伊通盆地梁家地区永二段油气成藏规律

伊通盆地梁家地区纵向上含油气层位多,油气藏复杂,长期以来制约着该地区的勘探开发进程。通过系统研究,分析储层地球化学特征,分析梁家地区永二段油气来源及运移途径,研究构造、储层、盖层和圈闭等成藏条件,探讨了油藏的成藏机制表明,梁家地区永二段油气分别来源于深部不同层位烃源岩,烃类流体类型由油源断层所沟通和烃源岩成熟度差异性决定。油气顺着油源断层进入到水下扇沉积的砂体,由于沉积相带的不同油气分布略有差异,为层状的构造—岩性油气藏。研究结果对完善水下扇油气藏成藏理论和指导油气下一步勘探开发具有指导意义。     

塔中地区油气成藏主控因素及成藏规律研究

塔中地区油气成藏复杂, 影响因素较多。通过对已钻井油气藏的分析, 认为该区影响油气成藏的控制因素有①烃源岩; ②运移通道(断层控制油气纵横向分布、运载层对油气的横向运移作用、不整合面对油气的横向运移控制); ③构造类型(圈闭类型、构造样式、成油期古隆起); ④构造演化; ⑤储层物性及展布; ⑥储盖组合; ⑦火成岩对油气藏的影响。成藏规律为①圈闭和油源断层是东河组成藏的必要条件; ②构造与储层控油、多期成藏、后期充注是志留系成藏的基本特征; ③储层发育程度是奥陶系成藏的关键; ④油气多期充注造成多层系含油、南北分异的成藏特点。该区油气成藏条件好, 勘探程度较高。尤其奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏以类型多、含油气井段长, 其形态受不规则孔、缝、洞储层的控制, 非均质性极强, 储层发育程度是奥陶系油气富集的主控因素。      

大港滩海地区石油地质特征及勘探潜力

大港滩海地区地处渤海湾盆地腹地,位于黄骅裂谷盆地东侧海岸线以东水深5 m线的地区,是古近纪以来发育形成的凹隆相间的复合构造区。该区自上而下发育4套生油层系,即东二段、沙一中段、沙二段、沙三段;储层发育,冲积扇、水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、重力流、湖泊碳酸盐岩在滩海区广泛分布;8个二级正向构造带呈近东西向和北东南西向分布在凹陷之间,具有形成大-中型油气藏的先决条件。通过对工区地层、储层、构造、生油、成藏等石油地质条件的分析,阐述了油藏的成藏条件及油气富集规律;通过对各区带的地质条件和勘探开发现状分析,指出其油气勘探开发潜力。认为滩海地区虽然地表地下条件复杂、对勘探开发技术要求高、勘探开发成本高、风险大,但滩海区油气资源量大,成藏条件好,目前勘探开发程度低,是大港油田今后增储上产的现实领域。     

准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带油气成藏差异性分析

准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带构造演化与成藏过程复杂。为深化对这种复杂性的认识,以给区域油气勘探和基础石油 地质研究提供参考信息,针对区域构造上存在东西分段、南北分带的特点,从不同角度详细分析了不同区段油气成藏的特 征及其差异,包括烃源、储层、圈闭、输导、保存、成藏模式和主控因素。结果表明,不同区段的油气藏分布层位和成藏 特征均不同,展示出油气成藏的差异性。其中,东段阜康断裂带主要是二叠系（包括侏罗系）的油气聚集于侏罗系储层中, 成藏主控因素是圈闭、保存条件和储层;中段山前冲断带主要是侏罗系和二叠系（包括白垩系）的油气聚集于古近系和白 垩系储层中,成藏主控因素是烃源岩、油源断裂和储层;西段四棵树凹陷地区主要是侏罗系（包括古近系）的油气聚集于 古近系-新近系和白垩系储层中,油气成藏主控因素是运移通道和储层条件。     

伊通盆地梁家构造带扇体预测及成藏条件分析

伊通盆地梁家构造带为富油区带,多口井获工业油气流,油气成藏主控因素为构造背景下的岩性油藏。由于梁家构造带源近流短,储层横向变化快,预测难度大。利用层序地层学原理建立等时格架,在此基础上开展层序约束扇体和砂体预测,预测出了扇体范围和砂体分布。结合构造特征及源储配置关系分析,进一步明确二号断层下降盘鼻状构造背景下的扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体为油气富集区带,为井位部署和储量升级提供借鉴。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系源上砂砾岩扇—断—压三控大面积成藏模式

准噶尔盆地玛湖富烃凹陷下三叠统百口泉组新近发现了我国首个源上大面积连续型砂砾岩油藏群,是对全球"连续型"油气藏研究的新补充,但其成藏机理和模式并不很清楚。为加强对其的理论认识,并为下步勘探提供参考,基于油气生、储、盖、圈、运、保等基础石油地质条件,并结合油气藏特征,进行了成藏条件与成藏模式的综合研究。结果表明,优质充足的下二叠统风城组碱湖油气来源、规模有效的扇三角洲前缘砂砾岩储层、多重组合的扇三角洲平原致密砾岩、泥岩和断裂封盖保存、沟通良好的高角度断裂输导体系、平缓连续的构造背景奠定了大面积连续成藏的地质基础。在此背景下,高成熟的风城组所生成油气,在切穿烃源灶和储层的高角度压扭性断裂沟通下,优先充注物性相对好的扇三角洲前缘水下河道砂岩和砂质细砾岩,并且在地层异常高压促进下,控制着油气富集程度,使得油气成藏表现为大型缓坡浅水扇三角洲沉积控制下的源上扇-断-压三控大面积"连续型"。百口泉组油气藏具有的油质轻且含气、微裂缝广泛发育,以及异常高压等,决定了砾岩储层虽总体低孔低渗,但依旧能够高产。在油源断裂沟通的斜坡区上倾方向,叠合地层异常高压以及扇三角洲前缘水下河道砂砾岩的区域是下步有利勘探方向。     

塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制

于奇地区是塔里木盆地塔河油区外围重要的油气勘探地区。研究结果表明:区内哈拉哈塘组油源主要来自阿克库勒凸起南部寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩,油源充足,具有一定的勘探潜力;原油总体具有油质较轻、含硫量较低但含蜡量较高的特点;天然气属于典型的伴生气;圈闭类型主要为低幅度的构造圈闭,油气分布主要受低幅度背斜和断层所控制;区内储层至少发生了3次油气注入成藏期,即侏罗纪—白垩纪、古近纪古新世晚期—始新世和古近纪渐新世早期—新近纪中新世;成藏机制可归结为油气多期充注和多期次生成藏,燕山期为圈闭的形成与油气藏初步建立阶段,喜山期为圈闭的定型与油气藏重建阶段,成藏模式为它源-双向排烃-多期次生成藏或古生新储-双向排烃-多期次生成藏。     

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷沙四上亚段油气成藏组合特征

通过油源对比及储层特征、盖层特征、油气藏特征研究,将孤北地区沙四上亚段划分为自源自生自储油气成藏组合和混源旁生侧储油气成藏组合,解释了孤北地区沙四上亚段存在的3类油气成藏模式:自源侧向运聚模式、自源垂向运聚模式、混源混向运聚模式。构造圈闭、不整合面和断层发育是成藏组合油气成藏的关键因素。在异常高压的作用下,油气沿断层、不整合面和骨架砂体共同组成油气二次运移的立体网络,使陡坡、低隆起、缓坡各构造岩相带都能够成为油气运移的有利指向。     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统沉积体系分布及油气成藏模式

准噶尔盆地车排子地区自排2井区发现春光油田后,未能取得更大的勘探突破,该区存在斜坡带薄层砂体识别困难以及油气成藏主控因素及成藏模式不清等问题。通过高精度层序地层学、地震沉积学和石油地质的综合研究,明确了研究区白垩系的沉积相类型,包括扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道和水下分流河道间微相以及滨浅湖坝砂、滩砂和湖泥微相。有利的储集砂体、阶梯式输导体系和保存封堵条件是车排子地区下白垩统油气藏的主控因素。由于保存条件的不同,工区不同层位、不同位置发育的油气藏,其油品具有显著的差异。进而建立了斜坡带下部、中部和上部3种不同的成藏模式,最终指出斜坡带下部的SQq _1-SQq_2是油气勘探的有利区带和有利层位。研究结果为下一步勘探指明了方向。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷东斜坡中二叠统扇三角洲储层特征与成因

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷东斜坡区中二叠统下乌尔禾组是区域油气勘探的重要领域,但勘探程度总体较低,成藏规律不明。以单井岩心、镜下薄片、扫描电镜等分析为基础,储层物性分析为辅,结合地震地球物理分析,对下乌尔禾组储层特征与成因进行分析。结果表明,研究区发育扇三角洲沉积体系,进一步可划分出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲平原-前缘过渡、扇三角洲前缘等亚相。由于近物源区具有多级坡折古地貌形态,沉积相平面展布具较窄的平原亚相及较宽的三角洲前缘亚相,构成了纵向上由SW向NE方向长轴缓坡到短轴陡坡扇三角洲的潜在油气富集区带。扇三角洲前缘是油气富集的主要有利相带,其水下分流河道微相和水下分流河道间湾微相控制了主要的优质储层,加之多种成岩作用的共同影响及优越的鼻状构造圈闭条件,形成多个潜在油气藏富集区,是下步勘探的重点目标。     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

截潜工程在计算山前侧向补给量中的应用

在计算山前侧向补给量的方法中,最常用的就是达西断面法,但达西断面法需要获取较多的参数,对于山前无钻孔或只有少量钻孔且水文地质研究程度较低的区域,很难采用达西断面法来计算得到山前侧向补给量。对于无法运用达西断面法但存在完整式截潜工程的山丘区,可以结合完整式截潜工程的截潜量利用水量均衡法计算山前侧向补给量。     

"青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究"计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2004年度各相关图幅的大力工作，在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料，综合研究区域构造．地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等，取得重要进展和新认识，在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

“青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究”计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2 0 0 4年度各相关图幅的大力工作,在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料,综合研究区域构造地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等,取得重要进展和新认识,在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

关中盆地大荔地区地下水氟水文地球化学规律

为了研究关中盆地大荔地区氟的水文地球化学规律,采集239个地下水样品及35个土壤样品,分析了水化学类型和水化学组分对氟的影响,结果表明在弱碱性环境下,重碳酸钠型是促进氟富集并增强围岩向地下水中转化的主要因素;硫酸钙镁型的地下水抑制氟富集。水化学组分中Na+、Cl-、HCO3-、pH与氟呈正相关,而Ca2+则抑制水溶液中氟含量增加;迁移系数与HCO3-、pH呈正相关关系,与其他主要离子呈负相关关系。利用Preeqic软件分析了饱和指数和Ca2+、F-的离子活度,得出萤石的平衡控制着氟和钙的水文地球化学行为,F-可能来源于萤石和方解石的分解。     

Determination of Emissions in the City by the Rate of Change in the Integral Content of Impurities in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Doklady Earth Sciences - A new approach to the problem of determining the density of emission fluxes of anthropogenic impurities from distributed urban sources by the rate of growth of the integral...     

Terrane tectonics in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone of mountainous river valleys in the cryolithozone

The significant role of the drainage area’s geological background in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone was revealed for the first time on the basis of long-term observations of streams of the Upper Kolyma River region during the autumn-winter low-water period, when the rivers are fed only by the groundwater recharge. The analysis of all the available data made it possible to define the characteristic periods in the autumn-winter low-water season. The waters of the seasonally thawed layer play the dominant role in the river’s recharge in September; the suprapermafrost water, in January; and the subgelisol water (nonfreezing water streams) during the 30-day-long period of the minimal flow. The quantitative parameters of the groundwater runoff corresponding to its module during this period reflect the water influx to the active water-exchange zone. It is established that the latter is minimal in the In’yali-Debin synclinorium, which consists of sedimentary rocks formed in deepwater trough environments. Their subsequent transformation proceeded under the action of subduction-accretionary and shear strains. The water availability in the active water-exchange in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium zone is substantially higher, although the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic sedimentary formations of this area were also deposited in deepwater trough settings, but their subsequent evolution was related to the uplift of the anticlinorium. The maximal watering is observed in the active water-exchange zone of the Omulevka terrane, which is composed of Paleozoic terrigenous-carbonate and carbonate formations. The differences in the hydrogeological regimes of the terranes may be significant with respect to their geoecology.