜矿,开发利用价值极大,但矿产资源的开发利用引发了诸如地质灾害、地形地貌景观破坏、水土污染等地质环境问题。地质灾害的主要类型为滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及地面塌陷,防治措施主要为常规的支挡、坡面防护、排导等;地形地貌景观破坏主要由露天开采、弃渣及尾矿堆放等引起,防治措施主要为采坑平整、草皮移植等;水土污染主要由选矿废水及采矿扬尘等引起,防治措施主要为废水处理、降低扬尘等。     

Dynamic characteristics of tailings reservoir under seismic load

Earthquake is one of the most important factors that leads to the liquefaction of tailings and to the instability of the tailings reservoir. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the instability mechanism of the tailings reservoir under seismic load. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of the tailings reservoir under seismic load were investigated by carrying out a model test on the dynamic characteristics of the tailings dam. A model test of tailings dam failure and the dynamic characteristics model of the tailings reservoir under seismic load were established. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics under a seismic load were investigated. Additionally, the correctness of the dynamic characteristics model of the tailings reservoir was verified by numerical calculation. Researches show that with the increase in input peak acceleration, pore water pressure, earth pressure, and the horizontal and vertical displacements of the dam monitoring points are gradually increased. However, the acceleration amplification factor shows a declining trend. In the process of increasing the input peak acceleration, the saturation line and the lifting speed increases gradually. There is no obvious slip surface in the failure of the tailings dam, and the overall sliding is shown by the failure mode. The tailings reach each of the downstream sections. The mud height increases to the peak value, and then decreases gradually until stagnation. The results of this study can provide the theoretical basis and reference values for the stability analysis of a tailings reservoir under a seismic load, and the results are of great significance for controlling the risk factors in the operation of tailings reservoir, reducing the risk of tailings production safety, preventing the occurrence of tailing pond accidents, protecting the property safety of the downstream residents and enterprises, maintaining social stability around the reservoir area and creating a good ecological environment.     

广西金属尾矿排放现状与处置途径研究

广西大多数金属矿山尾矿采用地表堆存方式存放,不仅对环境存在危害,而且占用土地,尾矿库也存在安全隐患.对尾矿有价金属元素进行再回收,大宗尾矿做充填建筑材料,既能够解决矿山充填骨料的来源问题,也能实现矿山固体废弃物的资源化和减量化.     

Model Test on Self-Weight Consolidation of the Red Mud Tailings Placed in the Karsts

The management of tailings depends on its consolidation behavior to great extent. The red mud tailings in Pingguo, Guangxi is of high water content and void ratio. The present paper takes the red mud aluminiferous tailings in Pingguo, Guangxi as prototype. Model tests were carried out to study the consolidation behavior of red mud aluminiferous tailings that were landfilled layer by layer. The layered settlement and the water discharge caused by self-weight consolidation were studied. The influence of the latter landfilled layer of red mud on the previous layer was analyzed. The results show that the settlement at the surface with time can be divided into two stages. During the first stage, a thin layer of water appeared and the thickness kept increasing at the top of the mud surface with the particle of red mud sinking. During the second stage, water drained from the mud and settlement developed slowly. Cracks developed at the surface due to evaporation and the red mud near the surface became unsaturated. When the previous landfilled layer consolidated to the degree that the water content was less than 40%, the later landfilled layer of red mud will have little influence on the settlement of previous landfilled layer.     

龙井市天宝山矿立山尾矿库地质环境恢复治理方案

龙井市天宝山立山尾矿库,由于企业破产尾矿库对周围环境造成严重危害,需对尾矿库、尾矿坝、排水工程、尾矿碴粉尘污染、水污染进行治理。     

沾化县采油区土壤环境污染机理探讨

在石油的开采过程中,会产生大量含油废水、有害的废泥浆以及其他一些污染物,如果处理不好就会严重污染周边土壤环境。本次调查以沾化县境采油区为重点,采用了专项地质环境调查、人力浅钻、渗水试验、淋滤试验及土壤监测等方法;查明了油气污染物的污染类型、污染机理、污染程度和迁移变化趋势,并提出治理与保护对策。     

某尾矿坝毛细水带内的坝体材料物理力学特性研究

毛细水的存在将使尾矿坝坝体材料的物理力学特性发生较大变化,这种变化对尾矿坝的安全稳定势必产生影响,而国内外在此方面的研究工作却鲜有报道。为此,开展了某尾矿坝坝体材料现场取样、室内土工试验工作,并采用自制的毛细水带分层取样试验装置开展了长达6个月的毛细水上升测试工作,通过分层取样及土工试验,得到了毛细水带内尾矿砂的物理力学特性,进而系统地研究了毛细水带尾矿砂的含水率、重度、黏聚力、内摩擦角等物理力学指标随毛细水高度的变化特征。研究发现,毛细水带内尾矿砂的含水率和重度均随毛细高度而减小;黏聚力和内摩擦角的变化均随毛细高度和含水率呈先增大后减小的变化规律,其中内摩擦角的变化规律与以往相关研究所得结论并不完全相符,分析指出,这是由于毛细水和尾矿砂颗粒的表面特性所导致的;简要分析了抗剪强度随毛细高度的变化规律,发现其受毛细作用影响较大,呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。研究结果为坝体、边坡等工程的稳定性研究工作提供了一种新思路,为今后建立考虑毛细水作用下尾矿坝稳定性分析方法和理论奠定了基础。     

钻井废弃泥浆无害化和固化处理技术的应用

简要介绍我国目前钻井废弃泥浆无害化处理的现状,废弃泥浆对环境的影响,目前常用钻井废弃泥浆无害化固化处理技术。通过实例对勘探矿区内的钻孔产生的废弃泥浆进行无毒和无害化评价,并进行一次无害化和固化处理技术及工艺的大胆尝试,取得点滴体会供同行们分享,推动岩心钻探环境保护工作。     

A study on geotechnical characterization and stability of downstream slope of a tailings dam to improve its storage capacity (Turkey)

Tailings, waste products of the ore-dressing processes, are usually stored in a slurry form and pumped into sedimentation pond which is surrounded by natural heights and/or artificial walls. The database of International Commission of Large Dams and United Nations Environment Programme showed that several hundreds of tailings dam have failed since 1910. One of the reasons of these failures is slope instability. Construction of mine tailings dams in Turkey has started to increase, particularly in the recent decade. This paper focuses the study undertaken to assess the geotechnical characteristics and stability of downstream slope of a tailings dam at a copper-zinc mine in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. At the mine site there are two tailings dams located at two different elevations. The upper dam was completely filled and is out of service. Increasing amount of tailings filling the pond of the lower dam resulted in a limited storage, and therefore, it has been decided that heightening of the dam about 7 m to improve its storage facility would be necessary. For the purpose, a series of investigations in the vicinity of the tailings dam and some geomechanical laboratory tests were carried in conjunction with the use of empirical methods to determine mechanical properties of the current dam material, tailings and the rockfill material that will be used for heightening of the dam. The results of the static and pseudo-static stability analyses based on the methods of limit equilibrium and numerical modelling indicated that circular and non-circular failures are the most critical modes of failure for the dam and safety factor gradually decreases when the tailings rise up to a specific elevation in the pond. However, the ranges of the calculated safety factors from both methods are considerably similar and suitable for heightening of the dam by 7 m in terms of stability. The results suggest that any instability is not expected under both static and dynamic conditions after the current height of the tailings dam is increased by 7 m, if the slope geometry considered in the analyses is not changed and the tailings in the pond do not rise up to an elevation of about 475 m. In addition, magnitude of permanent settlement of the dam due to a probable earthquake was also assessed using two empirical methods and the results from both methods showed similar amount of settlements which were in tolerable limits.     

尾矿坝垮塌机制与溃决模式试验研究

基于云南拉拉铜矿小打鹅尾矿库工程设计资料,采用现场排放尾矿砂为试验材料,进行了尾矿堆积坝在洪水情况下发生垮塌破坏的模型试验。通过水流控制系统模拟尾矿坝遭遇洪水情况,采用侧面示踪点、水位测压管、应力传感器以及数码摄像机等设备获得了尾矿坝溃决过程中坝坡的位移矢量演化、浸润线与应力的变化特性以及坝体破坏发展过程,揭示了洪水作用下尾矿坝的垮塌机制和溃决模式。试验结果发现：尾矿堆积坝的浸润线变化存在滞后性;在洪水入库致库区最高设计洪水水位过程中,靠近坝坡中部处水平方向的总应力增量较垂向总应力增量大,增大的水平应力是坝体产生破坏的重要因素之一;洪水导致坝坡尾矿砂所受的渗透力、上浮力、重力以及孔隙水压力增大,削弱了坝体材料的黏聚力,并加大了自身荷载,降低了坝体的稳定性;尾矿坝溃决模式一般为逆流渐进型,破坏先是从坡脚处发生,继而向上游发展,呈现牵引式发展,破坏的滑动面由多个弧形滑移面构成。研究成果加深了对尾矿堆积坝垮塌机制和溃决模式的认识,并在洪水灾害的预防和控制方面作了一些新的探索     

精细地形下的尾矿坝稳定性及溃坝模拟分析

目前在尾矿坝稳定性和溃坝模拟分析方面,对溃口位置及水砂的流动状态难以做出准确判断。将尾矿坝稳定性和溃坝模拟有机结合,采用FLAC3D计算正常水位、洪水位、漫顶水位三种工况下尾矿坝稳定性,并利用Rhino与Fluent建立尾矿库及下游精细地形,开展尾矿库溃坝水砂在不同时刻及不同地形下的流动状态研究分析。结果表明:（1）浸润线的埋深随尾矿库水位的升高而变小,由正常水位升高至洪水位时浸润线埋深下降5～8 m,漫顶水位时坝顶浸润线沿坡面向下运移约8 m;（2）库水位对剪切带及尾矿坝稳定性有显著影响,从正常水位到洪水位时,剪切带纵向上不断向坝体内部延伸,横向上不断向坝脚延伸,剪切应变率增大为5.78×10?5,尾矿坝稳定系数由1.80下降至1.32;（3）达到坝顶时剪切带急剧缩短,而剪切应变率进一步增大为3.32×10?4,尾矿坝稳定系数由1.32下降到1.18。溃坝水砂的流动状态受地形影响明显,在山谷中表现为范围减小、流速增大的汇聚流动,在平坦农田处表现为范围增大、流速减小的发散流动特点。