垂线孔和水平孔施工技术

本文结合龙羊峡水电站垂线和水平孔工作实例，总结施工中的方法和经验。同时运用定向钻进来达到纠偏的技术要求。     

锚索孔的施工技术

长春地质学院探工系在黑龙江省宁安县桦树川水库承包了10个岩石锚索孔的任务。锚索孔直径150mm，平均深度18m，最深21m，倾角25.9°，方位角270°。这是为了防止山体的滑坡，保证水库溢洪道安全而施工的工程。该区的地质情况极为复杂，岩石质硬性脆，因遭受强烈的花岗岩侵入和后期构造应力的强烈作用，岩层破碎，在滑坡区有断层40余条，众多的断层及节理、层理等纵横切割，致使滑坡体严重破碎。滑坡治理措施是在滑坡体上下钻两排总计40个锚索孔抗滑。     

煤矿送料孔、通风孔及救援孔钻进技术

介绍了煤矿送料孔、通风孔及救援孔等工程钻孔的钻进工艺及所用器具,并通过中国神华集团的施工实例对此类工程钻孔的前导钻进及扩孔钻进技术进行了较为详细的探讨。     

高层深孔钻孔桩施工要点

以河南省岩土工程公司施工的浙江省温州市环球大厦桩基工程为例，分析了高层建筑深孔（６５～７５ｍ）钻孔灌注桩在成孔效率、成孔与清孔质量、钢筋笼的对焊与悬挂、灌注水下混凝土等方面的施工要点、注意事项和应采取的措施。重点分析了与浅桩在施工要点方面的差异。     

人工挖孔灌注桩施工技术的实践

本文根据在株洲地区挖孔桩的施工实践，介绍了挖孔桩施工技术，并从技术上，经济上阐明了挖孔桩的实用和优越性，可供类似工程参考。     

CDJ—1型超声波大口径桩孔检测仪

仪器采用双滚筒双排缆绞车及其带绕双根四心铠装电缆，通过双滑轮架井口导问，并定向吊放井下仪器，进行井内检测。其基本原理是利用超声波测距原理，结合计算机等综合性科学检测技术，实现大口径基桩孔的成孔质量检测，即检测其孔径、孔斜和孔底沉碴厚度。     

自动控制垂孔钻进—KTB主孔施工创出奇迹

在结晶岩中施工的KTB超深孔创造了垂直孔钻进的奇迹，从开孔至孔深4512m，钻孔顶角始终保持在1°以内（见表1）。这是十分罕见和难得的。与一般科学钻孔的孔斜情况（表2）相比，形成十分鲜明的对照。     

特殊条件下人工挖孔施工简介

人工挖孔桩广泛用于建筑物的地基处理。但当建筑物处于潜在的岩溶塌陷区，且第四系覆盖层有较厚的漂石层及软弱的疏松带，岩溶裂隙水具承压性，人工挖孔桩如设计与施工？本文对此作一简介。     

高精度倒垂孔施工技术

高精度倒垂孔施工技术贵州省地矿局１１２地质大队邓少东贵州省某大型水电站属国家重点建设项目，为了确保大坝安全，准确而有效地监测坝体变形，在不同坝段设立了５组正、倒垂线。我们承接了８３０廊道６号坝段ＩＰ４倒垂孔的施工任务，用了不到４０天保质保量地完成了成...     

ZK1502 孔 纠 斜 技 术

介绍了山东某矿区ZKl502孔透孔跑偏的过程及纠斜措施，分析了跑斜原因，提出了注意事项。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用。本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源和环境过程示踪方面的研究进展;回顾了传统稳定同位素地球化学与污染示踪及过去全球变化方面的研究进展。指出了以上研究方向还存在的问题及未来研究方向。