李伍式铜锌矿床矿源层及变质改造成矿作用

李伍式铜锌矿是四川西部一个重要的含锌富铜矿床类型。位于九龙江浪穹隆状变质核杂岩中心地区,含矿地层为中元古界李伍岩群—火山沉积岩建造,形成于中晚元古代扬子陆台边缘裂离带一分支裂谷带内。变质改造成矿是伴随印支—燕山期区域造山运动在穹隆成穹过程中李伍岩群经受挤压与伸展构造作用而变形变质,其中所含火山热液沉积的原始矿源层在变质改造作用下重新富集成矿,属海底火山热液—变质改造型矿床。     

试论李伍铜矿床成因

李伍铜矿床是一个富铜矿床,在成因上长期存在争论。本文以野外观察资料为基础,着重从含矿建造、矿床地质特征、矿石微量元素、硫同位素地球化学和成矿物质来源等,较系统地论证了李伍铜矿床的成因及其形成机制,提出了该矿床是在海底火山喷流─同生沉积形成“胚胎矿”或“贫矿层”的基础上,经区域变质作用改造,富集生成。区域变质晚期阶段的构造动热变质作用对矿质再它集起了极积作用。矿床的成矿金属物质主要来自火山喷发活动,硫主要来自海水硫酸盐所含的重硫与火山硫的混合源。故此类矿床应称为“火山喷流沉积-变质改造矿床”。     

四川底苏、大梁子铅锌矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质来源探讨

本文通过底苏和大梁子铅锌矿床硫铅及氢氧同位素研究,认为同生沉积成岩成矿阶段矿石硫来源于赋矿围岩或同生沉积成岩成矿阶段矿层.矿石铅主要来源于矿区地层.改造热液中的水主要来自大气降水,成矿热液属大气降水含矿热液.     

锡铁山SEDEX型铅锌矿床成矿物质来源综述

锡铁山矿床是我国大型铅锌矿床之一,Zn Pb金属量超过2000X10(4)t,矿石品位在10%～25%之间.为全面了解矿床成矿流体和成矿金属元素的来源,笔者在野外调研的基础上,系统研究了该矿床不同类型矿体中铅、硫、碳、氧、氩、锶等同位素组成特征.铅同位素组成特征显示矿床中的原始铅主要来源于地壳深部或上地幔,在造山带期受到改造;矿石中方铅矿δ(34)S为0.19‰～3.89‰,反映出含矿热液具深源流体的特征;(87)Sr/(86)Sr集中在0.70875～0.72240之间,表明成矿物质来源应以壳源为主,有部分幔源物质的混入.从而判定锡铁山铅锌矿床成矿物质可能最初来源于晚奥陶世地层,晚泥盆世至晚石炭世(317Ma)受到第一次变质改造;200～279Ma是主要的变质改造成矿期.     

四川省九龙县中咀铜矿构造与成矿关系研究

江浪穹隆是扬子地台西缘变质核杂岩带中比较典型的一个变质核杂岩体,具有良好的成矿物理化学条件,以存在一
系列铜硫化物矿床而著称。中咀铜矿的成矿作用表现出多期次、多成因的特点,其成矿与江浪变质核杂岩的形成和演化有
着密切的成因联系。本文应用构造解析方法, 对江浪穹隆北部的中咀铜矿进行了构造解析和成矿规律研究。通过野外构造
解析,结合相关同位素测年资料,初步确定中咀铜矿含矿岩系经历至少6 个世代的构造变形,并认为矿体主要受华力西期
顺层韧性剪切带和燕山期成穹过程中形成的重力滑脱带控制,本文从矿源、热源、成矿元素活化、增生富集和成矿空间等
方面探讨了其成矿过程和矿床成因,建立了中咀铜矿的成矿模式,对在江浪变质穹窿周缘寻找同类型矿体指出了明确的层
位和构造部位,指明了下一步重点找矿方向。     

四川九龙黑牛洞铜锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜锌矿床为一个产于前震旦系江浪变质核杂岩中的富铜矿床,受穹隆内发育的环状滑脱构造系统控制。通过对矿床地质特征、成矿物质来源、氢氧同位素等方面的研究,认为矿床的成矿物质主要来自于深部,成矿热液是大气降水和变质水组成的混合流体。矿床的成矿时代为燕山期,矿床的形成与区域构造-岩浆热事件相对应。黑牛洞矿床为中高温变质热液矿床。     

藏南扎西康锑硫盐多金属矿床成矿物质来源分析:兼论北喜马拉雅成矿带主要矿床矿质来源的差异性

扎西康矿床是北喜马拉雅Sb-Au成矿带上一个较为特殊的大型-超大型锑硫盐多金属矿床,赋存于下侏罗统日当组。矿床容矿围岩以黑色含炭钙质板岩为主体,矿体严格受近南北向和北东向两组断裂控制,呈脉状、透镜状产出。矿石中金属矿物除闪锌矿、方铅矿、辉锑矿等常见硫化物之外,还大量发育硫锑铅矿、脆硫锑铅矿、黝铜矿、车轮矿等硫盐矿物;非金属矿物主要为菱锰矿、菱铁矿、石英和方解石,矿床的形成经历了中低温热液期和表生期。元素地球化学和硫、铅同位素研究表明,矿床中矿石和矿化岩石除富集Sb、Pb、Zn、Ag等主成矿元素外,还富含MnO、Cu、As、Cd、Au等矿化元素;容矿地层中Sb、As、Ag、Pb、Zn、Mn等成矿元素也较为富集,具备提供成矿物质的能力;矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成与容矿地层接近,指示成矿流体在运移过程中萃取了容矿地层中的Sb、As、Ag和S等组分,日当组为硫的主要提供者;铅同位素具变质结晶岩系特征,指示变质结晶岩系及与之有亲缘关系的淡色花岗岩为成矿提供了Pb、Zn等金属组分。北喜马拉雅成矿带主要典型矿床在矿质来源上存在着明显的差异,成矿带中部和北部的Sb和Sb-Au矿床的成矿物质主要来自于容矿地层和矿区岩浆岩(包括中生代中基性岩和新生代闪长岩),而在成矿带南部的Sb(-Au)-Pb-Zn矿床中,除容矿地层和矿区岩浆岩提供Sb、As、S之外,变质结晶岩系(拉轨岗日岩群)及与之有亲缘关系的淡色花岗岩也为成矿提供了Pb、Zn等金属组分。     

桦树沟铜矿床地质特征及成因分析

桦树沟铜矿是镜铁山矿区与铁矿共生的铁铜矿床,其产出受后期韧性剪切带和层间滑动带共同控制.主要矿石类型有含铁碧玉岩型和蚀变千枚岩型.矿石及含矿岩系的稀土元素、稳定同位素等地球化学研究表明,铜矿床形成于近陆地边缘的海底裂谷环境,成矿物质来自基性火山岩,硫、碳主要来自海水.矿床成因属与海相火山作用有关的沉积变质热液叠加改造矿床.     

西藏驱龙斑岩铜矿S、Pb同位素组成:对含矿斑岩与成矿物质来源的指示

驱龙铜矿是西藏陆陆碰撞造山带冈底斯斑岩铜矿带内代表性矿床之一。本文对其含矿斑岩和矿石矿物进行了S、Pb同位素组成分析。驱龙矿床含矿斑岩与矿石矿物的硫同位素组成比较一致,含矿斑岩δ34S为-2.1‰~-1.1‰,黄铜矿δ34S为-6.3‰~-1.0‰,均值-2.76‰;硬石膏δ34S为 12.5‰~ 14.4‰,平均 13.4‰。成矿热液中的硫同位素基本达到了平衡,显示出岩浆硫组成特点。含矿斑岩的206Pb/204Pb范围为18.5104~18.6083,207Pb/204Pb变化于15.5946~15.7329之间,208Pb/204Pb为38.6821~39.1531之间;矿石矿物黄铜矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb分别为18.4426~18.5909、15.5762~15.6145、38.5569~38.8568。含矿斑岩与矿石矿物的铅同位素组成比较一致,它们的变化幅度较小,应具有相同的起源与演化历史。无论是岩石铅还是矿石铅,在铅构造模式图上均位于造山带铅演化曲线上。驱龙矿床硫、铅同位素数据暗示,成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆,含矿斑岩起源于西藏造山带加厚的下地壳熔融,具有幔源成分的混染。     

四川底苏,大梁子铅锌矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质来源探讨

本文通过底苏和大梁子铅锌矿床硫铅及氢氧同位素，认为同生沉积成岩成矿阶段矿石硫来源于赋矿围岩或同生沉积成岩成矿阶段矿层，矿石铅主要来源于矿区地层，改造热液中的水主要来自大气降水，成矿热液属大气降水含热液。     

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿铅同位素研究

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床是大兴安岭地区储量最大的铅锌矿床,矿体主要沿花岗闪长（斑）岩与大理岩接触带产出。为了查明成矿物质来源,对矿石中的硫化物和矿区内及外围主要侵入岩开展了铅同位素示踪分析。测试结果表明：矿石中硫化物的N（206Pb）/N（204Pb）为18.266～18.372,平均值18.296,N（207Pb）/N（204Pb）为15.501～15.579,平均值15.536,N（208Pb）/N（204Pb）为38.016～38.339,平均值38.138。铅同位素年龄校正计算结果表明：矿石中硫化物的Pb同位素比值与大理岩和花岗闪长（斑）岩非常相似,表明矿石中的铅主要来自花岗闪长（斑）岩和大理岩,说明成矿物质也主要来自这两类岩石,进一步证明了白音诺尔铅锌矿床的成矿与花岗闪长（斑）岩和大理岩有关,属于矽卡岩型矿床,与喷流沉积型和火山岩块状硫化物矿床有明显的差别。与区域上其他银多金属矿床对比发现,本区银多金属矿床的Pb同位素组成非常相似,其组成范围多有重叠,暗示这些矿床的矿石铅来源也非常相似,可能表明有一个共同的富银的基底或地层为这些银多金属矿床的形成提供了成矿物质来源。     

深穿透地球化学异常源同位素识别研究:以新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床为例

通过研究两个已知隐伏矿床(新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床)不同介质(地气、细粒级土壤、围岩、矿石)中的铅、硫同位素特征,探讨铅、硫同位素对地气、土壤中异常物质来源的示踪,得到以下结论:(1)两矿床的介质从地气、矿石、围岩到土壤,铅同位素比值(208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、206Pb/204Pb)一般依次增加;土壤异常区相对土壤背景区,δ34S偏高。但对两个矿床背景区、异常区地气中的铅同位素组成、土壤中的铅、硫同位素组成进行方差分析后发现,数据均没有明显的差异,从统计学的角度初步证明研究区不适宜用铅、硫同位素示踪地气、土壤中异常物质的来源。(2)两个矿床的矿石、围岩中铅同位素组成均有明显差异,即围岩中明显有放射成因铅的积累。但这种差异没有显著地反映到背景区、异常区的地气中,原因有待进一步查证。仅从捕获剂的角度初步探讨了其原因。用土壤全量中铅、硫同位素组成特征来示踪土壤异常源,并没有成功,建议采用偏提取的方法测量其中活动态中的铅、硫同位素组成,在深穿透地球化学研究中更合理。     

兰坪——思茅盆地砂页岩中铜矿床成矿物质来源研究

兰坪－思茅中,新生代盆地砂页岩中铜矿床的微量元素特征,稀土配分型式以及硫、铅、碳、氧、氢、硅等同位素等表明,成矿金属物质、硫和碳、既有来自赋矿岩石（包括火山岩）,又有来自基底岩石,同时还有深部物质的参与。成矿溶液主要来自大气降水、矿化和蚀变作用是在水／岩比值较低的体系中进行的。     

Sulfur, lead and helium isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district in South China: implication for ore genesis

Summary The Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district is one of the largest tin producing districts in China. Its origin has long been in dispute between magmatic-hydrothermal replacement and submarine exhalative-hydrothermal origin. The Dachang ore district comprises several types of ore deposits, including the Lamo magmatogenic skarn deposit near a granite intrusion, the Changpo-Tongkeng bedded and vein-type sulfide deposit, and the Gaofeng massive sulfide deposit. Sulfide minerals from the Lamo skarn ores show δ³⁴S values in the range between −3 and +4‰ with a mean close to zero, suggesting a major magmatic sulfur source that likely was the intrusive Longxianggai granite. Sulfide minerals from the Gaofeng massive ores show higher δ³⁴S values between +5 and +12‰, whereas sulfide minerals from the Changpo-Tongkeng bedded ores display lighter δ³⁴S values between −7 and −0.2‰. The difference in the sulfur isotope ranges in the two deposits can be interpreted by different degrees of inorganic thermochemcial reduction of marine sulfate using a one-step batch separation fractionation model. Sulfur isotopic compositions from the vein-type ores at Changpo-Tongkeng vary widely from −8 to +4‰, but most of the data cluster around −2.9‰, which is close to that of bedded ores (−3.6‰). The sulfur in vein-type ores might be derived from bedded ores or it represents a mixture of magmatic- and sedimentary-derived sulfur. Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals in the Dachang ore district reveal a difference between massive and bedded ores, with the massive ores displaying more radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. Correlations of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb or ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb for the massive and bedded ores are interpreted as two-component mixing of Pb leached from sedimentary host rocks and from deep-seated Precambrian basement rocks composed of metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks. Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from vein-type ores overlap with those of bedded sulfides. Similar to the sulfur, the lead in vein-type ores might be derived from bedded ores. Skarn ores at Lamo show very limited variations in Pb isotopic compositions, which may reflect a major magmatic-hydrothermal lead source. Helium isotope data of fluid inclusions trapped in sulfides indicate that He in the massive and bedded ores has a different origin than He in fluorite of granite-related veins. The ³He/⁴He ratios of 1.2–2.9 Ra of fluid inclusions from sulfides at Gaofeng and Changpo-Tongkeng imply a contribution of mantle-derived fluids. Overall our data support a submarine exhalative-hydrothermal origin for the massive and bedded ore types at Dachang. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at Appendix available as electronic supplementary material     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.     

闽西南地区块状硫化物矿床的喷流-沉积成矿作用

通过对闽西南地区石炭纪—早二叠世主要块状硫化物矿床的区域成矿背景、贮矿层位特征以及矿石矿物成分、结构构造,硫同位素地球化学特征、成矿温度等分析研究,指出该地区石炭纪—早二叠世块状硫化物矿床的形成多与海底火山活动有关,贮矿层中伴有典型的喷流沉积岩—硅质岩,并提出闽西南地区块状硫化物矿床存在海底喷流-沉积成矿作用的新认识。     

Lead isotopic composition and lead source of the Tongchanghe basalt-type native copper-chalcocite deposit in Ninglang, western Yunnan, China

1 Introduction The native copper-chalcocite deposits associated with the Emeishan basalt have attracted great attention of many scientists engaged in ore deposits in recent years, but their focus is more put on the deposits hos- ted in the high-Ti basalt …     

Geochemical Tracing of Ore-forming Material Sources of Carlin-type Gold Deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Triangle Area --A Case Study of the Application of the Combined Silicon Isotopes Geochemistry and Siliceous Cathodoluminescence Analysis

This paper deals with characteristics of silicon isotope compositions and siliceous cathodolumines-cence of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal silicified quartz of the Carlin-type ore deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi triangle area. The study shows that primary silicified quartz is nonluminescent but quartz in host rocks andsecondary silicified quartz are luminescent by the action of cathode rays. Correspondingly, silicon isotope composi-tions of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal quartz veins are clearly distinguished. In strata from the Middle Triassic tothe "Dachang" host bed, δ~(30)Si of the host rocks ranges from 0.0‰-0.3‰, while that of primary ore-forming silici-fied fluids from -0.1‰ to -0.4‰, in the Upper Permian and Lower Carboniferous strata and Indosinian diabasehost beds, δ~(30)Si of the host rocks is from -0.1‰ to -0.2‰ and that of the primary silicified quartz veins from 0.3‰-0.5‰. This pattern demonstrates the following geochemical mineralization process: primary ore-forming sili-ceous fluids migrated upwards quickly along the main passages of deep-seated faults from mantle to crust and en-tered secondary faults where gold deposits were eventually formed as a result of permeation and replacement of thesiliceous ore-forming fluids into different ore-bearing strata. This gives important evidence for the fact that ore-forming fluids of this type of gold deposits were mainly derived from upper mantle differentiation and shows goodprospects for deep gold deposits and geochemical background for large and superlarge gold deposits.     

秦巴地区毒重石-重晶石矿床地质及成矿远景分析

秦巴钡、磷、硫、钒、硒非金属成矿带分布着一系列毒重石-重晶石矿床。矿床的形成受 寒武系沉积含矿建造控制。在不同的成矿演化阶段分别形成了海相沉积型、生物沉积成岩型、沉积 一改造型矿床。在对成矿带内的含矿建造容矿岩石、矿床类型、成矿亚带、成矿远景划分及找矿前 景分析的基础上,划分出次沟-德胜寨、神仙台-牛头店、瓦庙-毛坝、张家沟-清水坪、观音堂-巴 山等5个有进一步找矿前景的远景区。     

东川式铜矿的成矿作用及后期叠加改造:来自硫化物原位硫同位素的制约

沉积岩型层状铜矿床(SSC型)的成因争论聚焦在成矿作用主要集中在沉积成岩期并可能叠加有后期成矿作用,还是形成于成岩后盆地闭合过程和造山作用有关。产于扬子板块西缘的东川式铜矿是中国SSC型矿床的典型代表,这些矿床赋存在晚古元古界东川群岩石中,主要呈层状矿体产出,但也存在少量脉状矿体。文章选择东川铜矿田内因民、汤丹和滥泥坪3个典型矿床的层状和脉状矿体中硫化物(黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉铜矿)开展原位硫同位素组成的对比研究。实验结果表明,这些矿床的硫化物原位硫同位素组成分布范围较广:因民矿床层状硫化物的δ³⁴S值分布于4.7‰~22.1‰,汤丹和滥泥坪矿床层状硫化物的δ³⁴S值为-3.3‰~3.1‰;因民矿床脉状硫化物的δ³⁴S值分布于21.0‰~30.7‰,汤丹和滥泥坪矿床脉状硫化物的δ³⁴S值为-19.4‰~3.5‰。层状矿体和脉状矿体的硫化物硫同位素组成明显不同,表明形成2种产状矿体的硫来源不同。层状矿体较大的硫同位素组成差异指示了海相硫酸盐不同程度的热化学还原作用,表明初始成矿流体中的硫来源于循环盆地卤水中溶解的海相蒸发岩。脉状矿体的硫同位素组成则强烈受控于矿区的赋矿围岩,因民矿床硫化物中极高的硫同位素组成表明硫的来源为地层中的海相蒸发岩,而汤丹和滥泥坪矿床中亏损³⁴S的特征则表明硫的来源为富含生物还原硫的碳质板岩。结合野外地质关系和前人研究成果,文章认为层状矿体和脉状矿体是2期独立成矿事件的产物,层状矿体形成于成岩作用时期,脉状矿体形成于后期独立的局部构造热成矿事件,也即SSC型矿床的成矿作用主要发生在成岩期,但普遍遭受后期热液活动的叠加,并且在不同的成矿期中可能存在着多阶段的成矿作用。