四川宣汉盘龙洞上二叠统长兴组沉积相与岩石地层精细划分

盘龙洞剖面长兴组与普光气田同属于川东北的碳酸盐台地边缘相礁滩相层序,其岩石地层和沉积相研究结果对于认识普光气田、龙岗气田的储层发育和分布规律具有很好的参考作用。根据对薄片的仔细观察分析以及对相关地层的认识,对剖面长兴组的结晶白云岩地层进行了原岩恢复。根据古生物面貌及岩石组构特征,将盘龙洞剖面长兴组自下而上划分四段:下生屑岩段、礁灰岩段、上生屑岩段、微生物岩段。下生屑岩段包括了下部含小型有孔虫的深水陆棚相泥晶灰岩、以及上部含腕足类和棘皮类的浅水陆棚相生屑泥粒岩。礁灰岩段厚达108m,由海绵骨架岩和障积岩组成。上生屑岩段厚约45.3m,已经白云石化为细晶白云岩,导致前人往往误划分为蒸发台地相。仔细观察后仍然可以进行原岩恢复,主要由生屑泥粒岩、粒泥岩组成,含棘皮类、有孔虫、粗枝藻、等组成的群落。微生物岩段厚约8.7m,不仅地层以不规则薄层状为特征,而且含有特征的微生物群落。与普光6井、湖北利川见天坝长兴组剖面对比后发现,它们有相似的沉积层序:下部的深水相灰岩、中部的生物礁岩、上部的开阔台地相或相似环境的生屑灰岩。这应代表台缘礁滩相带的典型层序,可作为认识台缘礁滩相储层的基础。前人研究未能识别长兴组顶部的微生物岩段。这直接导致了二叠系—三叠系界线的无法正确确定。本文提出可以把微生物岩段作为一个岩石地层单位对待,可以作为确定二叠系—三叠系界线的标志层,把界线放在微生物岩段的中部。     

晚二叠世长兴组灰岩在长兴地区的变化及其控制因素

本文主要讨论浙江省长兴地区长兴组灰岩的变化及控制因素。长兴组灰岩在厚度及岩性方面有明显的变化,从长兴县的煤山向西到广德县的牛头山,大约在10km距离内、厚度从50m逐渐减少,甚至完全消失。而从煤山向东到湖洲黄芝山,厚度增加到大于100m。煤山长兴灰岩呈灰黑色,含沥青,成层平整,含丰富的透镜状燧石。而黄芝山等剖面的长兴灰岩呈浅色,很少含沥青和燧石,厚-巨厚层,成层不清楚。在化石群方面也有明显差别。控制这些变化的因素有两个,一是在海陆交互相的龙潭期沉积后,在研究区的西部有一海堤,长兴期沉积由煤山向西超覆,长兴灰岩的下部在一些剖面上缺失.另一个因素是沉积环境不同,湖州-苏州一带为碳酸盐岩台地,而在煤山-广德的独山一带为台前凹陷。     

浙江长兴煤山地区吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线地层的再认识

浙江长兴煤山的 D剖面经多年研究 ,已成为二叠系长兴阶的单位层型和二叠系 -三叠系全球界线层型 ,并被推荐为吴家坪阶 -长兴阶全球界线层型的候选剖面 ,因该剖面上龙潭组地层出露较少 ,以致国内对长兴组与龙潭组的接触关系存有不同意见 ,给层型剖面的建立带来不利影响。在清理和研究了 D剖面西侧 30 0 m处 C剖面的吴家坪阶 -长兴阶界线层段后 ,证实了煤山地区龙潭组与长兴组为整合接触 ,对相关化石的地层分布也获得进一步的认识     

邵阳短陂桥区龙潭组上段粘土岩特征及沉积环境分析

1 地层概述短陂桥区位于湖南省邵阳市区以东5km,龙潭组上段厚度约100m,其剖面描述如下:上覆地层 大隆组 ————9.黑色泥岩及粉砂质泥岩,含较多菱铁矿结核及细粒黄铁矿,上部产腕足类 Spinomarginifera sp,Squamularia grandis 约15m8.1号煤层 0～1.71m7.灰色中厚层状细粒石英砂岩,局部含泥砾及菱铁矿结核,夹薄层粉砂岩及 粉砂质泥岩和2号煤层 约20m6.灰黑色薄层状粉砂质泥岩,夹条带状菱铁矿结核。含较多炭化植物叶与碎片 约5m     

浙江长兴煤山地区二叠-三叠系界线底粘土中动物化石的发现及其意义

<正> 浙江长兴煤山地区是我国南部上二叠统长兴阶及二叠-三叠系界线候选层型剖面的所在地。近十年来,我们先后在本区测制了6条上二叠统长兴阶及二叠-三叠系界线剖面,即剖面A.B.C.D.E和Z(Sheng et al.,1984)把下三叠统下青龙组底部的混生动物群层自下而上分成混生层1、2和3三层,混生层1包括两部分,下部为伊利石-蒙脱石粘土层,亦称底粘土(basal clay),上部为黑色泥岩,当时没有在底粘土发现化石。此后,一     

中甸县迪古支村上二叠统长兴组的■类

在滇西北中甸县境内,上二叠统长兴组剖面先后测制于铁厂附近和迪古支村。后者长兴组中产生的生物化石主要为(竹蜓)类和有孔虫,共收集了7个属、5个种(其中新种2个),报道如下。 (一)迪古支村剖面位于三坝区浩湾北东约1公里处。上覆地层下三叠统紫红色及灰色钙质泥岩互层,间夹簿层泥灰岩和1层玄武质砂岩,产瓣鳃类Claraia aurita Hauer     

浙江省长兴县煤山剖面二叠系-三叠系界线层序的沉积微相特征及层序地层划分

通过对浙江煤山剖面二叠系-三叠系界线层序新鲜露头的仔细研究后发现,长兴组顶部岩层(层22—层24)主要由3种微相构成:生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、富有机质生屑泥粒灰岩和含生屑或生屑质高有机质泥状灰岩—粒泥灰岩,其间夹有少量硅质骨针灰岩薄层或条带。殷坑组底部泥岩段(层30—层37)也主要由三种基本微相组成:灰绿色白云质泥岩、黑色白云质泥岩和灰白色瘤状白云质灰岩,其间夹有5层灰绿色火山灰层。界线附近的层25—层29的岩性及生物变化较为独特和复杂,属于以上两者的过渡部分。根据沉积微相组合特征和生物面貌纵向上的变化特征,将界线层序归为斜坡上部、斜坡下部和盆地环境3个沉积相带,并组成一个跨越界线的三级层序,层序底界位于层22中部(层22-11底面)。     

湖北黄石二门二叠系/三叠系界线剖面长兴阶牙形刺分带及有机碳同位素的变化

湖北黄石二门二叠系/三叠系界线剖面出露完好,原始沉积连续,由乐平统龙潭组保安段灰黑色硅质岩、大隆组黑色硅质岩—硅质泥岩和下三叠统大冶组黑灰色泥岩以及泥岩夹灰岩组成,为介于典型浅水碳酸盐岩型与深海硅质岩型二叠系/三叠系界线剖面之间的半深海剖面。长兴阶可划分为Clarkinasubcarinata—Clarkinawangi及Clarkinachangxingensis两个牙形刺带。后者又可划分为3个亚带,自下而上依次为Clarkinachangxingensischangxingensis—Clarkinadeflecta亚带、Clarkinameishanensis亚带及Waning—Clarkina亚带,完全可以与二叠系/三叠系界线的全球层型剖面与点进行对比。另外,二叠纪末牙形刺的生态演化呈阶段性绝灭模式;有机碳同位素值在二叠纪/三叠系界线处出现明显的负偏移,指示了二叠纪/三叠纪之交生物绝灭后海水表层水原始产率的降低以及大气和海水中CO2含量的增加。     

浙江长兴长兴组火山岩和放射虫的发现

<正> 我国南部长兴阶的层型剖面在浙江长兴煤山葆青采石场。层型剖面经我所二迭—三迭纪地层队研究(1978),厚约40米,岩性大致可分上下二段:上段以灰—浅灰色中层状生物屑灰岩为主,次为含有孔虫微晶灰岩和海绵骨针微晶灰岩,普遍发育水平层理。含胶磷矿、沥青,产古(虫筳)、有孔虫、假蠕孔藻、棘皮类、腕足类、三叶虫、苔藓虫和海绵骨针。厚约     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

二叠系乐平统长兴阶底界全球界线层型和点位(GSSP)确立在我国浙江长兴煤山D剖面长兴灰岩的下部、4a-2层之底,以牙形石演化序列Clarkina longicuspidata-C.wangi中C.wangi的首现为标志。该点位位于长兴组底界之上88cm处,与长兴期特征的■类化石Palaeofusulina sinensis和大巴山菊石类的首次出现层位一致。界线层的碳同位素存在明显的负漂移,正磁极性带出现在吴家坪晚期的反极性带之上。在煤山D剖面以西300m处的C剖面出露较多的龙潭组地层,清晰地反映出龙潭组—长兴组连续的沉积序列,被列为辅助层型剖面。     

Characteristics of Albaillella （ Albaillellarian ,Radiolarian） Fauna from Guadalupian to Lopingian Series in Permian, South China

On the basis of establishment of radiolarian biostratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy,a radiolarian Albaillella fauna in the transitional environment from Guadalupian to Lopingian Series in Permian was found at a pelagic chert section in southeast Guangxi, South China. Radiolarian Albaillella is one of the most sensitive biology to the transitional environment. The Albaillella fauna shows an ecological evolutionary process from Guadalupian to Lopingian: declined stage-recovery stage-flourishing stage. The study of characteristics of the Albaillella fauna in the transitional environment may provide more information, not only for the subdivision and correlation of a high-resolution biostratigraphy, but also for influence of radiolarian Albaillella fauna on the pre-Lopingian mass extinction.     

浙江长兴地区二叠纪与三叠纪之交牙形石动物群及地层意义

本文把采自华南浙江长兴煤山二叠系与三叠系界线剖面的牙形石动物群从老至新分为三个带:1.Gondolella subcarinata-G·wangi组合带;2.G.changxingensis-G.deflecta组合带;3.Anchignathodus parvus带。将煤山剖面的二叠系与三叠系界线划在2、3组合带之间。并初步探讨了长兴地区长兴期至早格里斯巴赫期的牙形石分异度与沉积环境变迁。     

浙江长兴二叠系和三叠系界限地层的碳同位素

研究海相碳酸盐岩的碳和氧同位素已有三十多年,积累了数千个数据,其目的在于研究古海洋碳和氧同位素的演变。在此期间,一部分研究者认为,海相碳酸盐岩的δ¹³C值在0±2范围内变化,未表现出与地质时代相关的变化趋势(Clayton和Degens,1959;Degens和Epstein,1962;Keith和Weber,1964;Galimov,1965;Becker和Clayton,1972;Schidlowski等,1975)。但是,另一些学者,如Jeffery等(1955),Baertschi(1975),Compston(1960),Weber(1967),Garrels和Parry(1974)却认为,海相碳酸盐岩的δ¹³C值随地质时代而有规律地变化。     

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET     

煤山D剖面的放射虫动物群与海平面变化

煤山D剖面长兴组的放射虫动物群的研究成果很少.对煤山D剖面的放射虫动物群进行了详细的鉴定、个体数量和种的数量的统计.结果表明: 煤山D剖面长兴组的放射虫动物群的相对丰度、简单分异度与长兴期海平面变化具有耦合性: 放射虫丰度、分异度较大的层位基本对应于长兴早期和长兴晚期2次最大海侵事件发生的层位.长兴早期放射虫的丰度和分异度较大(相对长兴晚期而言), 这与长兴早期水体相对较深有关.煤山剖面放射虫动物群与海平面变化之间的这种耦合性为海平面变化的研究提供了依据.      

Turonian Radiolarians from Karnezeika,Argolis Peninsula,Peloponnesus (Greece)

Near Karnezeika a roughly 140 m thick Upper Cretaceous section consists of interbedded pelagic limestones, cherts and coarse polymict breccias including ophiolites and shallow water limestones. At the base, pink pelagic limestones rest on deeply altered and fractured Lower Jurassic Pantokrator Limestone. This first pelagic facies is dated as middle Turonian, based on planktonic Foraminifera. Over 100 m of coarse ophiolite-carbonate breccias, interpreted as a channel or canyon fill in a pelagic environment, document the erosion of the Late Jurassic nappe edifice along the Cretaceous Pelagonian margin. Above these breccias, we mesured 16 m of principally pink and red pelagic limestones and radiolarian cherts, in which we recovered well-preserved radiolarians discussed here. In this interval, the presence of planktonic Foraminfera allows to state a late Turonian to Coniacian age. More than 40 radiolarian species are described and figured in this work. The radiolarian chronostratigraphy established by 10 different authors in 11 publications was compared for this study and used to establish radiolarian ranges. This exercise shows major discrepancies between authors for the radiolarian ranges of the studied assemblage. Nevertheless, a Turonian age can be stated based on a synthesis of cited radiolarian ranges. This age is consistent with the age based on planktonic foraminifera. In combining the ages of both Radiolaria and planktonic Foraminifera, the studied samples can be restricted to the late Turonian. However, the discrepancies of published radiolarian ranges call for an urgent, major revision of the Late Cretaceous radiolarian biochronology. The integration of planktonic foraminifera with radiolarians may greatly enhance biochronologic resolution in sections where both groups occur.     

华南晚古生代硅质岩时空分布及再扩张残留海槽演化

根据硅质岩系的岩石组合和放射虫化石群的垂向变化,将华南泥盆系至中二叠统划分为５个构造层序,除早泥盆地的第１构造层序和晚石炭世的第４构造层序之外,其余每个构造层序对应出现一个放射虫生物群演替旋回,底部从无放射虫硅质泥岩带开始,向上变化为种属单调的中深海放射虫化石带,然后出现深海放射虫化石组合带,上部又出现了中深海放射虫化石组合带,这种演替旋回常常与海底火山喷发过程同步,代表残留海槽的一次再伸展扩张过     

Ocean Plate Stratigraphy in East and Southeast Asia

Ancient accretionary wedges have been recognised by the presence of glaucophane schist, radiolarian chert and mélange. Recent techniques for the reconstruction of disrupted fragments of such wedges by means of radiolarian biostratigraphy, provide a more comprehensive history of ocean plate subduction and successive accretion of ocean floor materials from the oceanic plate through offscraping and underplating.Reconstructed ocean floor sequences found in ancient accretionary complexes in Japan comprise, from oldest to youngest, pillow basalt, limestone, radiolarian chert, siliceous shale, and shale and sandstone. Similar lithologies also occur in the mélange complexes of the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and other regions. This succession is called ‘Ocean Plate Stratigraphy’ (OPS), and it represents the following sequence of processes: birth of the oceanic plate at the oceanic ridge; formation of volcanic islands near the ridge, covered by calcareous reefs; sedimentation of calcilutite on the flanks of the volcanic islands where radiolarian chert is also deposited; deposition of radiolarian skeletons on the oceanic plate in a pelagic setting, and sedimentary mixing of radiolarian remains and detrital grains to form siliceous shale in a hemipelagic setting; and sedimentation of coarse-grained sandstone and shale at or near the trench of the convergent margin.Radiolarian biostratigraphy of detrital sedimentary rocks provides information on the time and duration of ocean plate subduction. The ages of detrital sediments becomes younger oceanward as younger packages of OPS are scraped off the downgoing plate.OPS reconstructed from ancient accretionary complexes give us the age of subduction and accretion, direction of subduction, and ancient tectonic environments and is an important key to understanding the paleoenvironment and history of the paleo-oceans now represented only in suture zones and orogenic belts.     

New age data on the deposits of the Kiselevka-Manoma accretionary complex based on radiolarian fossils

The Kiselevka-Manoma Complex, the youngest accretionary complex in the Russian Far East, is composed of Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous pelagic and hemipelagic oceanic deposits. The radiolarian biostratigraphic study made it possible to refine the stratigraphy of the upper portion of the siliceous sediments from the northeastern fragment of this accretionary complex in the vicinity of the Kiselevka settlement in the Lower Amur region. The transition from pelagic siliceous to hemipelagic siliceous-clayey sedimentation was established within the interval from the Late Barremian to the Middle Aptian in different parts of the complex. The age of the accretion of the oceanic rocks is defined as postmiddle Aptian.