珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统韩江组中上部层序结构及深水重力流沉积*

基于地震、测井资料的综合分析开展珠江口盆地白云凹陷中中新世韩江组中上部发育的硅质深水沉积的层序地层、沉积构成和古地理环境研究。韩江组中上部发育1个区域性的二级旋回(CSh),通过不整合面及相应的整合面进一步将该复合层序划分为6个三级层序。一系列陆坡峡谷以及侵蚀作用形成的水道是主要层序界面的重要识别标志,斜坡进积楔、扇朵体的底界面,测井曲线突变以及钙质超微化石的相对低值也可以帮助识别层序界面。盆地的不同位置上层序结构有差异,重力流沉积单元也不同。本次研究在斜坡识别出5种深水沉积单元: 浊流水道复合体、斜坡扇、陆坡峡谷、进积楔和半远洋—远洋沉积,在深海盆地识别出扇朵叶体。将浊流水道复合体划分为5种沉积单元: 滞留沉积、水道天然堤、滑塌及碎屑流沉积、侧向增生体和末期充填沉积。在陆坡、陆隆以及深水盆地分别识别出侵蚀水道、侵蚀加积水道和加积水道。     

南海西北陆缘深水沉积体系内部构成特征

深水沉积是近年来我国海域油气勘探重点之一,利用高精度二维和三维地震剖面的精细解剖,揭示了南海西北陆缘区深水沉积体系类型及其内部构成特征.这些深水地区除堆积正常深海-半深海泥岩外,还发育大量深水重力流沉积,包括块体流沉积、深水峡谷、沉积物波等大型沉积体.研究表明,南海西北陆缘区发育4类陆坡, 即进积型、滑塌型、水道化型、宽缓渐变型陆坡.不同陆坡类型具有不同地貌形态,发育不同的沉积体类型.大型块体流沉积主要发育于滑塌型和水道化型陆坡,沉积物波主要发育于宽缓渐变型陆坡下部及深海中央峡谷长昌段的周缘地区.由于南海西北陆缘自晚中新世以来形成向东开口的喇叭形变深的地貌形态,导致在盆地中央形成了独特的与陆坡走向一致的深海峡谷体系——中央峡谷.该峡谷的沉积充填不仅包括来自于西部峡谷头部的浊积水道沉积,还包括来自于北部陆坡的块体流沉积,特别是来自于滑塌型陆坡的块体流沉积.中央峡谷体系构成了西北陆缘区多源汇聚的深水沉积物输送系统,同时也是南海西北陆缘深水区重要的油气储层发育层系.      

珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统韩江组中上部层序结构及深水重力流沉积

基于地震、测井资料的综合分析开展珠江口盆地白云凹陷中中新世韩江组中上部发育的硅质深水沉积的层序地层、沉积构成和古地理环境研究。韩江组中上部发育1个区域性的二级旋回(CSh),通过不整合面及相应的整合面进一步将该复合层序划分为6个三级层序。一系列陆坡峡谷以及侵蚀作用形成的水道是主要层序界面的重要识别标志,斜坡进积楔、扇朵体的底界面,测井曲线突变以及钙质超微化石的相对低值也可以帮助识别层序界面。盆地的不同位置上层序结构有差异,重力流沉积单元也不同。本次研究在斜坡识别出5种深水沉积单元:浊流水道复合体、斜坡扇、陆坡峡谷、进积楔和半远洋—远洋沉积,在深海盆地识别出扇朵叶体。将浊流水道复合体划分为5种沉积单元:滞留沉积、水道天然堤、滑塌及碎屑流沉积、侧向增生体和末期充填沉积。在陆坡、陆隆以及深水盆地分别识别出侵蚀水道、侵蚀加积水道和加积水道。     

西非被动大陆边缘盆地深水沉积体系特征

深水沉积砂岩储层是近年来全球油气勘探重点领域之一,对于深水沉积模式认识、沉积类型划分、储层分布规律及宏观演化规律能否实现系统深入的认知也成为制约全球油气勘探获得更多突破的关键问题之一。以典型深水沉积广泛发育的西非被动大陆边缘尼日尔三角洲盆地和刚果扇盆地为研究区,以地震资料为主,钻井资料为辅,开展针对性的深水沉积体系层序界面识别,明确研究区层序及体系域划分方案,建立深水沉积层序地层格架;综合2个研究区的深水沉积特征,探索建立了一套西非地区的深水沉积类型的划分方案,将其划分为陆坡峡谷、块体流、水道体、朵叶体、半深海泥5种亚相;将块体流细化为滑移体和滑塌碎屑流2种微相,将水道体进一步划分为高侵蚀充填型水道、低侵蚀过路加积型水道、过路高弯度水道、废弃水道、堤岸-漫溢5种微相,将朵叶体细分为末端朵叶和决口扇朵叶2种微相;同时系统总结解剖了各微相的岩性组合、地震反射及平面发育特征;深入分析了研究区深水沉积体系的宏观演化特征及展布规律,认识到尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积体系中水道体和朵叶体均有发育,自下向上,随着相对海平面先下降再上升的过程,早期主要发育朵叶体沉积,晚期则转变为以发育大型浊积水道为主。刚果扇盆地深水沉积则主要为水道体沉积,朵叶体较少发育,早期水道规模小,中期开始发育多支复合水道并呈退积趋势,水道发育程度逐渐降低,至晚期水道能量及侵蚀能力复又转强,甚至形成较大的陆坡峡谷及多支水道体。     

南海北部陆坡白云深水区深水沉积结构要素

在回顾深水沉积结构要素研究的基础上,结合白云深水区的勘探实践,对白云深水区深水沉积的结构要素进行了研究。将白云深水区深水沉积划分为4种结构要素,分别为水道、天然堤-溢岸沉积、席状砂和块体搬运沉积。水道是白云深水区深水沉积的主要组成部分,也是重要的储层;水道按成因可分为侵蚀型、侵蚀/加积型和加积型;水道充填沉积物的岩性变化较大,有砾岩、砂岩、泥岩以及几种岩性的混合。天然堤-溢岸沉积主要以泥岩、粉砂岩为主,平面上,天然堤-溢岸沉积与水道走向平行,横向上远离水道扩散,侧向连续性好但垂向连续性差。席状砂位于水道末端,具有朵叶状外形,分为层状和合并状2种类型：层状席状砂具有相对低的砂岩体积分数,泥岩和砂岩互层;而合并状席状砂岩体积分数高,砂层和砂层接触,夹有少量的泥。块体搬运沉积包括滑塌、滑块、块体流、碎屑流、坡身失稳复合体、块体搬运复合体等;块体搬运沉积常直接位于层序界面上,对下伏地层侵蚀明显,分布广泛,可作为良好的油气封盖层。     

坦桑尼亚滨海盆地陆坡峡谷沉积特征及其控制因素*

东非陆缘深水盆地具有巨大油气资源潜力,但对陆坡峡谷沉积特征研究较少,制约有利储集层预测。本研究利用三维地震资料,对东非坦桑尼亚滨海盆地陆坡峡谷开展精细研究。结果表明:(1)研究区陆坡发育多条大型海底峡谷;上陆坡处,坡度较陡,峡谷内以侵蚀作用为主,沉积物主要局限在褶皱推覆带的翼部;褶皱推覆带之外的下陆坡区,坡度变缓,峡谷末端发育席状砂质沉积及砂泥混杂的碎屑流沉积,同时在峡谷北侧发育向北延伸的泥质漂积体;在陆坡边缘,发育海底滑塌,形成块体搬运沉积。(2)峡谷沉积受陆源物质供给、褶皱推覆带、北大西洋底流以及陆坡边界断层等因素控制。受东非裂谷海域分支活动影响,研究区陆架窄、陆坡陡,陆源物质可迅速通过陆架,进入陆坡峡谷:与河流相连的峡谷,物源充足、规模较大,有沉积物发育而没有与河流直接相连的峡谷物源有限、规模较小,峡谷内无明显沉积;褶皱推覆带通过改变海底地形来控制峡谷内沉积分布,褶皱翼部发育沉积,核部则以侵蚀为主;褶皱推覆带外,北大西洋底流与峡谷末端重力流发生交互作用,细粒物质被搬运至峡谷北岸形成漂积体;陆坡边缘断层活跃,峡谷被断层切割,形成断崖,并引发海底滑塌,陆坡处不发育水道及朵体沉积,陆源物质通过峡谷被搬运至更深的深海盆地内。     

南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究

陆源碎屑物质是深水地质研究的重要内容,在全球“从源到汇”研究计划中占有重要地位。海底峡谷-水道搬运沉积体系和块体搬运沉积体系（海底滑坡）是大陆坡最重要的两种搬运沉积过程。根据高分辨率2D、3D多道反射地震资料、多波束测深法、旁扫声纳、重力与活塞取样等资料研究发现,在南海北部陆坡地层中,广泛发育大型深水块体搬运体系和相应深水水道沉积体系。针对白云凹陷和琼东南盆地深水陆坡区的实例研究,揭示了典型深水块体搬运的平面形态、内部结构和变形过程,进而深入认识这一地质体的形成演化过程。采用2D/3D地震资料和多种数值模拟新方法发现了第四系深水高弯曲水道及其沉积相特征、上新世琼东南盆地中央水道及中新世古珠江深水水道体系。深水沉积体系对研究我国深水油气资源的成因机理和分布规律,以及深水工程的地质灾害预测和防护具有十分重要的意义。     

孟加拉扇上扇某区块深水沉积体的特征及演化模式

利用高分辨率三维地震资料分析了孟加拉扇上扇某区块的深水沉积体特征。发现了六种典型地震相:下切充填相、海鸥翼状相、楔形发散相、透明相、强振幅平行相和弱振幅平行相。下切充填相代表粗粒的水道充填沉积;海鸥翼状相代表水道-天然堤复合体;楔形发散相代表细粒的天然堤沉积;透明相代表块体搬运沉积;强振幅平行相代表朵叶体沉积;弱振幅平行相代表深海披覆沉积。通过对典型地震剖面特征和平面属性分布分析可知:上扇垂向上依次沉积了朵叶体、水道和堤岸、朵叶体、水道-天然堤复合体。     

下刚果盆地中新统重力流沉积演化及控制因素

针对下刚果盆地中新统重力流沉积演化及其控制因素认识不够明确的问题,利用下刚果盆地X区块丰富的三维地震、测井及岩心资料,在建立中新统层序格架的基础上,精细识别了重力流沉积单元类型,系统揭示了重力流沉积演化特征并探讨了其控制因素。区内中新统可划分为SQ1(下中新统)、SQ2(中中新统下段)、SQ3(中中新统上段)及SQ4(上中新统)等4个三级层序,主要发育块体搬运、重力流水道(包括侵蚀过路水道、受限侵蚀水道、弱受限侵蚀—加积水道)、天然堤及朵叶体等沉积单元。SQ1早期,重力流沉积多在拉张区呈NW—SE向分布,主导沉积单元为朵叶体。SQ2早期,重力流沉积分布较广(呈NW—SE向),主导发育弱受限侵蚀—加积水道。SQ3早期,重力流沉积在研究区北部呈NWW—SEE向发育且以受限侵蚀水道为主。SQ4早期,重力流沉积全区发育(E—W走向),主导发育侵蚀过路水道。SQ1～SQ4,重力流沉积总体北迁、进积。刚果河携带大量物源向深水搬运(气候变冷、构造隆升及海平面下降所致)是重力流沉积大规模进积的第一要素,陆缘结构(掀斜陆架和宽缓陆坡)及陆坡坡度变化(断层及盐构造所致)控制了沉积分散过程和砂体横向分布。该...     

琼东南盆地中央峡谷西段莺歌海组沉积演化及储层预测

发育于琼东南盆地乐东凹陷、陵水凹陷、松南低凸起的中央峡谷西段,早期充填了厚达700 m的深海重力流沉积.基于两口钻井和两块三维地震资料,对研究区内中央峡谷早期的沉积演化进行了研究.通过分析地震剖面波组特征和对比井震资料,将峡谷充填划分为5个沉积期次;在井震对比的基础上,结合反射特征、地震切片及属性分析,识别出四种主要的沉积类型:水道复合体、水道-天然堤、浊积席状砂、块体流.沉积期次1主要为水道复合体,沉积期次2和3主要为水道-天然堤,沉积期次4主要为块体流和水道-天然堤,沉积期次5主要为块体流和浊积席状砂.峡谷DS1~DS3主要受轴向物源控制,以浊流沉积为主,富砂;DS4~DS5逐渐受北部陆坡物源控制,以块体流沉积为主,富泥.浊流沉积是峡谷内优良的储集体,普遍发育于峡谷充填下部,与上部块体流沉积可以形成良好的储盖组合,具有较好的油气勘探潜力.     

Dimensions and architecture of late Pleistocene submarine lobes off the northern margin of East Corsica

Sandy lobe deposits on submarine fans are sensitive recorders of the types of sediment gravity flows supplied to a basin and are economically important as hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study investigates the causes of variability in 20 lobes in small late Pleistocene submarine fans off East Corsica. These lobes were imaged using ultra‐high resolution boomer seismic profiles (<1 m vertical resolution) and sediment type was ground truthed using piston cores published in previous studies. Repeated crossings of the same depositional bodies were used to measure spatial changes in their dimensions and architecture. Most lobes increase abruptly down‐slope to a peak thickness of 8 to 42 m, beyond which they show a progressive, typically more gradual, decrease in thickness until they thin to below seismic resolution or pass into draping facies of the basin plain. Lobe areas range from 3 to 70 km² and total lengths from 2 to 14 km, with the locus of maximum sediment accumulation from 3 to 28 km from the shelf‐break. Based on their location, dimensions, internal architecture and nature of the feeder channel, the lobes are divided into two end‐member types. The first are small depositional bodies located in proximal settings, clustered near the toe‐of‐slope and fed by slope gullies or erosive channels lacking or with poorly developed levées (referred to as ‘proximal isolated lobes’). The second are larger architecturally more complex depositional bodies deposited in more distal settings, outboard more stable and longer‐lived levéed fan valleys (referred to as ‘composite mid‐fan lobes’). Hybrid lobe types are also observed. At least three hierarchical levels of compensation stacking are recognized. Individual beds and bed‐sets stack to form lobe‐elements; lobe‐elements stack to form composite lobes; and composite lobes stack to form lobe complexes. Differences in the size, shape and architectural complexity of lobe deposits reflect several inter‐related factors including: (i) flow properties (volume, duration, grain‐size, concentration and velocity); (ii) the number and frequency of flows, and their degree of variation through time; (iii) gradient change and sea floor morphology at the mouth of the feeder conduit; (iv) lobe lifespan prior to avulsion or abandonment; and (v) feeder channel geometry and stability. In general, lobes outboard stable fan valleys that are connected to shelf‐incised canyons are wider, longer and thicker, accumulate in more basinal locations and are architecturally more complex.     

Deepwater Turbidite Lobe Deposits: A Review of the Research Frontiers

Deepwater/deep-marine turbidite lobes are the most distal part of a siliciclastic depositional system and hold the largest sediment accumulation on the seafloor. As many giant hydrocarbon provinces have been discovered within deepwater lobe deposits, they represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry. Deepwater exploration is characterized by high cost, high risk but insufficient data because of the deep/ultra–deepwater depth. A thorough understanding of the deepwater turbidite lobe architecture, hierarchy, stacking pattern and internal facies distribution is thus vital. Recently, detailed outcrop characterizations and high–resolution seismic studies have both revealed that the deepwater lobe deposits are characterized into four–fold hierarchical arrangements from "beds", to "lobe elements", to "lobes" and to "lobe complex". Quantitative compilations have shown that hierarchical components of lobe deposits have similar length to width ratios but different width to thickness ratios depending on different turbidite systems. At all hierarchical scales, sand–prone hierarchical lobe units are always separated by mud–prone bounding units except when the bounding units are eroded by their overlying lobe units thus giving rise to vertical amalgamation and connectivity. Amalgamations often occur at more proximal regions suggesting high flow energy. A mixed flow behavior may occur towards more distal regions, resulting in deposition of "hybrid event beds". These synthesized findings could(1) help understand the lobe reservoir distribution and compartmentalization therefore benefit the exploration and development of turbidite lobes within the deep marine basins(e.g. South China Sea) and(2) provide rules and quantitative constraints on reservoir modeling. In addition, the findings associated with deepwater turbidite lobes might be a good starting point to understand the sedimentology, architecture and hierarchy of turbidites in deep lacustrine environment.     

珠江口盆地荔湾3-1气田珠江组深水扇沉积相分析

根据已钻井取芯段岩相分析,从荔湾3-1气田珠江组深水扇沉积体系中划分出巨厚层和厚层块状砂岩相、厚层正粒序砂岩相、厚层逆粒序砂岩相、平行—板状斜层理砂岩相、滑塌变形砂岩相、薄层砂岩夹层相、薄层（粉）砂岩与泥岩互层相、厚层粉砂岩相、厚层泥岩相和层状深水灰岩相等10种岩相类型和识别出砂岩相组合、泥岩相组合、（粉）砂岩与泥岩互...     

High-resolution analysis of submarine lobes deposits: Seismic-scale outcrops of the Lauzanier area (SE Alps, France)

The Lauzanier area represents the northernmost extension of the Annot Sandstone series and contains deposits between 650 and 900 m-thick. This basin was active from upper Bartonian or lower Priabonian to early Rupelian. It is composed of two superposed units separated by a major unconformity. The sediment supply is due to channelled flows coming from the south. Flow processes include mass flow to turbidity currents. The size of the particles and the absence of fine-grained sediment suggest a transport over a short distance. The Lower Unit is made of coarse-grained tabular beds interpreted as non-channelled lobe deposits. The Upper Unit is made of massive conglomerates interpreted as the channelled part of lobes. These lobe deposits settle in a tectonically confined basin according to topographic compensation that occurs from bed scale to unit scale. The abrupt progradation between the lower and the upper unit seems related to a major tectonic uplift in the area. This uplift is also suggested by a change in the petrographic nature of the source and an abrupt coarsening of the transported clasts.This field example allows providing high resolution analysis for depositional sedimentary sequences of terminal lobe deposits in a coarse-grained turbidite system. The outcrop analysis shows the lateral evolution of deposits and the system progradation allows a longitudinal analysis of facies evolution by superposing on the same outcrops the channelled lobe system and the non-channelled lobe system. These results of high-resolution outcrop analysis can be extrapolated to results obtained on sedimentary lobes in recent deep-sea turbidite system that are either restricted to cores, or with a lesser resolution (seismic).     

Controls on Holocene deep‐water sedimentation in the northern Gioia Basin,Tyrrhenian Sea

The northern Gioia Basin of the south‐east Tyrrhenian Sea is a slope basin, ～ 20 km wide and ～ 50 km long, with a bathymetry of ≤ 1300 m, bounded by the Calabro‐Sicilian landmass and the Aeolian Island Arc. Coarse sediment is supplied from the Calabrian margin, where the shelf is very narrow to non‐existent, whereas the wider shelf on the Sicilian margin prevents supply by storing river‐fed sediments. The basin is dominated by the Gioia–Mesima canyon/channel system paralleled by a tongue‐shaped depositional lobe. Multibeam bathymetric surveys, sea floor reflectivity data and airgun seismic profiles reveal the recent evolution of the submarine system. Slope canyons and basin‐floor levéed channels formed where major rivers built deltas at the shelfless Calabrian margin and strong hyperpycnal flows predominated. The channels are a few hundred metres wide and a few tens of metres deep, with a downslope change from a straight to meandering pattern where the slope gradient decreases from 3·2% to 1·7%. The Mesima Channel has its lower segment abandoned because of avulsion and crevasse‐splay formation at an upslope bend. The adjacent Gioia Channel has had its upper segment straightened and lower segment entrenched because of erosional deepening of the Stromboli Valley into which it debouches and which acts as the local base level. Overbank features include levées, coalescent splays and ‘yazoo’ channels; their nature and surface characteristics depend upon the magnitude and sediment grain‐size of spill‐over flows. On an adjoining narrow shelf sliver of the Calabrian margin, in contrast, the coalescing plumes of sediment suspension supplied by an array of smaller coastal streams were apparently spilling over the shelf edge, scouring a funnel‐shaped bypass depression with chutes and forming an elongate, non‐channellized depositional lobe at the slope base. The study demonstrates the impact of sediment source type, shelf width, basin‐floor gradient and base‐level change on the style of deep‐water sedimentation.     

Large-scale stratigraphic architecture and sequence analysis of an early Pleistocene submarine canyon fill,Monte Ascensione succession (Peri-Adriatic basin,eastern central Italy)

The Monte Ascensione succession (c. 2.65–2.1 Ma) is a well-exposed example of an exhumed submarine canyon fill embedded within slope hemipelagic mudstones. This gorge represented a long-lasting pathway for sediment transport and deposition and during the Gelasian delivered Apennine-derived clastic sediment to the adjacent Peri-Adriatic basin. A total of six principal lithofacies types, representing both canyon-confining hemipelagic deposits and canyon-filling turbidity current and mass-transport deposits, can be delineated in the studied sedimentary succession. The canyon-fill deposits display a marked cyclic character and the component lithofacies succeed one another to form at least fifteen fining-upward stratal units, which are interpreted to represent high-frequency, unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. Variability in the vertical repetition of constituent lithofacies allows the identification of three basic styles of sequence architecture that can be interpreted in terms of differing positions along a conceptual down-canyon depositional profile. An integrated chronology, based on biostratigraphic data and on palaeomagnetic polarity measurements, strongly supports a one-to-one correlation between the sequence-bounding surfaces and oxygen isotope stages G2–78, suggesting that the most feasible sequence-engendering mechanism is that of orbitally dictated glacio-eustatic changes in sea level, which regulated timing of sediment storage on the shelf and its redistribution beyond the shelf edge. One of the most significant aspects of this study is the demonstration that processes occurring within upper slope canyons can be expected to be strongly influenced by variations in sea level; that is, the erosional and depositional features evident in these deposits can be strongly controlled by allocyclic processes rather than autocyclic or random processes.     

A carbonate submarine fan in a fault-controlled basin of the Upper Jurassic, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain

ABSTRACT The middle member of the Loma del Toril formation (Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian, Intermediate units, Betic Cordillera) consists of up to 250 m of resedimented carbonate material. Three units have been distinguished. The lower, Unit A, is composed of conglomerates that are interpreted as deposited in a major valley on the lower slope of a basin margin. Unit B, calcarenites with some conglomerate intercalation, is interpreted as distributary channel deposits and Unit C, calcarenites, as the result of poorly developed depositional lobes of a submarine fan. The three units form a recessional sequence. They cannot be related to a transgression because the Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian in the Prebetic zone, where epicontinental sediments exist, is clearly regressive. The upper member of the Loma del Toril formation, made up of pelagic limestones with sporadic calcarenites or even thin conglomerate intercalations, is best interpreted as a basin plain facies. Lateral facies relationships suggest that down-faulting of the basin floor controlled the development of the fan. The scarce occurrence of turbidite beds in the basin plain facies, the prevailing channelized facies and the obvious lack of overbank deposits, suggest a transport system of low efficiency, with fan deposition at the base of slope. The underlying Jurassic strata cropping out along fault scarps, coeval carbonate shelf material, and upper slope deposits were the main sources of turbiditic resediments. With respect to basin morphology sedimentary processes and fan geometry, this Jurassic turbidite basin can be compared with the modern California continental borderland. Ancient analogues have been described by Reinhart (1977) and Price (1977).     

Defining the shelf edge and the three‐dimensional shelf edge to slope facies variability in shelf‐edge deltas

Shelf‐edge deltas play a critical role in shelf‐margin accretion and deepwater sediment delivery, yet much remains to be understood about the detailed linkage between shelf edge and slope sedimentation. The shelf edge separates the flat‐lying shelf from steeper slope regions, and is observable in seismic data and continuous outcrops; however, it is commonly obscured in non‐continuous outcrops. Defining this zone is essential because it segregates areas dominated by shelf currents from those governed by gravity‐driven processes. Understanding this linkage is paramount for predicting and characterizing associated deepwater reservoirs. In the Tanqua Karoo Basin, the Permian Kookfontein Formation shelf‐slope clinothems are well‐exposed for 21 km along depositional strike and dip. Two independent methods identified the shelf‐edge position, indicating that it is defined by: (i) a transition from predominantly shelf‐current to gravitational deposits; (ii) an increase in soft‐sediment deformation; (iii) a significant gradient increase; and (iv) clinothem thickening. A quantitative approach was used to assess the impact of process‐regime variability along the shelf edge on downslope sedimentation. Facies proportions were quantified from sedimentary logs and photographic panels, and integrated with mapped key surfaces to construct a stratigraphic grid. Spatial variability in facies proportions highlights two types of shelf‐edge depositional zones within the same shelf‐edge delta. Where deposition occurred in fluvial‐dominated zones, the slope is sand rich, channelized with channels widening downslope, and rich in collapse features. Where deltaic deposits indicate considerable tidal reworking, the deposits are thin and pinch‐out close to the shelf edge, and the slope is sand poor and lacks channelization. Amplification of tidal energy, and decrease in fluvial drive on the shelf, coincides with a decrease in mouth bar and shelf‐edge collapse, and a lack of channelization on the slope. This analysis suggests that process‐regime variability along the shelf edge exercised significant control on shelf‐edge progradation, slope channelization and deepwater sediment delivery.     

被动陆缘深水重力流沉积单元及沉积体系

被动陆缘深水沉积盆地是深水油气勘探和沉积学研究的热点领域。本文基于尼日尔三角洲西部深水区与珠江口盆地白云深水区的高分辨率三维地震资料开展深水重力流沉积单元和沉积体系研究。主要取得3个方面的认识:①尽管两个地区所发育的重力流沉积体系差异较大,但基本沉积单元是相同的,均由块体搬运沉积体系、深水水道和朵体组成。②尽管不同被动陆缘深水沉积盆地所发育的深水重力流沉积单元基本相同,但由于重力流供给、海底地形、陆坡均衡面以及可容空间和沉积过程等因素的差异,深水重力流沉积体系以及沉积体系叠置样式存在较大的差异。③进行深水沉积单元的识别和表征研究的同时,应加强深水沉积体系控制因素研究,而不能简单地套用某种深水沉积模式。