北京平原区隐伏断裂与氡浓度响应关系

北京地区隐伏断裂发育,NW及NE向断裂相互交汇,成为未来可能发生地震的构造.为了研究活动断裂与土壤氡浓度的响应关系,本次对北京平原区NW和NE向2条剖面进行了氡浓度测量.通过测试分析,基本查明了隐伏构造与土壤氡浓度的对应关系以及影响土壤氡浓度的相关地质因素.研究表明,活动断裂存在的区域氡浓度明显高于周边区域,且在构造复...     

汶川地震震后大成都地区断裂带活动性氡气测量分析评价

本文运用活动断裂剖面上的土壤氡气浓度测量,对大成都地区断裂的位置、范围和活动性进行监测,监测结果表明汶川地震对大成都地区断裂带有较大的影响。通过对北川断裂虹口剖面、彭灌断裂小渔洞剖面、彭灌断裂中坝剖面、彭灌断裂白鹿剖面以及新津-蒲江断裂剖面进行监测,从测量结果分析可知:断裂剖面土壤氡浓度背景高于无断裂带地区,且受地震影响较大,距汶川地震震中越近,断裂剖面土壤氡浓度值越高;断裂剖面氡浓度异常阈值与背景值之比均不大于3,最大值与背景值之比均小于5。结合测量地点的地形、表层土壤结构等地质条件,对大成都地区震后活动断裂的相对活动性的强弱进行科学评价,认为目前大成都地区并无活动性极强的断裂,且北川断裂与新津-蒲江断裂的活动性高于彭灌断裂。     

蓟县山前土壤氡浓度与断裂和地热关系研究

作者通过对天津蓟县山前地段土壤氡浓度的测量,对土壤氡-断裂-地热三者关系进行了研究,判明了这三者之间的物理相关性和形成机理的内在联系,其主要结论是:氡浓度异常与断裂构造的走向、地热异常的范围具有一致性,且氡浓度异常与地热异常具有正相关性;地下水的运移是产生氡浓度异常及地热异常的充分条件,构造破碎带是导通和富集氡浓度异常及地热异常的必要条件.在不同的构造单元中,可产生不同的热储类型.本方法可以确定地热资源的勘查方向,为地热资源的开发利用提供旁证依据.     

固体径迹探测技术在环境氡监测中的应用

对醋酸纤维素和CR-39探测器进行比较研究,在确定两种探测器的蚀刻条件和改进径迹计数方法的基础上,对CR-39探测器进行刻度,刻度系数为0.035 Tc/cm2/Bq.h/m3。应用固体径迹测氡方法对安阳地区和成都市室内外氡浓度进行测量,结果表明安阳地区室内外氡浓度范围在13.0 Bq/m3~54.2 Bq/m3之间,成都市室内外氡浓度范围14.1 Bq/m3~43.2 Bq/m3之间,低于GB/t16146-1995规定的氡浓度标准。监测过程发现,装饰地板材料是影响室内氡浓度的一个主要因素,水泥厂、钢铁厂等工业污染是影响室外氡浓度水平的重要因素。     

北京广东典型地区室内氡气浓度与地质背景关系

为了解不同地质背景条件室内氡浓度水平,采用脉冲电离室测氡仪AlphaGUARD测量了北京广东不同地质背景典型测点的室内氡浓度,同时对广东某一测点进行了长期的室内氡监测。测量和研究结果表明：地表岩性是影响室内氡浓度高低的重要因素之一。地处花岗岩地区的建筑物内氡浓度高于其他岩性地区的室内氡浓度,广东室内氡水平明显高于北京地区,广东北京花岗岩地区的平均室内氡浓度分别为69.98 Bq/m^3和43.97 Bq/m^3,第四系覆盖地区的平均室内氡浓度分别为43.60 Bq/m^3和35.74 Bq/m^3。民用住宅卧室内的室内氡浓度略高于公共建筑物办公室内的室内氡浓度。因此,结合地质背景研究室内氡的水平与分布对指导开展室内氡调查中确定抽样方案、选择测点及进行区域尺度室内氡评价有重要的实用价值。     

测氡技术在泉州清源山地下水源勘查中地应用

测氡是一种有效的放射性地球物理探测方法。由于含水裂隙基岩与其周边岩体的结构存在差异,氡气的浓度异常可间接反映出地质体裂隙系统的情况,并可分析其开启度、连通性,以及破碎程度。应用测氡技术对地下水资源进行勘探,对含水裂隙基岩的结构特征进行研究,能达到节约投资,缩短勘探时间的目的。并可与地质资料分析相互验证,为地下水勘察应用提供依据。这里将测氡技术应用于泉州市清源山地卞水资源勘探工作中,旨在寻找基岩山区地下水富集带。测氡结果显示,在清源山一带明显存在二条北西西向和北西向断裂,结合地质资料认为：F1断裂带和F2断裂带是地下水赋存的理想位置,而且这二条断裂延伸2．5km～3．0km,汇水面积大于13km^2,大气降水的补给能力5770m^3／d,每年的补给量可达211×10^4m^3。     

氡气测量在佳木斯城市地下热水普查的应用

在佳木斯城区地下热水调查中,运用了水中氡活度浓度测量和土壤氡活度浓度测量综合方法,有效地克服了城市地热地质调查中的不利因素。通过对水中氡活度浓度及土壤氡活度浓度测量值的正态化变换以及原始氡活度浓度异常分析,明确了氡活度浓度异常对地下热水控制构造的指示作用。通过对氡活度浓度测量值的趋势分析,提取局部异常,综合各种异常信息,确定了城区地下热水的有利远景区。     

土壤中氡浓度检测及其影响因素

综合相关文献研究,通过工程实例介绍土壤中氡气浓度的检测方法,对检测结果进行统计学分析,根据分析结果探讨不同土壤中氡浓度差异及其影响因素。结果显示:土壤孔隙度是影响土壤中氡气浓度的关键因素。不同类型的表层土壤,孔隙度不同,所含氡气浓度也不同。当表层土壤为房渣土、填土时,土质夯实,孔隙率低,氡浓度含量较低;表层土壤为粉土、粉质粘土时,土质较均匀,土层较疏松,孔隙度略大,土壤氡浓度大于前者;表层土壤为粉砂、细砂时,土层更为疏松,土壤中孔隙度再次增大,氡在土壤中有大量的存储空间,所含的氡浓度最大。因此,土壤的孔隙度大小影响氡从地下向地表渗透析出的难易程度,孔隙度越大氡越容易渗透其中,浓度就越高。     

喀斯特洞穴氡研究综述

氡对人体健康的影响向来是医学、化学、核物理学等学科的研究热点。近年来学术界虽然对喀斯特洞穴氡的来源(岩石、地下水)、氡浓度的影响因素(地质因素、洞体结构、洞内外气象参数)、氡浓度的测量(测量对象、测量仪器及方法)、氡的危害、氡的防治(隔离氡气渗入途径、排风通氡、控制洞穴内停留时间减少吸入量、加强监测)等方面开展了研究并取得了不少的成果,但对于喀斯特洞穴氡的形成机理、喀斯特洞穴氡测量标准的制定及有效剂量的估算、喀斯特洞穴氡的防治技术及员工的健康管理等方面的研究还比较薄弱,有待加强。      

北京西山地区岩溶洞穴氡浓度研究

对北京西山某岩溶洞穴1至4层进行了氡浓度测量,研究洞穴中氡浓度的变化特征,从时间和空间两个方面探讨其变化规律及其对人身体的危害。研究结果表明,天然溶洞在不同深度位置,氡浓度存在明显差异,随着深度的增加,氡浓度呈现线性的增长特征;溶洞内氡浓度在7、8、9月相对较高,平均浓度6123Bq/m~3,10、11、12月氡浓度较低,平均浓度2784Bq/m~3,呈现出季节性的变化特征,即夏季高而冬季低;溶洞内由氡及其子体所产生的年平均内照射剂量约为566 m Sv·a~(-1),超出国家规定公众年有效剂量的安全范围。建议对已经对公众开放的天然溶洞,进行氡浓度检测,采取有效的防氡降氡措施,减少氡及其子体的辐射,对人身体所产生的危害。     

龙泉山断裂带隐伏断层氡气特征及其活动性分析

龙泉山断裂构造带作为龙门山推覆带的前陆隆起,严格控制了成都平原东边界,其活动性历来受到人们的关注。通过对龙泉山断裂带的氡气进行测量,可以有效地判断隐伏断层的位置及其活动性。测量结果显示,龙泉山断裂带北段东坡活动性强于西坡,主断层的活动性明显强于边缘隐伏断层,4条断层的活动性由强到弱依次为合兴场断层红花塘断层龙泉驿断层松林场断层。龙泉山断裂带同一条断层在地表由多个破碎带组成,其氡气异常特征与断层活动性和破碎带特征呈正相关性,即断层活动性越强,氡气异常特征越显著。龙泉山断裂带氡气平均异常浓度是背景值的9.6倍,将各异常带峰值浓度与背景值进行对比分析,大致归纳出了龙泉山地区隐伏断层活动性的相对判别标准。     

A geostatistical approach for mapping and uncertainty assessment of geogenic radon gas in soil in an area of southern Italy

Spatial distribution of concentrations of radon gas in the soil is important for defining high risk areas because geogenic radon is the major potential source of indoor radon concentrations regardless of the construction features of buildings. An area of southern Italy (Catanzaro-Lamezia plain) was surveyed to study the relationship between radon gas concentrations in the soil, geology and structural patterns. Moreover, the uncertainty associated with the mapping of geogenic radon in soil gas was assessed. Multi-Gaussian kriging was used to map the geogenic soil gas radon concentration, while conditional sequential Gaussian simulation was used to yield a series of stochastic images representing equally probable spatial distributions of soil radon across the study area. The stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were used to assess the uncertainty associated with the mapping of geogenic radon in the soil and they were combined to calculate the probability of exceeding a specified critical threshold that might cause concern for human health. The study showed that emanation of radon gas radon was also dependent on geological structure and lithology. The results have provided insight into the influence of basement geochemistry on the spatial distribution of radon levels at the soil/atmosphere interface and suggested that knowledge of the geology of the area may be helpful in understanding the distribution pattern of radon near the earth’s surface.     

基于土壤氡气测量识别甘肃北山南缘隐伏断裂

我国高放废物地质处置库首选预选区位于甘肃北山南缘，区内分布有多条大型非活动断裂构造，这些断裂很可能成为未来放射性核素迁移的主要通道。断裂在向地表延伸过程中，受第四系覆盖等因素影响，造成关键构造部位隐伏地下而难以识别。本文以北山地区新场地段南部红旗山和前红泉断裂为研究对象，采用土壤中氡气测量方法，探讨了大型断裂构造中隐伏段落的识别及其指示的水文地质意义。结果表明：土壤中氡气测量对于识别北山南缘隐伏断裂具有很好的指示意义，是传统地质调查方法的一种重要补充；红旗山和前红泉断裂裂隙系统整体开启性均较差，裂隙系统不发育，影响范围较小，不具备形成较大规模储水空间的可能性。不同断裂带土壤氡浓度背景值差异较大，可根据土壤氡浓度累积频率分布图确定背景值；土壤氡浓度等值线分布图对判断隐伏断裂位置具有一定的指示作用。对于压剪性断裂而言，主断裂多沿氡气高异常与低异常边界分布或表现为氡气中等异常，而两侧的次级断裂表现为氡气高异常。     

四川阿坝土壤与空气中氡气浓度及分布调查

采用IED-3000R轻便型测氡仪,对四川阿坝地区土壤、空气中的氡气浓度开展初步调查。结果表明：(1)测区空气中氡气浓度较高,均在平均值185 Bq/m3附近;(2)所测得土壤的氡气浓度范围为2 736～93 486 Bq/m3,平均值为26 021 Bq/m3,远远高于全国城市土壤中氡气浓度7 300 Bq/m3的平均值,同时在156个土壤氡气浓度被测点中共有91个测点氡气浓度值超过20 000 Bq/m3,而按照国家标准,对于民用建筑工程土壤中氡气浓度超过20 000 Bq/m3要进行不同程度的防氡工程;(3)地质环境、土壤松散度、岩土性质、土壤含水率为影响阿坝地区土壤氡气浓度的主要因素。     

关于北京市平原区测氡定位隐伏活动断裂的探讨

本文结合氧气化学特性,对北京市隐伏活动断裂进行了测试,并选取了典型氧浓度异常剖面进行了解译分析,初步探讨了氧气与隐伏活动断裂的关系。     

Soil gas radon concentrations along the Ganos Fault (GF)

In this study, soil radon levels have been measured for the first time across the Ganos fault (GF), which is known as the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. LR 115 Type 2 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (time integrated) have been applied to determine soil gas radon levels, and the survey was performed in 16 stations along the fault line. The results showed that soil gas radon concentrations and variation of concentration levels are comparable high along the fault line. It is also observed that in the middle of the Ganos Fault, fairly elevated radon levels were detected. These can be related to the activity of the fault lines. It is confirmed that the study area has a very active tectonic structure and is great location for analyzing radon variations.     

Tectonic and geologic influences on soil gas radon emission along the western extension of Damascus fault,Syria

The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of using soil gas radon survey as a promising technique for locating the trend of western extension of Damascus fault, where it is hidden under a cover of Pliocene unconsolidated deposits. The normal level of radon background was established in a stationary area away from the tectonic influence of the fault zone. The sites of radon measurements were chosen according to the accessibility and suitability of the area, besides some indicative geologic and tectonic evidences. A total of 81 radon sampling points were analyzed, and the results revealed some reasonable spatial increases, with peak values of 2–3 times higher than the background level, trending in accordance with what is believed to be the general direction of the fault in the bedrock. However, permeability properties rather than geotectonic activities seemed to be the main causes controlling the variations of radon concentration over the concerned fault zone. Yet, the moderate level of the observed radon values could be attributed to the nature of the prevailing rock types, as well as the probable effect of locked tectonic structure due to the action of high regional compressive regime which typically originates such reverse faulting. Further, the accumulation of fill materials due to rock alteration along the plane of such dormant fault, through long geologic time, possibly led to increase in the ratio of clay minerals which may affect soil gas mobility through the medium.     

缅甸拉泰-其培河段恩梅开江断裂带氡气测量

利用测量土壤中氡气异常来确定隐伏断裂的几何学特征。在缅甸拉泰—其培河段布置的四条测氡剖面中,氡气异常明显,拉泰-芒童段异常值约为本底值的3～8倍,芒童以南部分异常值比本底值高100倍,表明芒童以南地段活动性较强。氡气测量结果很好地控制了恩梅开江断裂在覆盖层之下的延伸展布方向。地表开挖及平硐揭露,很好地验证了测氡结果所推测的断层几何学特征。因此,测定土壤中氡气异常来寻找隐伏断裂的方法是可行的。     

Correlations between soil gas and seismic activity in the Generalized Haiyuan Fault Zone,north-central China

Radon and mercury concentrations were measured in 10 fault gas profiles in Generalized Haiyuan Fault. This paper aims to predetermine the potential seismic risk in different segments of the fault zone from the perspective of geochemistry. The background value and anomaly threshold were adopted and synthesized using the maximum value method and average method to calculate concentration intensity values of radon and mercury. Fault soil gas mercury and radon concentrations show a decreasing gradient from NW to SE indicating evident segmentation. Higher values are mostly distributed in the Maomao Mountain–Tiger Mountain fault and Jingtai area. Combined with the seismotectonic background of historical and recent earthquakes and the spatial distribution characteristics of b-values, the fault soil gas concentration intensity shows a close correlation with earthquake activity within the fault zone. Concentrations of fault gas are higher and the b-value lower in areas of strong seismic activity, and regions with weak seismic activity correspond to lower fault gas concentrations and higher b-values. It is thus considered that the Jingtai area may be more dangerous than the other areas. This paper could provide vital background information for earthquake prediction in the Generalized Haiyuan Fault Zone.     

Soil-gas radon anomalies in three study areas of Central-Northern Calabria (Southern Italy)

Soil-gas radon concentrations and exhalation rates have generally been observed to be anomalously high along active faults in many parts of the world. The soil-gas method is based on the principle that faults and fractures in rocks are highly permeable pathways along which gases can migrate upward from deep crust and mantle to soil cover, retaining their source signatures. The present study summarizes the influence of fault zones on anomalous radon concentrations in soil by integrated geophysical and geo-structural analyses in three study areas of Central-Northern Calabria (Southern Italy). Soil-gas radon surveys have been carried out by means of an alpha scintillation counting system, at 12,509 locations between 2002 and 2004. A geostatistical approach has been used to estimate the spatial distribution of soil radon concentrations. Relations among soil-gas distribution and geo-structural features have been evaluated by ordinary multi-Gaussian kriging. Highest soil radon concentrations (ca. 90 kBq m^?3) have been measured in the Rossanese sector. In the three study areas, no appreciable differences can be noticed among lithotypes, with the highest concentration values (ca. 89 kBq m^?3) measured in alluvial deposit and in clay. Measurements of soil-gas radon reveal anomalies clearly connected to the tectonic structures. Increased signals are linearly distributed along regional WNW–ESE trending shear zones, with main pathways of concentration also recognizable along the E–W fault system in the Rossanese sector, the N–S fault system in the Crati Graben and the Catanzaro Trough, and the NE–SW fault system in the Catanzaro Trough. The distribution of epicentres of historical earthquakes occurred between 1184 and 2001 confirms the recent activity of the same fault systems. Soil-gas radon concentrations generally increase, as expected, with decreasing distance to the faults.