华北和圣弗朗西斯科克拉通前寒武纪地质对比

一些学者提出华北克拉通在新元古代早期之前与圣弗朗西斯科克拉通（圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通）相邻,但缺少证据;本文总结两个古陆地质记录,为评价这一古构造格局模型提供线索。两个古陆陆壳生长的峰期均为～2.7 Ga前;不同之处是,华北古陆经历了显著的～2.5 Ga前的陆壳生长和改造,而圣弗朗西斯科克拉通则似乎没有。华北古陆2.4～2.2 Ga期间发育少量变质火山-沉积岩系和花岗岩,～2.1 Ga前后广泛发育裂谷火山-沉积建造及侵入岩,2.0～1.9 Ga发育超高温变质作用和类似弧岩浆活动,导致两个克拉通（东、西华北克拉通）拼合形成统一的华北古陆;同一时期,圣弗朗西斯科克拉通南、北缘发育2.4～2.0 Ga岩浆作用,指示长期处于大陆边缘弧或者岛弧背景,～2.0 Ga还发育超高温变质作用。两个古陆都发育～2.0 Ga前类似大陆边缘弧特点的岩浆活动,只是圣弗朗西斯科克拉通时代稍早。1.8 Ga以来,两个古陆均发育多期岩墙群,部分基本同期,如～1.78 Ga岩墙群、～1.7 Ga岩墙群和～0.92 Ga岩墙群等;不同的是,华北古陆发育约1.3～1.2 Ga岩床/墙群,而圣弗朗西斯克拉通发育～1.5 Ga岩墙群。1.8～0.8 Ga,两个古陆上都断续发育（火山）-沉积建造：1.8～1.6 Ga以及1.4～1.2 Ga,两者的沉积建造同样以石英砂岩等碎屑岩为主,碳酸盐岩较少;1.2～1.0 Ga前,两者的记录均较少,或暂不能确定;1.0～0.8 Ga,两者均发育碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩;1.6～1.4 Ga,华北古陆发育碳酸盐岩建造,而圣弗朗西斯科克拉通则发育碎屑岩建造。华北古陆新元古界地层中碎屑锆石常显示～1.5 Ga的峰值,该期岩浆岩鲜少报道于华北古陆,但却见于圣弗朗西斯科克拉通。两个陆块都发育太古宙-古元古代条带状铁建造铁矿、古元古代石墨矿、中新元古代沉积-喷流型铅锌矿等。不过,华北古陆发育的古元古代硼矿、菱镁矿,中元古代碳酸岩型稀土矿等在圣弗朗西斯科不发育;而后者发育的绿岩带型相关金矿、镍矿、祖母绿宝石矿等,华北似乎不发育。另外,0.7～0.5 Ga,圣弗朗西斯科克拉通周边广泛发育泛非期造山带,而华北古陆并没有这一事件的明确记录;显生宙,圣弗朗西斯科克拉通相对稳定,中生代与刚果克拉通分离;但华北古陆内部经历强烈的构造-岩浆活动（峰期在中生代）。华北与圣弗朗西斯科克拉通前寒武纪是否相邻还需进一步地质对比和古地磁工作,尤其应关注约2.0～1.9 Ga岩浆-变质（造山）事件、约1.8～1.7 Ga岩浆-沉积（裂谷）事件以及约0.9 Ga岩浆-沉积（裂谷）事件。从地质记录的相似性角度来看,华北东南缘与圣弗朗西斯科南缘的地质记录相似性最大,可延续性最强,最可能相邻。     

胶北地体地壳演化：玲珑黑云母花岗岩继承锆石U-Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素证据

胶北地体晚侏罗世下地壳重熔的玲珑黑云母花岗岩大面积出露,其中残留有大量继承锆石,记录了多期热事件,为复杂的地壳演化过程提供了重要线索。论文通过分析玲珑黑云母花岗岩中继承锆石的U-Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素组成,探讨了胶北地体的地壳演化历史。结果显示胶北地体前寒武纪经历了~2.9Ga和~2.7Ga两期主要的地壳生长事件,~2.5Ga和2.2~1.8Ga两期地壳重熔改造事件,~2.5Ga和1.95~1.8Ga两期变质事件。~2.9Ga的岩浆作用形成于岛弧环境,~2.7Ga岩浆活动与下地壳基性物质的部分熔融有关,~2.5Ga发生的岩浆和变质事件与地幔柱底侵作用有关,并有同时期的表壳岩组合-胶东岩群形成。~2.1Ga地壳处于拉张状态,伴有与裂谷活动有关的双峰式岩浆作用,荆山群和粉子山群开始沉积,而后1.95~1.8Ga发生碰撞造山运动,胶北所有早前寒武纪岩石单元卷入此次事件,并发生变质作用。自此之后,直至二叠纪末,胶北处于岩浆活动的沉寂期,但于~1.7Ga和~1.0Ga发生沉积作用,形成芝罘群和蓬莱群。二叠纪末扬子板块向北俯冲于华北克拉通之下,并于三叠纪与华北克拉通发生陆陆碰撞作用,致使扬子板块北缘新元古代花岗岩发生超高压变质,形成苏鲁超高压变质带,之后超高压变质岩发生折返。玲珑黑云母花岗岩复杂的继承锆石组成可能表征了前寒武纪岩石卷入陆-陆碰撞事件而发生再循环作用。     

华北克拉通古元古代地质记录及其构造意义

华北克拉通上存在广泛的古元古代地质记录,尤其是构造岩石组合和同位素年龄资料,显示克拉通上可能存在多条古元古代的汇聚拼合带：如鄂尔多斯地块与华北东部-阴山地块之间的拼合造山带、华北东部地块与狼林地块之间的胶辽造山带以及华北克拉通北缘的安第斯型汇聚边界等。华北克拉通中部地区的古元古代锆百年龄数据统计,显示出2．3～24Ga、20～22Ga和18～1．95Ga三组年龄值,暗示华北克拉通古元古代可能存在两个演化阶段：其中古元古代末期（18～1．95Ga）的造山事件已得到了广泛认可,并认为-9全球Columbia超大陆汇聚事件相关;而2.3～2.4Ga、2.00～2.2Ga所代表的构造热事件的性质和意义尚不明确。我国古元古代末期有关陆块汇聚的构造热事件以及其后的裂解事件群和地层学记录,与新的国际前寒武纪地质年代表建议的古-中元古代界线一致,这将促进我国特别是古-中元古代的前寒武纪研究。     

华北克拉通中部在古元古代时是一个造山带吗？

文中报道了笔者对华北古元古代花岗岩研究的初步结果,指出在2.0Ga前,华北东西两块地壳厚度明显不同,大体以太原为界,东部地壳很薄,中部很厚,西部较厚;至1.9~1.8Ga,在华北北部可能存在一个地壳加厚的区域,大体是东西向(或NEE向)展布的;至1.8Ga以后,华北克拉通整体垮塌了。笔者分析了现有资料,认为华北晚太古代和古元古代期间存在洋壳的依据不足,华北中部带为一造山带和碰撞带的见解也是值得进一步商榷的。     

甘肃敦煌水峡口地区前寒武纪岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

敦煌杂岩位于塔里木克拉通的东部,探寻和研究其中的早前寒武纪地质体对于探讨敦煌地块早前寒武纪地壳的形成和演化及其构造归属等问题具有重要的意义.甘肃敦煌水峡口地区的敦煌杂岩主要由英云闪长质片麻岩、花岗闪长质片麻岩以及表壳岩石组成.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法测得水峡口英云闪长片麻岩和花岗片麻岩原岩的形成年龄分别为2561±16Ma和2510±22Ma,确证了在敦煌杂岩中存在太古宙岩石.此外,还获得斜长角闪岩的变质年龄为1806±14Ma,推测其原岩岩浆可能来自古老岩石圈地幔的部分熔融.根据已有的资料提出在古元古代晚期(1.80 ～ 1.85Ga)敦煌杂岩经历了一期较广泛的变质作用.锆石Hf同位素显示～2.5Ga的岩石年龄在敦煌地块代表新太古代晚期重要地壳生长时期,而～1.8Ga的构造-热事件则是以古老地壳物质循环再造为主.这些资料显示敦煌地块和华北克拉通在早前寒武纪经历了类似的地壳形成和演化过程,且共同记录了全球性的Columbia碰撞造山事件信息.     

扬子克拉通神农架群锆石和斜锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

出露于扬子北缘神农架地区的神农架群是扬子地区保留比较完整的中元古代地层,其上部被青白口系马槽园群不整合覆盖.本文报导了神农架群砂屑白云岩、凝灰岩及侵入神农架群中的基性岩墙锆石及斜锆石U-Pb年龄.测年表明,神农架群下部大岩坪组碎屑锆石在1.4Ga、1.8Ga、2.0Ga、2.7Ga出现统计峰值;神农架群野马河组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄为～1220Ma;侵入于石槽河组的基性岩墙斜锆石及锆石U-Pb年龄分别为1115Ma和1083Ma.根据新的测年结果,结合区域地质分析,我们得出以下几点主要结论:(1)可以将神农架群的沉积时代严格限定在1.4～1.1Ga之间,并推测神农架群碎屑物主体来自扬子克拉通古老基底,另有部分碎屑物质可能来自华夏地块或劳伦的前寒武纪基底;(2)神农架群和马槽园群之间的角度不整合面大致确定在1.1～1.0Ga之间,这一不整合面可能代表了扬子与华夏之间最早发生拼合的构造事件,是Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件的构造响应;(3)侵入于石槽河组的基性岩墙侵入时代为1115～1083Ma,这一期基性岩侵入事件在劳伦、非洲、澳大利亚以及南极洲都有记录.神农架地区的这一时期基性岩侵入事件是Rodinia超大陆汇聚过程中的产物还是和该时期全球性的超级地幔柱有关尚需要进一步研究;(4)神农架群沉积时代的确定,为建立我国1.4～1.1Ga期间的标准地层剖面提供了可能的候选剖面.(5)神农架群大岩坪组～1.45Ga碎屑锆石年龄峰为华夏地块在Columbia超大陆中位于劳伦和南极之间的观点提供了新依据.     

Late Permian–Triassic siliciclastic provenance,palaeogeography, and crustal growth of the Songpan terrane,eastern Tibetan Plateau: evidence from U–Pb ages,trace elements,and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons

In order to constrain the detrital provenance of the siliciclastic rocks, palaeogeographic variations, and crustal growth history of central China, we carried out simultaneously in situ U–Pb dating and trace element and Hf isotope analyses on 368 detrital zircons obtained from upper Permian–Triassic sandstones of the Songpan terrane, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Two groups of detrital zircons, i.e. magmatic and metamorphic in origin, have been identified based on cathodoluminescence images, zircon Ti-temperatures, and Th/U ratios. Our data suggest that the derivation of siliciclastic rocks in the Songpan terrane was mainly from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens, whereas the Yangtze and North China Cratons served as minor source areas during late Permian–Triassic times. The detrital zircons from Middle–Late Triassic siliciclastic rocks exhibit wide age spectra with two dominant populations of 230–600 Ma and >1600 Ma, peaking at ~1.8–1.9 Ga and ~2.4–2.5 Ga, suggestive of a derivation from the Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens and the Yangtze Craton being the minor source area. The proportions of detrital zircon populations from the northern Qinling, Qilian, and Kunlun orogens distinctly decreased during Middle–Late Triassic time, demonstrating that the initial uplift of the western Qinling occurred then and it could have blocked most of the detritus from the Qilian–northern Qinling orogens and North China Cratons into the main Songpan–Ganzi depositional basin. The relatively detrital zircon proportions of the Yangtze Craton source decreased during Early-Middle Late Triassic time, indicating that the Longmenshan orogen was probably being elevated, since the early Late Triassic and gradually formed a barrier between the Yangtze Craton and the Songpan terrane. In addition, our Lu–Hf isotopic results also reveal that the Phanerozoic magmatic rocks in central China had been the primary products of crustal reworking with insignificant formation of a juvenile crust.     

敦煌复合造山带前寒武纪地质体的组成和演化

敦煌复合造山带位于塔里木克拉通东端,是连接塔里木克拉通和华北克拉通的重要纽带。近年来,敦煌基础地质研究取得了重大进展。本文简要回顾了敦煌基础地质研究历史和现状,系统归纳了区内前寒武纪地质单元时空分布特征及前寒武纪构造-热事件序列,初步讨论了前寒武纪大陆地壳形成和演化规律、前寒武纪结晶基底亲缘性及构造演化过程,提出:(1)敦煌造山带前寒武纪结晶基底形成于ca.3.1~1.6Ga,构造-热事件主要划分为新太古代(ca.2.7~2.6Ga和2.6~2.5Ga)、古元古代晚期(ca.2.0~1.8Ga)和中元古代早期(1.8~1.6Ga)三个阶段;(2)新太古代早期(ca.2.7~2.6Ga)和新太古代晚期(2.6~2.5Ga)是敦煌造山带大陆地壳形成的主要阶段;古元古代晚期(ca.2.0~1.8Ga)和中元古代早期(1.8~1.6Ga)主要是古老大陆地壳物质再循环阶段,也有少量新生陆壳物质的形成;(3)敦煌造山带前寒武纪结晶基底最初拼合事件可能发生在新太古代末期(~2.5Ga),之后经历了古元古代晚期(ca.2.0~1.8Ga)汇聚、碰撞造山过程,直到中元古代早期(1.8~1.6Ga),造山活动结束,前寒武纪结晶基底最终固结,进入稳定发展阶段;(4)前寒武纪结晶基底最终稳定固结之后,即～1.6Ga之后,敦煌前寒武纪结晶基底可能进入长达12亿年的静寂期,一直处于稳定状态,目前没有发现相关的岩浆-变质-沉积记录(类似于地盾状态),直至古生代志留纪开始活化(～440Ma),卷入古亚洲洋南缘俯冲、碰撞造山过程并被强烈改造。     

Contrasted tectonic styles for the Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton. Evidence for a 2.1 Ga thermal and tectonic event in the Fuping Massif

Structural analysis along with ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar and U–Pb datings in the Fuping massif provide new insight into the evolution of the eastern part of the Trans-North China Belt (North China Craton), from 2.7 Ga to 1.8 Ga. D1 is responsible for the development of a dome-and-basin structure coeval with crustal melting giving rise to migmatite and Nanying gneissic granites at 2.1 Ga. This dome-and-basin architecture resulted from the interference between a N–S compression of a weak ductile crust and gravity-driven vertical flow, in a high thermal regime. The next events involved flat lying ductile thrusting (D2) and normal faulting (D3) dated at around 1880 Ma and 1830 Ma, respectively. The D2 and D3 events belong to the Trans-North China Orogeny that results in the final amalgamation of the North China Craton. The D1 deformation is considered as evidence for an earlier orogen developed around 2.1 Ga prior to the Trans-North China Orogeny. The change in the deformation style between the 2.1 Ga and 1.8 Ga could be viewed as a consequence of the cooling of the continental crust in the North China Craton.     

1.8–1.5-Ga links between the North and South Australian Cratons and the Early–Middle Proterozoic configuration of Australia

The Archaean and Early–Middle Proterozoic (1.8–1.5 Ga) terranes of the North Australian Craton and the South Australian Craton are separated by 400 km of ca. 1.33–1.10-Ga orogenic belts and Phanerozoic sediments. However, there is a diverse range of geological phenomena that correlate between the component terranes of the two cratons and provide evidence for a shared tectonic evolution between approximately 1.8 and 1.5 Ga. In order to honour these correlations, we propose a reconstruction in which the South Australian Craton is rotated 52° counterclockwise about a pole located at 136°E and 25°S (present-day coordinates), relative to its current position. This reconstruction aligns the ca. 1.8–1.6-Ga orogenic belts preserved in the Arunta Inlier and the Gawler Craton and the ca. 1.6–1.5-Ga orogenic belts preserved in the Mount Isa Block and the Curnamona Province. Before 1.5 Ga, the South Australian Craton was not a separate entity but part of a greater proto-Australian continent which was characterised by accretion along a southward-migrating convergent margin (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) followed by convergence along the eastern margin (ca. 1.6–1.5 Ga). After 1.5 Ga, the South Australian Craton broke away from the North Australian Craton only to be reattached in its current position during the ca. 1.33–1.10 Ga-Albany–Fraser and Musgrave orogenies.     

Episodic crustal growth of North China as revealed by U-Pb age and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from modern rivers

Clastic sedimentary rocks are samples of the exposed continental crust. In order to characterize the crustal growth history of North China and its possible regional variations, 479 concordant detrital zircons in three sand samples from the lower reach of the Yellow River (which drains the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, the Western Qinling Orogen, the Qilian Orogen and the North China Craton) and two sand samples from the Luan River and the Yongding River (which run entirely within the North China Craton) were measured for U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions by excimer laser-ablation ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS. Although regional variations exist, concordant detrital zircons from the Yellow River reveal three major age groups of 2.1-2.5 Ga, 1.6-2.0 Ga, and 150-500 Ma. Detrital zircons from the smaller Luan and Yongding Rivers show three broadly similar major age groups at 2.3-2.6 Ga, 1.6-2.0 Ga, and 140-350 Ma, but with narrower age ranges. Compared to the Luan and Yongding River zircons, the Yellow River zircons are characterized by a significant number of Neoproterozoic grains. Although Hf isotopic compositions show both juvenile crustal growth and crustal reworking for all age groups, much of the crustal growth of North China occurred in the Neoarchean and Mesoproterozoic. All three rivers are characterized by a common prominent group of Hf crust formation model ages at 2.4-2.9 Ga with a peak at 2.7-2.8 Ga. A less significant age group lies between 1.4 and 1.8 Ga for the Yellow River, and between 1.6 and 1.9 Ga for the Yongding River and Luan River. Crustal growth rates based on Hf continental crust formation model ages suggest 45% and 90% of the present crustal volume was formed by 2.5 Ga and 1.0 Ga, respectively, for the drainage area of the Yellow River. In comparison, 60% and 98% of the present crustal volume of the North China Craton was generated by 2.5 Ga and 1.0 Ga, respectively, for the Luan and Yongding Rivers. The 2.7-2.8 Ga age peak observed in all river samples agrees well with the coeval major peak for global crustal growth. However, the other suggested global peaks of crustal growth at 3.4 and 3.8 Ga are insignificant in North China. Taken together with our previous studies of the Yangtze Craton, which show insignificant crustal growth at 2.7-2.8 Ga, we suggest that these advocated worldwide crust formation peaks be re-examined and treated carefully. Our results also show that Phanerozoic zircons may have been derived from crustal sources separated from the mantle up to 2.0 Ga ago before the zircons crystallized, suggesting long-term preservation, reworking and recycling of the continental crust.     

豫西小秦岭地区晚古元古代地壳深熔作用及构造意义:岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学证据

太华群出露于华北中部造山带南段,是研究华北克拉通南缘演化的关键地区,对其研究不仅有助于深入了解华北克拉通古、中元古代构造演化特征,对于华北克拉通东西陆块碰撞时间的厘定也具有重要意义.通过对豫西小秦岭地区太华群深熔作用形成的3类混合岩开展岩相学研究,发现深熔作用对岩石的改造是不均匀的,明显受到了原岩的物质成分、岩石的结构构等性质的制约.通过对岩浆锆石及深熔锆石进行LA-ICP-MS定年,确定小秦岭地区太华群混合岩原岩年龄为早古元古代,深熔作用发生时间约为1.8 Ga.研究区混合岩形成于华北克拉通东、西陆块碰撞后的伸展阶段,与区域同时期形成的大量基性岩墙群及A型花岗岩共同记录了华北克拉通在1.8 Ga前后发生的大规模伸展拉张事件.      

华北克拉通北缘裂谷渣尔泰群LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

华北克拉通自1.85Ga形成之后,经历了广泛的拉伸,形成了一系列中-新元古代裂谷。其中北缘裂谷由渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群及化德群组成,发育了一系列大型-超大型多金属矿床。该裂谷系形成演化的研究对认识华北克拉通中-新元古代演化及区域找矿具有重要意义。但是对于该裂谷系中渣尔泰群的时代,一直存在争议。早期认为渣尔泰群属于中元古代,主要分布于狼山地区和渣尔泰山地区。但最新的研究已将狼山地区的渣尔泰群限定为新元古代,更名为狼山群,并据此确定华北克拉通北缘存在新元古代裂谷。因此,必须对渣尔泰山地区渣尔泰群的时代进行重新限定。在此基础上可综合分析华北克拉通北缘裂谷的形成与演化。系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,渣尔泰山地区渣尔泰群碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要为1.8~1.9Ga和2.5Ga。与北缘裂谷长城系,包括白云鄂博群下部及化德群下部的碎屑锆石年龄组成特征一致。而蓟县系、待建系及青白口系存在1.1~1.35Ga、1.5~1.6Ga等较年轻的碎屑锆石年龄峰值,如白云鄂博群上部、新元古代狼山群及化德群上部。因此,渣尔泰山地区渣尔泰群整体可与长城系对比。碎屑锆石年龄组成特征表明,渣尔泰群物质主要来自华北克拉通内部的太古宙-古元古代结晶基底。综合前人对白云鄂博群、化德群及狼山群地层年龄及岩浆岩的研究成果,可确定北缘裂谷是中-新元古代多期裂解事件形成的复杂裂谷。     

南秦岭东江口、柞水和梨园堂花岗岩类锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学与锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成

东江口、柞水和梨园堂岩体位于商丹断裂南侧。锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学分析表明,东江口花岗闪长岩、柞水花岗岩、梨园堂石英二长岩和梨园堂花岗岩等4个样品的岩浆结晶年龄分别为246.8±2.5Ma(早三叠纪),233.6±1.3Ma(中三叠纪),956.1±4.5Ma(新元古代),203.6±2.2Ma(晚三叠纪)。锆石的Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,锆石的两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)分别为1.4~1.6Ga、1.0~1.3Ga、1.0~1.3Ga和1.0~1.3Ga。勉略洋闭合(约250Ma)之后,扬子板块和华北板块发生碰撞,导致扬子陆块俯冲至南秦岭地块之下并发生小规模的部分熔融形成早-中三叠纪(246.8~233.6Ma)花岗岩类。碰撞结束(约220Ma)后,扬子陆块板片断离诱发软流圈物质上涌,同时俯冲的扬子陆壳开始折返,在地幔热和构造减压的条件下,俯冲陆壳及上覆岩石圈地幔发生广泛的部分熔融,形成不同程度具埃达克质地球化学特征的晚三叠纪(199.0~224.8Ma)花岗岩类及伴生的镁铁质包体。     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes from the metamorphic basement in the Wuhe Complex:Implications for Neoarchean active continental margin along the southeastern North China Craton and constraints on the petrogenesis of Mesozoic g

We report zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data from mafic granulites and garnet amphibolites of the Wuhe Complex in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC).In combination with previous data,our results demonstrate that these rocks represent fragments of the ancient lower crust,and have features similar to those of the granulite basement in the northern margin of the NCC.A detailed evaluation of the Pb isotope data shows that Pb isotopes cannot effectively distinguish the role of the Yangtze Craton basement from that of the NCC basement with regard to the source and generation of magmas,at least for southeastern NCC.The age data suggest that the protoliths of the granulites or amphibolites in the Wuhe Complex were most likely generated in Neoarchean and that these rocks were subjected to Paleoproterozoic(1.8-1.9 Ga) high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism. This study also shows that the Precambrian metamorphic basement in the southeastern margin of the NCC might have formed in a tectonic setting characterized by a late Neoarchean active continental margin.     

Discovery of rhyolitic tuffaceous slate in the southwestern margin of Yangtze Craton: Zircon U-Pb ages (2491 Ma) and tectonic-thermal events

The Mesoproterozoic Dongchuan Group that is widely exposed in Yimen area, central Yunnan Province is a series of sedimentary sort of low-grade metamorphic rocks interbedded with volcanic rocks, which are closely related to the early tectonic evolution of the Earth. However, its formation era, sedimentary filling sequence, and geotectonic characteristics have always been in dispute. In this study, several rhyolitic tuffaceous slate interlayers with a centimeter-level thickness were found in the previously determined Heishan Formation of the Dongchuan Group located to the western part of Yimen-Luoci fault zone. This paper focuses on the study of the rhyolitic tuffaceous slate in Qifulangqing Village, Tongchang Township, Yimen County. LA-ICP-MS zircon dating was conducted, achieving the crystallization age of magma of 2491 ± 15 Ma and the metamorphic ages of about 2.3 Ga, 2.0 Ga, and 1.8 Ga for the first time. Meanwhile, according to in-situ Hf isotope analysis, the zircon ε_Hf(t) values were determined to range from −3.0 to 7.6, with an average of 2.7. Furthermore, the first-stage Hf model age (T_DM1) was determined to be 2513−2916 Ma, indicating that the provenance of the rhyolitic tuffaceous slate is the depleted mantle or juvenile crust between the Middle Mesoarchean and the Late Neoarchean. Therefore, it is believed that the strata of the slate were deposited in the Late Neoarchean, instead of the Mesoproterozoic as determined by previous researchers. Accordingly, it is not appropriate to group the strata into the Mesoproterozoic Dongchuan Group. Instead, they should be classified as the Maolu Formation of the Neoarchean Puduhe Group given the lithologic association and regional information. Furthermore, the magma ages of 2491 ± 15 Ma are highly consistent with the eras of the large-scale Late Neoarchean orogenic magmatic activities on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, and thus reflect the orogenic process consisting of subduction and collision from Late Neoarchean to Early Paleoproterozoic. The magmatic activities during this period were possibly caused by the convergence of the supercontinent Kenorland. Meanwhile, the metamorphic ages of 2.3 Ga, 2.0 Ga, and 1.8 Ga are highly consistent with three metamorphic ages of 2.36 Ga, 1.95 Ga, and 1.85 Ga of the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, indicating that the strata experienced Paleoproterozoic tectonic-thermal events. The study area is located on the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and thus was possibly re-transformed by magmatism subjected to the subduction of the Meso-Tethys Ocean during the Early Cretaceous. The discoveries made in this study will provide strong petrological and chronological evidence for analyzing the early crustal evolution of the Yangtze block.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

华北东部大陆地幔橄榄岩组成、年龄与岩石圈减薄

对比分析了华北东部地块陆下岩石圈地幔橄榄石Mg#值和单斜辉石的REE配分形式。报道了汉诺坝和鹤壁橄榄岩中不同产状硫化物的激光MC-ICPMS原位Re-Os年龄和信阳橄榄岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄和信阳橄榄岩锆石的U-Pb年龄。在这些资料基础上,进一步讨论了华北东部岩石圈中、新生代时的减薄机制。原位分析在揭示岩石圈深部过程的细节上,有比全岩分析更大的优越性,并揭示出了在华北深部有中元古代(14亿年)和新元古代(7～8亿年)热活动的记录。岩石圈拆沉作用不能很好地解释古老难熔地幔、过渡型地幔和新生饱满地幔并存的事实;同时,单纯的熔体-橄榄岩相互作用也难以解释中、新生代岩石圈的减薄过程和新生地幔单斜辉石中出现强烈LREE亏损现象,即历史复杂的克拉通岩石圈向历史明显简单的“大洋型”地幔的转换。因此,华北东部岩石圈减薄包括地幔伸展、熔-岩作用、侵蚀置换等复杂过程。这些过程可能包括:(1)早中生代时,扬子地块向北俯冲碰撞所引起华北岩石圈的熔/流体交代富集作用、地幔伸展和受扰动软流圈物质上涌并侵蚀被改造了的岩石圈;(2)晚中生代—古近纪,因太平洋俯冲的热扰动致使软流圈物质进一步的强烈侵蚀作用引起岩石圈的巨大减薄;(3)晚第三纪以来的软流圈热沉降作用所带来的小幅度岩石圈增厚过程。岩石圈先大幅减薄、后小幅增厚实现了最终的地幔置换和岩石圈整体的减薄过程。喷发时代为100Ma的阜新玄武岩所捕获的橄榄岩主体是饱满的,说明华北东部部分地区在此之前曾有过地幔置换作用。     

河南卢氏八宝山花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征

河南省卢氏县八宝山岩体位于华北克拉通南缘东秦岭西段,岩体呈筒状,可能为古火山机构岩颈相的超浅成侵入体,成矿组合上为独特的以铁为主的多金属矿化。八宝山岩体边缘相为钾长花岗斑岩、中心相为黑云母二长花岗斑岩。二者的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄非常一致,分别为146.6±1.6Ma和145.9±1.9Ma,说明他们可能是同期岩浆侵入作用分异的产物。钾长花岗斑岩和黑云母二长花岗斑岩锆石Hf同位素组成特征也非常相似,εHf(t)值分别为-27.55～-20.71和-27.30～-21.90,tDM2值分别为1.80～2.93Ga和2.03～2.92Ga,表明该岩体的源区物质以壳源物质为主。综合分析表明,八宝山岩体可能是扬子俯冲陆壳部分熔融的作物,并可能混入少量的太华群和熊耳群的物质,其形成的地球动力学背景可能为俯冲碰撞后的伸展环境。     

中国最老岩石和锆石

在中国大陆的许多地区都已发现大于3.4Ga的锆石和岩石.鞍山是全球仅有几个存在≥3.8Ga岩石的地区之一.它们以不大的规模存在于白家坟、东山、深沟寺杂岩中,由糜棱岩化奥长花岗岩、条带状奥长花岗岩和变质石英闪长岩组成.近年来,在鞍山地区还发现了许多3.7～3.6Ga岩石和锆石.锆石Hf同位素组成表明鞍山地区在3.8～3.6Ga期间存在周期性的地幔添加和陆壳形成.除鞍山外,在中国许多地区的不同类型岩石中也获得了≥3.4Ga锆石,虽然它们大多数都是碎屑和残余成因.(1)华北克拉通冀东铬云母石英岩中3.85～3.55Ga碎屑锆石:(2)华北克拉通信阳中生代火山岩长英质麻粒岩中3.66Ga岩浆锆石;(3)华南克拉通宜昌地区杨子地块新元古代砂岩中3.80Ga碎屑锆石(一颗);(4)华南克拉通华夏地块新元古代一古生代变质沉积岩中3.76～3.6Ga碎屑锆石;(5)西北地区塔里木地块阿克塔什塔格地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩中3.6Ga残余锆石;(6)西秦岭奥陶纪变质火山岩中4.08Ga捕掳锆石(一颗);(7)西藏普兰地区奥陶纪石英岩中4.1Ga碎屑锆石(一颗,有3.61Ga增生边).一些古老锆石有高达4.1～4.0Ga的Hf同位素模式年龄.在中国,>3.4Ga地壳物质的比例以往被低估了,发现冥古宙和始太古代物质的可能性仍然存在,它们将对中国早期陆壳演化提供新的制约.     

华北克拉通破坏前的状态——对讨论华北克拉通破坏问题的一个建议

中生代华北克拉通破坏是目前引人关注的研究课题。鉴于目前一些文章在表达克拉通状态时引用的地质图件不准确,忽略了华北克拉通从古至今的不同阶段的演化,不能正确的表达克拉通在破坏之前或之后的状态,本文强调华北克拉通破坏前的状态是研究的重要基础。华北克拉通是经历过多期克拉通化形成的。