宁夏羊场湾煤矿复杂地层大口径电缆孔施工技术

结合神华宁煤羊场湾矿电缆钻孔施工实践,总结出宁东煤矿大口径特种钻孔施工的最佳工艺与技术要求,有效预防和处理破碎地层漏失的方法;在大口径钻孔水泥固井工序施工中成功使用了先进的止逆单向阀固井工艺,提出了针对大口径钻孔孔内事故的处理方法,并进行了成功的应用。     

天津CGSD-01地热调查井固井技术

CGSD-01井是天津地区的一口深层水热型地热资源调查井。针对井下漏失、水层活跃、选择性固井及长期耐高温等复杂情况,通过采用抗高温防窜水泥浆体系,优选橄榄型水泥伞,应用筛管顶部尾管注水泥和正注反挤固井工艺,综合形成一套适合该井的固井技术。通过现场应用,固井过程中未发生漏失及水窜,隔层封固可靠,为该地区深层地热井固井提供了示范。     

新型超强超轻量水泥

矿山地质岩心钻探、石油天然气和地热钻井过程中，经常采用水泥固井和护壁堵漏。除了根据灌注目的、井下情况、井深、井温和控凝时间等选用不同牌号水泥外（如冷井水泥、热井水泥、低比重水泥、高比重水泥、膨胀水泥、深井水泥、     

关井注水泥堵漏技术

对漏失严重的井，用常规的平衡法注水泥堵漏效果不甚理想，针对其缺点，根据平衡原理和地层破裂压力状况，提出注水泥堵漏时将钻杆下至漏层顶部以上一定高度，采取关井注水泥、替泥浆和不循环起钻，较好地解决了大漏井的堵漏问题，施工3口井均获成功。     

无固相钻井液在沉积岩复杂地层钻探中的应用研究

在沉积岩钻探施工过程中,经常会遇到松散、破碎、坍塌、水敏性等复杂地层。过去的做法主要是使用水泥封孔和套管固井等方法,施工成本高、效率低、劳动强度大。无固相钻井液的出现和发展,为沉积岩钻探难题提供了有效的解决方案。通过几个应用实例,介绍了在无固相钻井液技术研究及其在沉积岩复杂地层中的应用效果。     

石油钻井用可钻式浮箍浮鞋在煤矿回灌井中的应用

将石油专用的可钻式浮箍浮鞋用于煤矿大口径钻孔下套管及固井工作中,替代传统的打水泥座或焊钢板浮力塞加单向注浆阀下套管固井工艺,简化了下套管和固井施工程序,节约工程成本,保证了成井质量。介绍了这种方法在冀中能源峰峰集团梧桐庄矿回灌1号孔和2号孔的应用情况及效果。     

岩盐井水泥固井工艺

岩盐井水泥固井工艺甘肃省地矿局第一水文地质工程地质队杨志刚我队在甘肃省漳县盐井矿区的施工中，在无专门水泥固井设备的情况下，利用自己设计加工的一套固井水泥搅拌及灌注设施共施工岩盐井５个，获得了较好的效果。１岩盐井设计要求岩盐井设计最深为４００ｍ，最浅为...     

水源井同径套、筛管封井止水工艺

水源供水井，在封井止水下艺中，始终存在封井质量、水泥固结质量及井内钻具事故等风险，为此在对准格尔旗施工的10口水源供水井施工中，制作了单向逆止阀水泥封隔器，并与Ф340套、筛管用吊卡按一定顺序下入井内。该装置的使用，有效地提高了封井止水的质量。     

大塔场构造遂宁组—须家河组 钻井技术难点及应对措施

大塔场构造筇竹寺组、灯影组具有良好的生储盖组合且分布广泛,具有巨大的油气藏勘探开发潜力。该地区地质条件复杂,在上部地层钻进过程中,发现沙溪庙组井漏问题突出、须家河组岩石可钻性差等诸多难点。为了加快该区块的钻探进程,解决制约钻井提速的技术难题,通过分析前期钻完井和正钻井资料,明确了大塔场构造上部地层钻进过程中可能遇到的技术难点,结合现场实践提出了防止起步井斜方法、大尺寸套管固井技术、凝胶水泥堵漏技术、钻头优选等技术措施,对今后在该区块钻井和固井施工具有一定的指导作用。     

水泥护壁堵漏概况分析

水泥在钻探工程中的应用历史起码有五十多年了。各种钻井方法均有采用水泥进行固井(油井和水井)、堵漏、护壁、封孔、止水,甚至纠斜和处理井内事故等等。实践证明,泥浆和水泥是当前复杂地层钻进中护壁堵漏的最基本材料。特别是这几年来,我国岩心钻探工作中,使用水泥护壁堵漏得到很大发展,灌注成功率越来越高。在小口径金刚石钻孔中也正在逐步推广应用。我国水泥工业生产了许多新的水泥品种(如快硬早强水泥、矾土水泥等等)和新的水泥速凝早强剂(如红星一号、711型等),为岩心钻探注水泥护壁堵漏工作,提供了有     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用。本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源和环境过程示踪方面的研究进展;回顾了传统稳定同位素地球化学与污染示踪及过去全球变化方面的研究进展。指出了以上研究方向还存在的问题及未来研究方向。