缅甸硬玉岩地区的热液型钠长石岩

产于俯冲带内的低温高压带的由单矿物构成的硬玉岩通常伴有钠长石岩,目前对于硬玉岩研究的关注度较高,而对于钠长石岩则相对较低,很少有相关论文报导.产于缅甸翡翠矿区的钠长石岩,经常与硬玉岩相伴而生,是良好的研究样品.钠长石岩的主要矿物成分是低温钠长石,其次含有硬玉、绿辉石、透辉石等辉石类矿物和钠透闪石、蓝透闪石、镁钠闪石等闪石类矿物,此外还有钠沸石等.钠长石沿着解理和裂隙交代硬玉,说明钠长石形成晚于硬玉岩.钠长岩中的主要组成矿物钠长石的形成温度小于300℃,且其形成压力小于0.5kb,推测是在硬玉岩抬升程中通过交代与沉淀作用形成.其内的透辉石有两种类型,一类可能是被交代的硬玉中的透辉石组分会渐进增加,最终形成透辉石.另一类是被绿辉石包裹的透辉石残留,其很有可能是早期来自地幔楔或者俯冲带岩石中的矿物残留,即异剥钙榴岩或辉石岩类,可以视作硬玉化绿辉石岩和硬玉化异剥钙榴岩的矿物学证据.热液型钠长石岩的存在进一步说明缅甸翡翠矿区钠化热液存在现象的普遍性与穿越性.     

哈萨克斯坦伊特穆伦硬玉岩的矿物学特征

硬玉岩是一种较为少见的高压低温变质岩,不仅具有重要的科研价值,也是一种名贵的玉石材料。本文对产于哈萨克斯坦卡拉干达州伊特穆伦矿区的硬玉岩进行了岩相学观察和矿物化学成分分析,并与缅甸、俄罗斯和危地马拉的硬玉岩进行对比。结果表明,哈萨克斯坦硬玉岩主要组成矿物为硬玉、绿辉石以及少量方沸石和钠沸石,具有粒柱状变晶结构,硬玉矿物的平均化学成分为w(SiO2)=58.38%,w(Al2O3)=21.88%,w(Na2O)=12.69%,w(CaO)=3.40%,w(MgO)=2.58%,w(FeO)=0.29%。不同产地样品中绿辉石和硬玉的SiO2含量相差不大。哈萨克斯坦样品中绿辉石Na2O和FeO的含量略低于缅甸、俄罗斯和危地马拉,MgO和CaO稍高于其它3个产地,硬玉MgO和CaO略高于其它3个产地。     

缅甸硬玉岩中硬玉矿物的结构水表征

本文介绍了名义上无水的辉石族矿物中结构水的研究现状,特别是硬玉矿物的结构水红外表征和含量。且笔者以缅甸硬玉岩为研究对象,使用显微红外光谱、电子探针等测试手段,从微观角度研究其中硬玉矿物的结构水表征。研究结果表明:缅甸硬玉岩中硬玉矿物的结构水在红外光谱中主要表征为3 610~3 620 cm-1和3 540~3 550cm-1两个区域的吸收峰,且结构疏松的硬玉岩中硬玉矿物的结构水含量呈现外侧多中间少,结构致密的硬玉矿物的结构水含量各部位较为均一。结构水的含量差异和变化趋势可能是硬玉岩形成时板块俯冲和折返过程中的流体参与作用的结果,进一步为缅甸硬玉岩成因提供了的佐证。     

含钠长石翡翠成因探讨

为详细探讨含钠长石翡翠的成因机制,笔者选取了若干来自缅甸的含钠长石翡翠,对其进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学等方面的研究。含钠长石翡翠样品属于豆青种,主要由硬玉、钠长石、方沸石和少量的多硅白云母、钡铝硅酸盐等矿物组成。其中的硬玉发育清晰的环带结构,成分从核部至边缘发生规律性的成分变化。翡翠同时受到两期后期流体活动的改造,第一期以钠长石为代表,第二期以方沸石为代表,流体的改造作用使硬玉呈现碎裂状、碎斑状结构和交代穿孔等结构。结果表明,含钠长石翡翠样品表现出从成岩流体中直接结晶的特点,该流体富集Na、Al、Si、K、Ba以及少量的Ca、Fe、Mg等元素,微量元素则相对富集LREE、HFSE和sr等元素。结合前人的研究结果以及该玉石中的矿物反应关系,笔者推测缅甸翡翠形成的压力和温度范围分别在6-14kbar和300℃-450℃。     

青藏高原北部可可西里狮头山含硬玉岩类的基本特征及地质意义

描述了可可西里山南狮头山含硬玉岩类的岩石学、矿物学特征。含硬玉岩类的原岩为辉长岩，围岩为石炭—二叠系。由于变质作用不彻底，保留有原岩的矿物组合。典型的高压变质矿物组合为：钠长石 硬玉 霓石 蓝闪石 绿帘石 绿泥石。硬玉SiO2、FeO偏低，Al2O3、Na2O明显偏高，变质矿物组合中以富钠矿物为主，缺少石英，与国内外含硬玉岩类的原岩成分、变质矿物组合均不相同，是一种新的高压低温硬玉岩类。狮头山高压变质带向西延至若拉岗日、大横山一带，与北侧的西金乌兰—金沙江板块缝合带(西段)平行产出，以此推测缝合带南侧的羌北—昌都板块向北消减于巴颜喀拉板块之下。     

危地马拉硬玉岩与硬玉化绿辉石岩的岩石学特征及其地质意义

位于北美-加勒比板块俯冲带内的危地马拉硬玉岩区产有硬玉岩、榴辉岩、钠长岩等岩石类型,但绿辉石岩还没有详细报导过。研究样品为该区的硬玉岩和绿辉石岩,前者主要由Jd端元含量较高的硬玉组成,具有粒、柱状镶嵌结构。硬玉晶体具有显著的成分振荡环带,其核部及其背散射电子图像的浅色区Jd端元含量为94.81%～95.48%;暗色区Jd含量大于97.92%。后者绿辉石岩具有交代结构,主要由绿辉石和硬玉组成。其中绿辉石的CaO(9.01%～10.80%)和MgO(6.09%～7.94%)含量较高,FeO(2.84%～4.89%)含量较低;硬玉的CaO、MgO和FeO含量变化范围较大,分别为0.59%～4.30%,0.26%～3.05%,0.76%～2.87%。硬玉岩中流体包裹体的存在,以及绿辉石岩中显著的硬玉交代绿辉石现象说明其成因与缅甸硬玉一样,是硬玉质流体通过结晶-交代作用形成。硬玉岩中硬玉振荡的环带结构反映形成时温度-压力-组分体系存在振荡变化,平直连续的环带边界反映结晶时P-T条件位于硬玉稳定的低温高压区域。该区绿辉石岩的硬玉化作用清楚,能够观察到三期硬玉岩化作用现象,说明绿辉石岩可能是在硬玉岩的形成过程中,硬玉质流体与原岩辉石岩作用的结果,这进一步阐明了俯冲带内硬玉岩区硬玉质流体的广泛透入性与结晶交代作用的多样性。     

危地马拉灰绿色翡翠

通过对危地马拉灰绿色翡翠样品进行常规宝石学测试、岩矿鉴定、X射线荧光光谱、X射线粉末衍射及红外光谱等分析,确定了其化学成分与硬玉的基本相同,其矿物组成以硬玉为主,含有少量的钠长石、白云母、钠云母及微量的黝帘石、金云母、榍石与方沸石等;主要为柱状、粒状变晶结构与粗粒变晶结构;红外光谱在1000-1100cm^-1范围内由于Ca,Mg等杂质元素替代Al引起vas（Si-O-Si）反对称伸缩振动致1071cm^-1处峰,与缅甸翡翠的相比有明显漂移。     

缅甸硬玉岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其对新特提斯洋俯冲带流体活动的制约

硬玉岩大多产于蛇纹石化橄榄岩中,是洋壳俯冲带低温高压条件下流体与超基性岩相互作用的产物。缅甸硬玉岩产于新特提斯洋俯冲带中,是世界上最大和最重要的硬玉矿床。本文对一块缅甸紫色硬玉岩中的锆石进行了内部结构、微量元素和U-Pb定年研究。所研究的锆石晶形不规则,普遍遭受了不同程度的重结晶改造。锆石U-Pb年龄与Ti含量具有明显的正相关性,反映了受重结晶改造越强,Ti含量越低。受重结晶改造较弱的锆石区域具有弱的岩浆分带特征,较高的Th/U比值(0.11~0.29)和REE含量(ΣREE=607×10-6~2494×10-6),Ti含量在1.58×10-6~8.60×10-6之间,对应的锆石Ti温度为598~732℃,206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为158±4Ma(MSWD=3.5,N=6),代表了硬玉岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄的最小估计值;重结晶改造较强的锆石区域呈现出杂乱的补丁状分带,根据锆石Th/U比值、REE含量和Ti含量分为完全重结晶锆石和不完全重结晶锆石。完全重结晶锆石区域具有相对低的Th/U比值(集中在0.11~0.17),REE含量较低(ΣREE=143×10-6~362×10-6)并具有非常低的Ti含量(0.19×10-6~0.68×10-6),对应的锆石Ti温度为473~543℃,与硬玉岩形成的温度条件相符,给出的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为79±2Ma(MSWD=0.88,N=5),代表了硬玉岩有关的流体活动的年龄。而不完全重结晶锆石区域的地球化学特征介于两者之间,Th/U比值在0.14~0.43,Ti含量多数在0.25~7.17之间,其年龄范围在91~142Ma之间,不具有明确的地质意义。结合已有的缅甸硬玉岩的年代学数据,我们认为在新特提斯洋俯冲过程中发生了多期次的流体交代作用,在147~79Ma期间形成了不同时代的硬玉岩。     

中国东部大别山超高压变质杂岩中的石英硬玉岩带

大别山的石英硬玉岩是大别山超高压变质杂岩中的重要成员,与大理岩和榴辉岩紧密共生,呈大小不等的构造透镜体产出在云母斜长片麻岩和含硬玉片麻岩中,分布在长约４０ｋｍ,宽约１ｋｍ的带内。透镜体中心常为花岗变晶结构,边部有不同程度退变并面理化,向外围逐渐变为含硬玉片麻岩。岩石的主要矿物组成为硬玉、石英、石榴石、金红石。退变的石英硬玉岩中还有钠长石、霓石、霓辉石、榍石等。硬玉和石榴石中都有柯石英包体。硬玉的Ｊｄ端元组分为８１．２５％～９０．２７％。恢复的石英硬玉岩的原岩为硬砂岩,与大理岩伴生的榴辉岩的原岩为泥灰岩。因此,石英硬玉岩与共生的大理岩和榴辉岩都属于榴辉岩相变质的表壳岩系,它的成带分布、其中有柯石英的产出,进一步证明大陆地壳能够俯冲到１００ｋｍ左右深度并迅速折返地壳后使其中的高压标志保存完好。     

缅甸硬玉岩中后成合晶冠状体的含水性研究

基于多期次流体活动在硬玉岩及后成合晶冠状体的交互作用过程中发挥了至关重要的作用,采用电子探针、显微红外光谱等测试方法,从微尺度角度重点对缅甸角闪石质硬玉岩中角闪石+铬硬玉+硬玉后成合晶冠状体的成分和结构羟基赋存状态进行了研究。结果显示,参与后成合晶冠状体形成的流体组分较为复杂且形成过程是多阶段的;后成合晶冠状体的共生矿物组合不同,角闪石质硬玉岩中普遍发育角闪石+铬硬玉+硬玉化学成分环带;后成合晶冠状体中核部角闪石结构羟基含量较为均一,铬硬玉边缘至硬玉、硬玉晶粒中的结构羟基含量呈较为规律的递增趋势。核部角闪石中结构羟基均一且外层硬玉中结构羟基含量的变化规律表明缅甸硬玉岩中后成合晶冠状体的形成环境相对稳定,主要以多期次流体交代为主,未出现较大规模的动力变质作用。缅甸硬玉岩中后成合晶冠状体成分及水含量的变化规律有助于解析该地区俯冲带流体参与硬玉岩交互作用的轨迹,从而为缅甸硬玉岩的成岩机制提供一定的佐证。     

危地马拉紫色翡翠的矿物组成特征及意义

通过薄片鉴定、阴极发光、LIBS、LA-ICP-MS等手段,确定了危地马拉紫色翡翠的矿物组成有硬玉、钠长石、钙铝榴石、榍石与金红石,这些矿物的结晶顺序为金红石+榍石-白色硬玉-蓝紫色硬玉+钙铝榴石-钠长石,具有从温度降低的流体中结晶演化的特征。蓝紫色硬玉的Ti含量较高。在外观上,危地马拉紫色翡翠含有钙铝榴石造成的淡红色团块、含Ti硬玉造成的蓝紫色团块以及伴随这些团块的无色透明的钠长石,与缅甸产的紫色翡翠有较为明显的区别。     

Jadeitites, albitites and related rocks from the Motagua Fault Zone, Guatemala

Jadeitites from Guatemala are found as weathered blocks in tectonized serpentinite in a 15-km zone north of the Motagua Fault Zone. Rock types found with jadeitite include albitites, albite-mica rocks, omphacite/taramitic amphibole-bearing metabasites, chlorite-actinolite schists, talc-carbonate rocks and antigorite schists. In addition to the predominant jadeitic (Jd₉₃_₁₀₀) pyroxene, common phases in jadeitite include micas (paragonite and/or phengite ± rarer phlogopite), omphacite, albite, titanite /Pm zircon, apatite and graphite. Conditions of jadeitite formation are 100-400d? C, 5-11 kbar with 0.0 > log₁₀a_sio2≥= 0.7. Fluid inclusions, coarse textures, vein structures, and rhythmic zoning of pyroxene indicate an aqueuos fluid was involved. Jadeitites are either (1) metasomatic modifications of former felsic-to-pelitic inclusions that have undergone silica depletion plus efficient soda exchange and enrichment, or (2) solution precipitations derived from such a source. The close spatial relationship of faults and shear zones, serpentinites, and jadeitites suggests jadeitites form in a relatively high-P/T setting with substantial flow of sodic fluid in a tectonized zone. Most Guatemalan jadeitites are extensively altered to analcime, albite, taramitic amphibole, (clino)zoisite ± nepheline and preiswerkite. This alteration reflects depressurization /Pm heating to below the jadeite + fluid = analcime reaction at high a_Na. With progressive alteration, analcime and nepheline are replaced by albite; the increase in silica content may result from fluid flowing up a tectonized zone reaching saturation with an albite assemblage. Albitite phases, albite, actinolite, zoisite, /Pm chlorite, phengite, K-feldspar and quartz, record conditions of c. 3-8 kbar at T < 400d? C, indicating a clockwise P-T trajectory of the blocks. Barium aluminosilicates—banalsite, celsian, cymrite and hyalophane—are common minor late-stage phases in jadeitites and albite-rich rocks. Barian phengite is common in albite-mica rocks.     

Origin of zircon in jadeitite from the Nishisonogi metamorphic rocks,Kyushu, Japan

On the basis of internal structures, laser ablation U–Pb ages and trace element compositions, the origin of zircon in jadeitite in the Nishisonogi metamorphic rocks was examined. The zircon comprises euhedral zoned cores overgrown by euhedral rims. The cores contain inclusions of muscovite, quartz, albite and possibly K‐feldspar, yield ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb ages of 126 ± 6 Ma (±2 SD, n = 45, MSWD = 1.0), and have Th/U ratios of 0.48–1.64. The rims contain inclusions of jadeite, yield ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb ages of 84 ± 6 Ma (±2 SD, n = 14, MSWD = 1.1), and have Th/U ratios of <0.06. The cores are richer in Y, Th, Ti and rare earth elements (REEs), but the rims are richer in Hf and U. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns of the cores indicate higher Sm_N/La_N ratios, lower Yb_N/Gd_N ratios and larger positive Ce anomalies compared with those of the rims. Thus, the cores and rims have different ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb ages and trace element compositions, suggesting two stages of zircon growth. Although the ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb ages of the rims are consistent with the reported ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar spot‐fusion ages of matrix muscovite in the jadeitite, the ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb ages of the cores are older. The mineral inclusions and high Th/U ratios in the cores are best explained by crystallization from felsic magma. Therefore, the cores are considered relicts from igneous precursor rocks. The rims surrounding the inherited cores possibly precipitated from aqueous fluids during jadeitite formation. The elevated U concentrations in the rims suggest that infiltration of external fluids was responsible for the precipitation. This study provides an example of jadeitite formation by metasomatic replacement of a protolith.     

Element residence and transport during subduction-zone metasomatism: evidence from a jadeitite-serpentinite contact,Guatemala

Jadeitite is a rare constituent of serpentinite-matrix mélange bodies from certain subduction complexes. Most jadeitite crystallizes from Na-, Al-, and Si-bearing fluids that are apparently derived from multiple subduction-zone sources. Even though jadeitite is near-end-member NaAlSi₂O₆ in major element composition and is volumetrically minor in subduction complexes, its trace elements and stable isotopes appear to record fluid compositions not directly seen in other subduction zone metasomatic systems.

Prior to our work, how jadeitite-forming fluids interact with serpentinite host rocks and serpentinizing fluids were largely unknown, because serpentinite-to-jadeitite contacts are generally not exposed. In the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, we have studied a 3 m-wide pit transecting the contact between a mined-out jadeitite body and its host serpentinite. An apparent transition zone between the former jadeitite and nearby serpentinite exposed in the mine pit contains four texturally distinct rock types of differing outcrop colours, composed of albitites and meta-ultramafic rocks. (The jadeitite body is now represented only by a large spoil pile.) Seven samples from the contact zone, jadeitite from the spoil pile, a serpentinite outcrop approximately 1 m outside the pit, and a jadeitite nodule within the contact zone albitite were analysed for major, minor, and trace elements.

Abundances of Al₂O₃, Na₂O, MgO, FeO, Cr, Ni, and Sc track the contact between sheared albitite and foliated meta-ultramafic rocks. These elements change from values typical of Guatemalan jadeitites in the jadeitite block and albitites in the contact zone to values for Guatemalan meta-ultramafic rocks and serpentinites across the contact zone. In addition, the abundances of SiO₂, CaO, Fe₂O₃, K₂O, Rb, Cs, and Y show important features. Of greatest interest, perhaps, approximately 15 cm from the contact with meta-ultramafic rock, Zr, U, Hf, Pb, Ba, Sr, Y, and Cs in albitite are greatly enriched compared to elsewhere in the contact zone. Element enrichments spatially coincide with the appearance, increase in modal abundance, and/or increase in grain sizes of zircon, rare earth element (REE) rich epidote, titantite, and celsian within albitite. All of these ‘trace-element-rich’ accessory minerals show poikiloblastic inclusions of albite, which suggests that they grew concomitantly in the metasomatic zone.

Graphical and computational methods of evaluating mass changes of metasomatites relative to likely protoliths show that, near the contact, fewer minor and trace elements in albitite show 1:1 coordination with presumed protoliths. Most metasomatitites are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and heat-producing elements (HPE) relative to likely protoliths. Albitite near the contact with meta-ultramafic rocks also shows ultramafic components. Except for a Ca-rich actinolite schist zone, the meta-ultramafic rocks are depleted in LILE and HPE relative to serpentinite; host serpentinite is itself under-abundant in these elements relative to average upper mantle or chondrite.

In summary, the metasomatic zone shows more evidence for the introduction of components to albitite and actinolitic meta-ultramafic rock than it does for exchange of protolith components between jadeitite and serpentinite. The fluid that presumably formed the metasomatites was sufficiently rich in LILE and high-field-strength elements (HFSE) to both saturate and grow minerals in which Zr, Ba, and Ti are essential structural constituents and/or HFSE, LILE, and HPE minor to moderate substituents. These geochemically diverse element groups were fixed in albitite via the crystallization and growth of new accessory minerals within these rocks during albititization. The amount of LILE and HPE-depleted meta-ultramafic rock appears to be too small to call upon a local source for the LILE and HPE-enrichment seen in albitites. Therefore, LILE and HPE must be of exotic origin, carried and deposited by fluids within the albitites at the jadeitite-serpentinite contact. This contact clearly testifies to an alteration style that involved crystallization of ‘trace-element’-rich minerals during fluid flow; this process appears to be essential to mass transfer within subduction zones.     

翡翠的矿物组成及其宝石学意义

翡翠的矿物组成是影响翡翠质量及其物理性质的最根本原因,同时玉石质量也受其结构、构造的影响.辉石类矿物是组成翡翠的主要矿物,次要矿物包括有长石族矿物和闪石族矿物,常见的副矿物有铬铁矿、绿泥石、褐铁矿等.矿物组成的复杂性直接导致了翡翠种类、颜色的多样性变化,同时也对透明度、光泽度、比重、硬度及工艺性能等产生影响.所以,翡翠的矿物组成是质量分级评价最根本的依据,具有很重要的宝石学意义.     

基于现代测试技术的钠长石玉矿物组成研究

虽然目前普遍认为钠长石玉的主要矿物组成是钠长石、阳起石、绿泥石、绿帘石、石英等,但仍有待验证.参照行业中对翡翠种的划分,将市场上常见的钠长石玉进行分类,通过偏光显微镜观察、电子探针测试、X射线粉末衍射仪等测试方法对钠长石玉的矿物组成进行了测试与分析,得出钠长石玉的主要组成矿物、次要矿物及副矿物.对一些学术著作中关于钠长石玉的矿物组成钠长石玉中“飘蓝花”品种的致色矿物是绿泥石和绿帘石提出质疑,结果表明,钠长石玉中“飘蓝花”矿物为绿辉石和角闪石.X射线粉末衍射试验的分析表明钠长石的有序度为1或非常接近1,为完全有序或非常接近完全有序的钠长石,说明钠长石玉的形成温度很低.     

A new jadeitite jade locality (Sierra del Convento, Cuba): first report and some petrological and archeological implications

A new jadeitite jade locality has been discovered in the serpentinite-matrix subduction mélange of the Sierra del Convento (eastern Cuba) in a context associated with tectonic blocks of garnet-epidote amphibolite, tonalitic–trondhjemitic epidote gneiss, and blueschist. The mineral assemblages of jadeitite jade and jadeite rocks are varied and include combinations of jadeite, omphacite, albite, paragonite, analcime, clinozoisite-epidote, apatite, phlogopite, phengite, chlorite, glaucophane, titanite, rutile, zircon, and quartz formed during various stages in their P–T evolution. Field relationships are obscure, but some samples made almost exclusively of jadeite show evidence of crystallization from fluid in veins. In one of these samples studied in detail jadeite shows complex textural and chemical characteristics (including oscillatory zoning) that denote growth in a changing chemical medium. It is proposed that interaction of an Al–Na rich fluid with ultramafic rocks produced Al–Na–Mg–Ca fluids of varying composition. Episodic infiltration of these fluids, as a result of episodic opening of the veins, developed oscillatory zoning by direct precipitation from fluid and after reaction of fluid with pre-existing jadeite. The latest infiltrating fluids were richer in Mg–Ca, favouring the formation of omphacite and Mg–Ca rich jadeite in open voids and the replacement of earlier jadeite by fine-grained omphacite + jadeite at 550–560°C. This new occurrence of jadeite in Cuba opens important perspectives for archeological studies of pre-Columbian jade artifacts in the Caribbean region.     

Experimental and thermodynamic study of heterogeneous and homogeneous equilibria in the system NaAlSiO4-SiO2

Internally consistent thermodynamic datasets available at present call for a further improvement of the data for nepheline (Holland and Powell 1988; Berman 1991). Because nepheline is a common rock-forming mineral, an attempt has been made to improve on the present state of knowledge of its thermodynamic properties. To achieve that goal, two heterogeneous reactions involving nepheline, albite, jadeite and a-quartz in the system NaAlSiO₄-SiO₂ have been reversed bylong duration runs in the range 460 ≤ T(°C) ≤ 960 and 10 ≤ P(kbar) ≤ 22. Given sufficiently long run times, thealbite run products approach internal equilibrium with respect to their Al,Si order-disorder states. Using appropriate thermochemical, thermophysical, and volumetric data, Landau expansion for albite, and the relevant reaction reversals, a refined thermodynamic dataset (Δ_fH_i⁰ and S_i⁰) has been derived for nepheline, jadeite, a-quartz, albite, and monalbite. Our refined data agree very well with theircalorimetric counterparts, but have smaller uncertainties. The refined dataset for Δ_fH_i⁰ and S_i⁰, including their uncertainties and correlation, help generate the NaAlSiO₄-SiO₂ phase diagram including 2a confidence interval for eachP-T curve (Fig. 5). Editorial responsibility: W. Schreyer