Zn_(1.5)PW_(12)O_(40)纳米管催化臭氧氧化苯胺的实验

自行合成了Zn1.5PW12O40纳米管催化剂,在臭氧体系中进行了催化氧化苯胺的实验。通过对苯胺的降解考察了Zn1.5PW12O40纳米管催化剂的催化性能,利用GC/MS对催化反应的途径和机理进行研究,并通过重复实验验证催化剂的回收利用效果。结果发现:在Zn1.5PW12O40的催化下,臭氧对苯胺降解效果有明显的提高,在8 min之内去除率可由单独氧化时的85%提高到99%;其臭氧氧化机理以羟基自由基为主,催化剂的重复利用性较好。     

Fe/Ag催化臭氧氧化降解苯酚的研究

为研究双金属催化剂去除有机污染物的效果,采用自制Fe/Ag催化剂对模拟苯酚废水进行了臭氧催化氧化处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂类型、催化剂投加量和溶液初始pH值对降解效果的影响规律。结果表明:与Fe相比,Fe/Ag比表面积减少了22.8%,在Fe/Ag/O₃与含苯酚废水的反应体系中,反应遵循臭氧直接作用和活性自由基(·OH、·O₂、H₂O₂)共同作用的机理;Fe/Ag在反应过程中体现出良好的协同作用;300 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在pH=6.3、Fe/Ag投加量为1.00 g的最优反应条件下经60 min反应,苯酚与化学需氧量(COD)去除率比单独臭氧氧化分别提高了18.4%和29.4%。     

天然锰钾矿氧化降解水体中苯酚实验研究

在酸性条件下进行了锰钾矿氧化降解水体中苯酚的实验研究，结果表明：室内自然光照和氧气环境不影响苯酚降解；反应溶液酸度越大，反应进行得越快；样品用量越多、粒径越小，越有利于降解反应；反应温度升高与振荡速度增大也有利于降解反应的进行；共存电解质氯化钠、氯化钙不影响降解反应，而磷酸钠与醋酸钠则不利于降解反应。当介质pH值为2、1，160～200目锰钾矿用量为10g／L，反应温度为25℃，振荡速度为200r／min，反应8h，对50mL浓度为100mg／L苯酚的降解率基本上达到100％，达到了工业排放标准。从反应产物初步推断，苯酚降解的实质是锰钾矿氧化降解作用，为处理苯酚废水增加了一种有效的方法，并拓宽了天然锰钾矿的开发应用前景。     

天然金红石光催化降解藏红T实验研究

以低压汞灯为光源研究了天然金红石悬浆体系中藏红T的脱色条件及其光催化反应动力学，讨论了溶液初始pH值、催化剂投入量、光强、气流量、催化剂粒径、反应气氛等实验条件对藏红T脱色速率的影响，阐述了实验过程中无机离子的生成情况。结果表明，该反应基本上符合一级反应动力学；在酸性条件下尤其是当溶液初始pH值为2．5时，藏红T的脱色速率要比在碱性和中性条件下快得多；增加光强度能较大地提高反应的降解速率；催化剂最佳投入量为1．3g／L；在氧化气氛下该反应比在非氧化气氛快得多；通入气体的流量在40L／h最合适；反应溶液中有氯离子溶出说明有机物中的含氯部分被降解。本研究为光催化作用降解有机污染物提供了新的途径。     

氯代有机物的降解研究

对含氯类有机物的降解进行研究,提出,氯代烷烃的降解主要采用双金属体系法;氯代芳香烃的降解多采用光催化氧化法;对于氯代酚类则采用催化臭氧氧化法、超声波降解法等.     

Zn-粘土催化剂对染料废水的O3氧化降解性能的影响

对于生物难降解性有机染料废水,用矿物催化剂进行复合催化氧化获 得了比较理想 的实验处理效果。以粘土为载体加载金属锌氧化物制成的可重复使用的固体催化剂,对人工模拟的染料废水进行复合催化臭氧氧化实验,获得了满意的效果。该法进一步提高了臭氧的降解效果,降低了处理成本。     

羟基铁铝柱撑蒙脱石的可见光催化性能研究

<正>Photo-Fenton反应是一种有效的高级氧化技术。Fenton体系中铁离子和H2O2能产生活泼的羟基自由基(·OH),其氧化还原电位为2.8V,仅次于氟(2.87V),因此可以将有机污染物降解为无毒、易生物降解的小分子物质,甚至最终降     

铁层柱蒙脱石非均相UV/Fenton法降解水中橙黄G染料的机理

Fe2+/H2O2和紫外光协同作用下的均相光助Fenton反应体系(UV/Fenton)在酸性水溶液中具有很强的催化氧化能力,因而可以有效地降解废水中的有机污染物,但此均相反应体系中Fe离子的分离和反复使用是一个有待解决的难题,亦即     

影响羟基自由基在O3/UV体系中生成规律的因素

臭氧紫外光（O₃/UV）法是将臭氧与紫外光辐射相结合的一种高级氧化技术。在紫外光的辐射下臭氧显著地加速了分解速率,在溶液中形成具有强氧化特性的羟基自由基。通过高效液相色谱法和荧光检测器测定O₃/UV体系中羟基自由基攻击水杨酸的产物2,5-二羟基苯甲酸（2,5-DHBA）,从而间接测定了捕捉到的羟基自由基的量。结果表明,反应时间、水相温度、初始pH值的增加明显有利于羟基自由基的生成,紫外光波长的减小和水杨酸浓度的增加也会对生成羟基自由基的量产生积极的影响。     

天然水镁石及其煅烧产物对臭氧化降解水中苯酚的效果研究

为有效去除工业废水中的苯酚,本文结合臭氧化技术,引入天然碱性矿物水镁石及其煅烧产物氧化镁作为催化剂,进行了催化臭氧化处理水中苯酚的研究。结果表明,加入的两种碱性矿物对臭氧化降解苯酚都有显著的催化效果。同时,碱性矿物的加入明显的改变了臭氧化过程中水体的pH值,从而对促进苯酚的降解起到了主导作用;除此之外,吸附实验及改变催化剂加入量的实验表明,碱性矿物表面对羧酸的吸附作用在一定程度上也导致苯酚降解效率的提高。本文工作为臭氧化降解水中苯酚提供了一种简便实用的处理方法,同时为天然水镁石矿物找到了新的应用领域。     

Degradation of 2, 4, 6-trinitotoluene in aqueous solution by ozonation and multi-stage ozonation biological treatment

The objective of this study was to explore the extent of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution and red water mineralization by comparing conventional direct ozonation and multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment process. The alkaline hydrolysis was used for remediation 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and red water at pH = 10.9. Nevertheless, the hydroxyl radicals would be generated by ozone decomposition with ozone dose of 0.177 g/L. The samples were subjected to chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon analysis to monitor pollutants removal. The rate of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and red water pollutants degradation were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution resulted 55.5 % chemical oxygen demand removal by 3 h direct ozonation. Following direct ozonation the biological treatment twenty four hours chemical oxygen demand reached 98.9 % and 98.7 % removal using humic acid and river water 1 % ( v/v) inoculation singly and respectively. Conventional direct ozonation showed non significant change in total organic carbon degradation. While on using multi-stage ozone-biological treatment process where humic acid and/or river water were used as inoculums singly and respectively, total organic carbon fulfilled 73 % and 98.3 % removal. The process was one hour direct ozonation and followed by three days multi-stage ozone-biological treatment. In multi-stage ozone-biological treatment process, ozonation was effective to decompose total organic carbon and to produce biodegradable dissolved organic carbon easily removed by ozone oxidation up to 98.3 % in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution. Pollutants removal achieved 99 % in authentic red water effluent using river inoculation 1 % (v/v) in 5 days. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transformation Infra Red methods were performed to confirm types of pollutants content in red water.     

Ozonation of diesel fuel in unsaturated porous media

The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of ozonation in unsaturated porous media, and consequently to observe its features and to identify possible limiting factors. Diesel fuel was chosen to represent a complex organic contaminant that is widespread in the environment. In this experiment, the effects of several ozonation features were investigated. Sand was spiked with commercially available diesel fuel (17.024 g diesel/kg dry sand), and packed into a column. Ozone was supplied into the column in a downward direction. When the sand was treated for 7 h at 20 mg ozone/l of air, 40% of the diesel was removed. As the ozone concentration increased from 5 to 20 mg ozone/l, the removal efficiency increased. The removal rate varied significantly depending on the ozone concentration and the treatment duration. At higher ozone concentration, significant quantities of ozone were consumed by the intermediates produced by the ozonation process, and therefore, the removal efficiency and the apparent removal rate of diesel became lowered. The low removal efficiency of diesel results from the high concentrations of normal alkanes. Total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) in the effluent gas was measured using a total hydrocarbon analyzer. The THC decreased with the period of exposure and increasing ozone concentration. Ozonation decreased the gas-extractable fraction and accordingly, the THC decreased. Water-extractable fractions formed by the action of ozone were further oxidized by ozone. Due to the reduction of WEOC (water-extractable organic C) caused by ozone treatment, the potential spread of contamination can be reduced.     

Catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate by Ce-substituted goethite

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments due to extensively used as plasticizer, which has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate was performed using Ce-substituted goethite as a novel catalyst, which was prepared by isomorphous substitution method. The specific surface area, pHpzc and surface hydroxyl density of the catalyst were determined. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The removal efficiency of DMP was almost 100% after 30 min, and about 40% DMP was mineralized after 60 min, which was nearly four times higher than single ozonation. During catalytic ozonation process, anions (PO₄ ^3?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?) affected DMP degradation, indicating that surface hydroxyl groups on the surface of catalyst were main active sites. The electron transfer process by redox reaction between Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ was proposed, and their interaction could also promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Ce-substituted goethite was an efficient catalyst for degradation of DMP by catalytic ozonation.     

Photocatalytic ozonation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water with a new TiO2 fiber

More effective techniques are required to mineralize the increasing number of recalcitrant organic contaminants at low concentrations in the water environment using advanced oxidation process. Though relatively new, photocatalytic ozonation (O₃/UV/TiO₂) is considered superior to ozonation (O₃) and photocatalysis (UV/TiO₂), due to synergistic effects and use of immobilized TiO₂ photocatalysts is a milestone in advance oxidation process. This article aimed to elucidate 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) mineralization characteristics in low aqueous solutions by O₃/UV/TiO₂ using the world’s first high-strength TiO₂ fiber catalyst in laboratory experiments. 2, 4-D degradation and TOC removal in O₃, UV/TiO₂ and O₃/UV/TiO₂ followed pseudo-first order reaction kinetic. The removal rates for 2, 4-D and TOC in O₃/UV/TiO₂ were respectively about 1.5 and 2.4-fold larger than the summation of the corresponding values in O₃ and UV/TiO₂. The O₃/UV/TiO₂ process was characterized by short-lived few aromatic intermediates, faster degradations of aliphatic intermediates and dechlorination as a major step in 2, 4-D mineralization. The significantly enhanced 2, 4-D mineralization in the process was attributed to increased ozone decomposition and reduced electron-hole recombination on TiO₂ surface resulting to a large number of OH generation. The O₃/UV/TiO₂ process with the TiO₂ fiber catalyst was very promising with respect to the major challenges being faced in AOP involving TiO₂, namely separation of powder catalyst in suspension and reduced efficiency of immobilized catalysts (e.g. TiO₂ film/fiber).     

Degradation of trace aqueous 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol occurring in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater by ozone

Degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitro phenol by ozonation in aqueous solution was studied in a semi batch reactor under constant ozone dosage and variable pH conditions. The effectiveness of the process was estimated based on the degree of conversion of 4-chloro-2-nitro phenol. It was observed that ozonation is more effective at alkaline reaction of medium than other conditions. The degree of conversion achieved (at the first 5 minutes of the process)at pH 9 was 99.64% compared to 99.03% and 77.35% at pH 7 and 3, respectively. Another parameter used to quantify the 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol during ozonation was the pseudo first order rate constant k [min^?1]. Results showed that the rate constant of the process was approximately much higher at the alkaline pH compared to acidic ones. A considerable improvement in chemical oxygen demand removal was observed at pH above 7. At pH 9, the reduction in chemical oxygen demand at the end of the process reached 56.9 %. The degree of organically bounded nitrogen conversion to nitrate was higher at pH 3. Of the total organic carbon reduction, 15.89 % was observed at pH 9. The 4-chloro-2-nitro phenol degradation intermediate products were analyzed by mass- spectrometry. The main intermediate product was chlorophenol.     

Ozonation of triterpenoids: Implications for early diagenesis of biomarkers in oxic environments

This study examines the fate of commonly found organic natural products under exposure to ozone to simulate early oxic diagenesis. The model compounds β-amyrin, lupenone and friedelin have been investigated by ozonation in the presence of water. The transformation products were identified or proposed based on their fragmentation patterns in mass spectra. The double bonds located at the isopropenyl group of lupenone and ring C of β-amyrin are the main reaction sites in the ozonation reaction. The major products identified from the ozonation of β-amyrin are β-amyrone, 12,13-epoxyoleanan-3β-ol, 11-oxo-olean-12-en-3β-ol, 12-oxo-oleanan-3β-ol. In addition, 8,14-seco-12-oxo-olean-14-en-3β-ol, 8,14-seco-12-oxo-olean-13-en-3β-ol and 8,14-seco-oleana-3,12-dione, generated from the bond cleavage between C-8 to C-14 of 12-oxo-oleanan-3β-ol and 12-oxo-oleanan-3-one, respectively, have also been detected. 22,29,30-trisnorlup-18(19)-en-3-one, 22,29,30-trisnorlupan-3-one, 22,29,30-trisnorlupana-3,19-dione, 22,29,30-trisnorlupana-3,12-dione, lupeol, lup-22(29)-en-3-on-29-ol, 22,29-epoxylupan-3-one, lupan-3-on-29-al, lupan-3-on-29-ol and 19,22-epoxylupan-3-one are the major products from the ozonation of lupenone. No transformation product was detected for friedelin, probably due to its stability to ozonation.     

Comparison of UV-C irradiation,ozonation, and iron chelates treatments for degradation of tetracycline in water

The objective of this study was to propose a method for efficient degradation of tetracycline as a water contaminant. UV-C rays, ozonation, and iron chelates were used for removal of tetracycline from water. Aqueous solution of tetracycline (5 × 10^?5 M) was exposed to UV-C rays (in two doses—6 and 12 W), ozonation (at 6–12 mg ozone), or iron chelates: iron(III) sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, iron(III) trisglycinate, and iron(III) citrate. For each of iron compounds, three doses were studied: 2.5 × 10^?5 M, 5 × 10^?5 M, 10 × 10^?5 M. The experiments have shown that aqueous solution of tetracycline (5 × 10^?5 M) is immediately degraded as a result of ozonation with 12 mg ozone. Absorbance of tetracycline decreased from A = 0.78 to A = 0.35 after 20-min ozone treatment of sample. The fluorescence spectra revealed the presence of two ozone-induced TC degradation products with fluorescence maxima at 523 and 531 nm appearing immediately after the ozonation treatment. On the other hand, iron(III) sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and iron(III) trisglycinate gave rise to a single TC degradation product with a fluorescence maximum at 531 nm, observed after 10 days of the experiment. On application of iron(III) trisglycinate, at any studied concentration, tetracycline becomes degraded faster—in 4 days. Iron(III) citrate degraded 90 % of tetracycline, when used at the level 10 × 10^?5 M. The biggest changes in tetracycline concentration were obtained as a result of ozonation and iron(III) citrate treatments.