伊朗Kashan 地区库姆盆地层序地层及沉积体系分布

中伊朗库姆盆地 Kashan(卡山)地区是中国石化海外重要的勘探区块,并首钻ARN-1井成功。该区是始新世中期—中新世中期形成的一个弧后边缘海盆地,其库姆组以浅海相的碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积为主。依据野外露头、钻井、测井、地震等资料建立了库姆组层序地层格架,划分为2个二级层序（SS1和SS2）和5个三级层序即S1—S5。并通过层序地层的划分对比分析了该区各层序的沉积体系的演化及展布特征,主要为三次海侵形成三期沉积体系：即S1层序为初次海侵期（A,B段,C1亚段）,S2层序为沉降充填期（C2,C3,C4亚段）,S3—S5再次海侵期（D—E段）。最后探讨了油气勘探意义。     

中伊朗盆地库姆组层序充填与新特提斯海演化

中伊朗盆地形成和发展受特提斯洋张力以及阿拉伯板块和伊朗板块边缘聚力的复合控制, 其演化经历了基底裂谷(Z1)、被动边缘(Z2-T2)、裂谷盆地(T3)、弧后前陆(J-N11)、陆内坳陷—挤压改造(N12-Q)等不同阶段, 层序充填包括1个一级层序、3个二级层序, 显示明显的纵向叠加、横向复合的复式特点。作为中伊朗盆地弧后前陆演化阶段沉积产物, 库姆组层序充填总体呈现碳酸盐岩、火山岩-火山碎屑岩、陆源碎屑岩“混积”的特点。库姆组包括S1、S2、S3、S4 4个三级层序, 其充填演化经历了Chattian期、Aquitanian早期、Aquitanian晚期、Burdigalian期4次三级海平面变化事件, 最大海平面时期(mfs)位于Burdigalian早期。     

彬长地区延安组层序地层划分

从地层界线、沉积旋回、标志层、测井曲线特征等方面进行对比分析,确定了彬长地区延安组三段地层与鄂尔多斯盆地五段地层的对应关系。在此基础上,利用层序地层学原理,将彬长地区延安组分为一个三级层序,进一步划分为3个小层序组,其中三级层序仅由2个体系域（初始充填体系域和超覆充填体系域）组成,表明彬长地区延安组只在盆地形成和发展时期接受沉积．缺失盆地萎缩时期的沉积。     

南盘江坳陷石炭系层序地层格架及古地理环境

南盘江坳陷石炭系划分为12个三级层序。其中下石炭统、上石炭统分别包含5个和7个三级层序,每个三级层序平均延时6Ma。按界面性质可将三级层序划分为5个Ⅰ型层序和7个Ⅱ型层序。上述十二个三级层序构成二个超层序(二级层序)。超层序内部的三级层序发育齐全,其最顶部的一个三级层序(WQ12)处于石炭系．二叠系过渡层。SS1低水位时期,右江地区为台-盆相间古地理格局,钦防地区的海盆则有所缩小;海侵时期盆地内部成为统一的台地和盆地,而高水位体系域沉积期则台地扩大,台盆缩小。SS2海侵时期,南盘江坳陷再一次分化成台．盆相间地理环境,高水位体系域沉积期则表现为水体变浅,岸线向盆地方向迁移。     

黄县盆地盆缘断裂活动的阶段性与沉积充填样式

进行了黄县盆地充填沉积的层序地层划分,并与盆地构造演化阶段分析有机的结合起来。研究表明：早第三起黄县断陷盆地的构造演化总体上经历了两次裂陷期,第一裂陷期以盆地间歇性快速沉降为特点,第二裂陷期以盆地持续缓慢沉降为特点;盆缘同沉积活动对盆地充填起控制作用,不同阶段发育的层序具有不同的沉积序裂特征,怯邓内部单元和沉积体系,相的配置显示出有序性,从而提出了黄县断陷盆地充填样式指出聚煤作用以低水位和水进期较     

万安盆地新生代层序地层格架与岩性地层圈闭

利用地震、钻井及古生物等方面的资料进行综合研究,根据沉积层序边界特征和沉积旋回的组合关系,将万安盆地新生代地层划分为3个超层序、6个层序组和10个三级层序;进而分析万安盆地新生代沉积演化过程,认为万安盆地从古新世一始新世开始沉降,直至第四纪总体表现为逐渐海侵的过程.SSQ1和SSQ2层序组以陆相断陷湖盆沉积为主,SSQ...     

库车坳陷古近系原型沉积盆地层序地层格架及沉积演化

基于库车坳陷大北—克深地区古近系原型沉积盆地地层沉积相精细研究结果,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为5个岩性段,苏维依组划分为3个岩性段。研究认为库姆格列木群砂砾岩段为扇三角洲沉积,膏泥岩段为局限泻湖沉积,白云岩段为局限泻湖—潮坪沉积,膏盐岩段为半局限泻湖—强蒸发膏盐湖沉积,泥岩段为滨浅湖沉积;按照层序地层学基本原理和五级层序划分方案对库车坳陷中东部古近系原型沉积盆地进行研究并建立了层序发育演化实体模型,研究认为该原型沉积盆地可以划分为两个二级超层序和3个三级层序,古近纪海侵是从大北—克深地区的河流下切谷开始的,3个三级层序均为海侵体系域和高位体系域旋回组合层序,海侵—高位体系域之间的转换界面发育最大或次级海泛面。     

三江地区北段江达弧间盆地的沉积演化

江达弧间盆地位于西藏东部的三江地区北段,现今被厚约 10 0 0 0m的三叠系所覆盖,三叠纪该区以海相沉积为主,并以巨厚浊积岩与频繁火山活动形成的钙碱性系列弧火山岩为特征。本文进行的盆地分析基于两个方面:一是运用层序地层学,通过精细沉积相与沉积相模式研究,在露头剖面上共识别出 10个三级层序界面和 10个三级层序,建立了三叠纪层序地层年代格架;二是沉降史分析,重建的构造沉降曲线上反映出两次抬升 (分别在 2 5 0Ma和2 35Ma)与二次明显的沉降,估算的沉积速率介于 87～ 5 37m/Ma。研究表明江达盆地演化可划分为 6个沉积充填序列,经过了早先的拉张加深和晚期挤压的充填变浅过程.     

中国南方二叠纪层序地层时空格架及充填特征

据华南二叠纪不同沉积盆地层序地层区域分布、纵向演化及其充填特征分析研究,初步建立了上扬子克拉通-右江盆地-钦防盆地、中扬子克拉通及全区的层序地层时空格架模型;提出层序充填可分为两个阶段:早二叠世碳酸盐缓坡-台地层序充填阶段,晚二叠世陆源碎屑为主与火山碎屑相混层序充填阶段;认为全区二叠纪四个Ⅰ型层序受控于构造隆升事件,晚二叠世层序TST普遍发育火山碎屑沉积,古陆边缘HST或少量SMT/LST大多由三角洲沉积体系进积叠加而成,上扬子克拉通及右江地区的生物礁以海侵和高位型为特色。     

塔里木盆地古近系层序地层研究

运用露头、钻井岩心及测井层序地层学的有关理论方法，对塔里木盆地周边露头及盆地内钻井剖面的古近系进行了详细的沉积学和层序地层学研究，共识别出6个三级层序界面，把塔里木盆地古近系划分为5个三级层序。其中，古新世-始新世早期（库姆格列木群沉积期）发育3个层序，从下到上为S1，S2和S3。S1大致相当于库姆格列木群底部的砾岩段、膏泥岩段到白云岩段，在塔西南地区相当于土依洛克组。S2和S3大致相当于库车坳陷库姆格列木群上部两套膏盐岩段以及塔西南坳陷阿尔塔什组-齐姆根组及卡拉塔尔组-乌拉根组的两套膏盐岩段。始新世晚期-渐新世（苏维依组沉积期）发育1~2个三级层序，即S4和S5。S4相当于库车坳陷的苏维依组和塔西南坳陷巴什布拉克组的主体，S5仅在部分钻井中见到，以苏维依组顶部局部发育的扇三角洲相砂砾岩为代表。在这些层序中，低位体系域往往以发育扇三角洲分流河道及辫状河道相砂砾岩以及咸化潟湖或蒸发台地相厚层膏盐岩为特征，而水进体系域多以滨浅湖相泥岩和粉砂岩为主,高位体系域则主要为碳酸盐岩及富泥质的沉积序列。     

张性边缘海的成因演化特征及沉积充填模式——以珠江口盆地为例

珠江口盆地的形成和演化过程经历了晚白垩世至渐新世的裂陷-晚渐新世至中中新世的热沉降-晚中新世至今的断块升降3个演化阶段,沉积了陆相-半封闭海相-开阔海相3套不同的沉积体系组合。总结归纳出珠江口盆地新生代3个阶段的沉积充填模式,并发现：裂陷阶段以充填式堆积和河湖沉积为特征,形成盆地最重要的湖相烃源岩--文昌组泥岩;热沉降阶段以海陆交替、海相沉积体系为特征,为形成良好的储盖组合创造了条件,沉积了珠江口盆地内最主要的储油层系--珠海组、珠江组以及韩江组,主要为滨海相、三角洲相等碎屑岩沉积;晚期盆地整体下沉,区域性盖层形成。该沉积组合反映了张性边缘海盆地的演化特点,盆地演化与资源效应表现在裂陷期、热沉降期及断块升降期的生储盖配置,故勘探目的层段为热沉降阶段所形成的三角洲碎屑岩与陆棚碳酸盐岩。     

伦坡拉盆地西部丁青湖组新发现凝灰岩锆石U- Pb年龄及其地层学意义

伦坡拉盆地丁青湖组沉积时代的确定对于研究青藏高原中部的古高度和古气候具有重要的地质意义,但由于没有精确的年龄数据,其顶部是否跨入了新近系,一直以来都存在争论。作者在伦坡拉盆地西部鄂加卒地区开展野外调查过程中,在该剖面中部和上部新发现两套凝灰岩夹层,对凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了两件凝灰岩样品的形成年龄分别为24.05±0.24Ma(MSWD=1.07,n=24)和22.64±0.33Ma(MSWD=0.45,n=17),时代分别为晚渐新世和早中新世。根据凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄和前人研究成果,将鄂加卒剖面的细碎屑岩地层重新厘定为丁青湖组,并将丁青湖组的沉积时代定为渐新世-中中新世。根据丁青湖组地层厚度及沉积速率估算,该组沉积持续时间在21～23Ma之间,其顶部地层的年龄在11～13Ma左右。由此可见,伦坡拉盆地接受连续沉积一直持续到了中中新世,这比过去普遍认识的晚始新世-渐新世时期青藏高原中部的古高度和古气候变化时间更晚。前人在该地区发现的近无角犀化石、攀鲈鱼化石、棕榈科叶片化石以及孢粉化石等研究结果共同证实,青藏高原中部渐新世晚期的古海拔高度低于～2500～3000 m。因此,该区晚渐新世-早中新世温暖潮湿的气候特征很可能是受到了印度洋气流穿透的影响,而且该影响可能一直持续到了中中新世,从而造就了该时期青藏高原生物的多样性。     

Late Cretaceous to early Miocene deposits of the Carpathian foreland basin in southern Moravia

 The Late Cretaceous to Early Miocene strata of the Carpathian foreland basin in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) are represented by a variety of facies which reflects the evolution of the foreland depositional system. However, because of the intensive deformation and tectonic displacement and the lack of diagnostic fossils the stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic interpretation of these strata are difficult and often controversial. In order to better correlate and to integrate them into a broader Alpine–Carpathian foreland depositional system, these discontinuous and fragmentary strata have been related to four major tectonic and depositional events: (a) formation of the Carpathian foreland basin in Late Cretaceous which followed the subduction of Tethys and subsequent deformation of the Inner Alps-Carpathians; (b) Middle to Late Eocene transgression over the European foreland and the Carpathian fold belt accompanied by deepening of the foreland basin and deposition of organic-rich Menilitic Formation; (c) Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (Egerian) uplifting and deformation of inner zones of the Carpathian flysch belt and deposition of Krosno-type flysch in the foreland basin; and (d) Early Miocene (Eggenburgian) marine transgression and formation of late orogenic and postorogenic molasse-type foreland basin in the foreland. These four principal events and corresponding depositional sequences are recognized throughout the region and can be used as a framework for regional correlation within the Alpine–Carpathian foreland basin. Received: 18 August 1998 / Accepted: 9 June 1999     

Sea-level fluctuations on the northern shelf of the Eastern Paratethys in the Oligocene-Neogene

Sea-level fluctuations in the terminal Eocene, Oligocene, and Neogene of the Eastern Paratethys are quantitatively assessed on the basis of facies and old coastlines traced on the northern platform shelf, levels of river valley incisions, and the study of seismic profiles. The first data massif allows the characterization and correlation of transgression stages in the history of the Eastern Paratethys. The greatest transgressions fall within the first half of the Late Eocene, mid-Early Oligocene, initial Late Oligocene, initial Early Miocene, the initial Tchokrakian, Karaganian and Sarmatian in the Middle Miocene, the middle and late Sarmatian and early Pontian in the Late Miocene, and the Akchagylian in the Caspian basin of the Pliocene. In contrast, the greatest incisions of northern rivers running from the platform allow us to establish the time and extent of the main declines in the base levels of the erosion. Maximal incisions date back to the terminal Eocene-initial Oligocene, terminal Solenovian time in the terminal Rupelian, the terminal Maikop in the Early Miocene, the terminal Sarmatian and middle Pontian in the Late Miocene, and the Early Pliocene in the Caspian basin. Large regressions also formed unconformity surfaces, traced on seismic profiles as erosion boundaries of several orders. The surfaces are confined to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, middle and late Maikop, Sarmatian/Meotian boundary, middle Pontian, and terminal Miocene-initial Pliocene, as well as being traced even in the most deep-water basins. The synthesis of these data suggests a preliminary version for the curve of transgression-regression cyclicity. Its correlation with the eustatic curve shows their similarity only in the lower part-prior to the initial Middle Miocene, when Paratethys became a semi-closed basin.     

Sequence of the Cenozoic Mammalian Faunas of the Linxia Basin in Gansu, China

In the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Cenozoic strata are very thick and well exposed. Abundant mammalian fossils are discovered in the deposits from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene. The Dzungariotherium fauna comes from the sandstones of the Jiaozigou Formation, including many representative Late Oligocene taxa. The Platybelodon fauna comes from the sandstones of the Dongxiang Formation and the conglomerates of the Laogou Formation, and its fossils are typical Middle Miocene forms, such as Hemicyon, Amphicyon, Platybelodon, Choerolophodon, Anchitherium, and Hispanotherium. The Hipparion fauna comes from the red clay of the Liushu and Hewangjia Formations, and its fossils can be distinctly divided into four levels, including three Late Miocene levels and one Early Pliocene level. In the Linxia Basin, the Hipparion fauna has the richest mammalian fossils. The Equus fauna comes from the Wucheng Loess, and it is slightly older than that of the classical Early Pl     

From Tethys to Eastern Paratethys: Oligocene depositional environments, paleoecology and paleobiogeography of the Thrace Basin (NW Turkey)

The Oligocene depositional history of the Thrace Basin documents a unique paleogeographic position at a junction between the Western Tethys and the Eastern Paratethys. As part of the Tethys, shallow marine carbonate platforms prevailed during the Eocene. Subsequently, a three-staged process of isolation started with the Oligocene. During the Early Rupelian, the Thrace Basin was still part of the Western Tethys, indicated by typical Western Tethyan marine assemblages. The isolation from the Tethys during the Early Oligocene is reflected by oolite formation and endemic Eastern Paratethyan faunas of the Solenovian stage. The third phase reflects an increasing continentalisation of the Thrace Basin with widespread coastal swamps during the Late Solenovian. The mollusc assemblages are predominated by mangrove dwelling taxa and the mangrove plant Avicennia is recorded in the pollen spectra. The final continentalisation is indicated by the replacement of the coastal swamps by pure freshwater swamps and fluvial plains during the Late Oligocene (mammal zone MP 26). This paleogeographic affiliation of the Thrace Basin with the Eastern Paratethys after ~32 Ma contrasts all currently used reconstructions which treat the basin as embayment of the Eastern Mediterranean basin.     

塔里木盆地新生代海相沉积问题

基于前人文献,对塔里木盆地新生代海相沉积问题进行梳理,进而探讨该盆地新生代海侵的次数和范围以及海退的时限、原因。研究表明,新生代,塔里木盆地至少经历古近纪的阿尔塔什晚期至齐姆根早期(古新世早期至古新世晚期)、卡拉塔尔期—乌拉根期(始新世中期)、巴什布拉克中期(始新世晚期至早渐新世)等三期海侵;塔里木盆地中新世仍有海相地层这一认识获得广泛认可仍需更多的地质证据来支持。塔里木盆地海侵范围在卡拉塔尔—乌拉根组沉积时期达到最大,向东可达玛扎塔格地区,在盆地北缘和南缘分别可以到达库尔勒以东地区和洛浦县阿其克以东地区。由于受到全球海平面变化和构造运动的共同影响,副特提斯海新生代从塔里木盆地退却的沉积记录包括齐姆根组顶部、乌拉根组顶部、巴什布拉克组第四段和第五段,时间上分别对应于古新世晚期、始新世中晚期和早渐新世。     

The Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) revisited with a view from the Moroccan Margin

This paper presents a new depth to acoustic basement map based on a grid of seismic profiles. In the Western Alboran Basin the basement is more than 10 km deep. An examination of a seismic profile of this region suggests that Late Oligocene–Early Miocene 5 km thick synrift formation has been accumulated in this basin. This West Alboran basin has been formed in an extensional setting, but in a fore‐arc position, south of the Balearic Islands then westwards transported behind a subduction zone.     

南海礼乐滩碳酸盐台地的发育及其新生代构造响应

为了探索碳酸盐台地在海盆演化过程中的作用,对南海南部礼乐滩区域碳酸盐台地的发育及其与新生代构造沉降特征的相关性进行研究.对多道地震数据的分析表明:在研究区广泛发育包括碳酸盐台地和生物礁在内的碳酸盐沉积,其发育时间主要集中在晚渐新世至早中新世期间,在中中新世后开始退积和淹没.通过对穿越礼乐滩区的两条NW-SE向测线NH973-2和DPS93-2的构造沉降反演,进行沉降量、沉降速率计算和构造分析.结果表明:沉降速率及沉降量随不同时期的构造活动而发生变化,可分为缓慢沉降期(古新世-早渐新世,张裂阶段)、隆升剥蚀期(晚渐新世-早中新世,漂移阶段)、加速沉降期(早中新世末期,后漂移阶段1)、强烈沉降期(中新世,后漂移阶段2)和稳定沉降期(晚中新世至今,后漂移阶段3)5个发育期.碳酸盐台地的发育期和南海海盆的漂移阶段相对应,构造沉降的分析表明该期间具有构造抬升作用,其与相对上升的海平面结合有利于碳酸盐沉积的发育.在南海扩张期间主地幔对流的控制下,南部陆缘区礼乐地块和礼乐滩盆地之间较大的地壳厚度差异会导致侧向上地温梯度的差异,从而形成礼乐滩盆地之下的次生对流.该次生对流控制了研究区在晚渐新世至早中新世期间的隆升剥蚀作用.