南岭地区中生代两种成矿花岗质岩的岩石学和矿物学特征探讨

南岭地区是我国重要的有色金属矿产资源集中区,中生代多金属成矿与本区广泛分布的花岗质岩石具有密切的成因关系.本文在总结南岭地区与花岗质岩石有关的钨锡钼铋和铜(钼)铅锌金银两类多金属矿床时空分布规律、岩体特征的基础上,探讨并对比了这两种成矿花岗质岩的岩石学和矿物学特征,指出:①与钨锡钼铋成矿有关的岩浆岩以壳源物质重熔形成的黑云母花岗岩为主,但不少岩体也带有幔源物质信息.造岩矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+白云母±角闪石,石英、长石、黑云母包含结构十分发育.斜长石以钠长石为主,An平均值为8;黑云母为富铁黑云母—铁叶云母—铝铁叶云母,MF值为0.001～0.5311;个别岩体中含角闪石,Mg# =0.21～0.53.②与铜(钼)铅锌金银成矿有关的岩浆岩以壳幔混源的花岗闪长岩为主.造岩矿物组合为石英+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+角闪石±白云母,包含结构不发育.斜长石以更长石为主,An平均值为22;黑云母为富镁黑云母,MF值为0.5120～0.7216;普遍见有角闪石,Mg# =0.48～1.00.两类成矿岩浆岩的岩石学和矿物学差异可以为南岭花岗质岩石地区找矿提供初步的指示意义.     

越城岭-猫儿山地区花岗岩特征及成矿

越城岭-猫儿山地区花岗岩类岩石出露很广,侵入时代从加里东期至燕山期,为一套富硅、铝过饱和、燕山早期花岗岩体略富碱、分异演化程度较高的中粒-细粒黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和白云母花岗岩。岩石具有明显的富K2O,贫Na2O特征,为富含W、Sn、Pb和Bi的岩体,具备了为钨锡多金属矿化提供成矿物质和成矿热流体的内在条件。区内钨锡钼矿化与燕山早期花岗关系密切,矿床（点）产于细粒花岗岩周边、细粒花岗岩体与围岩接触带附近。     

广西花山花岗岩云英岩化分带与锡成矿过程的矿物学研究

云英岩脉型锡矿是广西花山花岗岩的主要矿化类型之一。花山花岗岩是氧化型花岗岩,岩体中的锡主要以Sn4+ 的形式,赋存于黑云母、角闪石、榍石、金红石、钛铁矿和锡石等含锡矿物中。通过矿物学研究发现,云英岩化过程是：经充 分分异和演化形成的残余岩浆流体与中细粒黑云母花岗岩相互作用。首先,黑云母等原生含锡矿物中的锡在岩浆流体的作 用下被淋滤出,进入流体或次生矿物相,如金红石、白云母等,发生初步富集;其次,在蚀变后期,成矿流体使早先沉淀 的含锡矿物发生重溶,锡溶解进入成矿流体再次富集。锡在流体中与丰富的F- ,Cl - 等络阴离子结合成稳定的配合物运移, 随着云英岩化加深,流体的pH值升高、温度降低、络阴离子浓度降低,流体中配合物的稳定性降低发生沉淀形成锡矿化     

湖南邓阜仙复式花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学研究

邓阜仙钨矿及其所赋存的邓阜仙复式花岗岩体地处湘赣边境,位于茶陵县北东,距茶陵县城约50km。邓阜仙岩体由三期花岗岩体组成,分别是粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩、中细粒二云母花岗岩和细粒白云母花岗岩,与石英脉型钨(锡)矿和岩体型铌钽矿有关。本文通过对黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,初步探讨湖南邓阜仙复式花岗岩     

江西大吉山钨矿成矿年代学研究

大吉山钨矿床是一个大型的石英脉型钨矿床。矿床在空间上与燕山早期复式花岗岩相伴。利用云母单矿物的K Ar同位素年龄测试方法,测定了矿床有关的花岗岩及矿脉的同位素年龄。结果表明,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母K Ar年龄为(160 3±3 03)Ma和(164 2±3 5)Ma,二云母花岗岩中白云母K Ar年龄为(160 6±2 8)Ma,含钨石英脉中白云母K Ar年龄为(152 6±2 35)Ma和(158 1±2 8)Ma。钨成矿与花岗岩的成岩基本不存在时差,推测含钨石英脉的形成可能与岩浆分异出的富含矿化剂和成矿元素的流体有关。     

南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学：概念与实例

南岭地区的钨锡成矿作用与花岗岩岩浆活动有十分密切的关系。花岗岩的物源与成矿元素的初始富集、花岗岩的分异程度和花岗岩中流体性质与活动性集中体现了花岗岩对成矿的控制能力,即花岗岩的成矿能力。初步建立了南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学研究体系。黑云母、榍石、锆石、锡石、金红石、黑钨矿、白钨矿和钨铁铌矿等是讨论的重点矿物,它们可用于判别花岗岩的成矿能力。首先以矿物晶体化学为基础,介绍了上述矿物在钨锡花岗岩中的岩相学特征、内部构造和矿物化学及其变化,并分别论证了花岗岩原始含矿性、花岗岩结晶演化和花岗岩中成矿元素活动性的矿物学标志;其次,系统对比了南岭地区三类钨锡花岗岩（准铝质含锡花岗岩、过铝质含锡花岗岩和过铝质含钨花岗岩）的成矿矿物学特征。以湖南骑田岭花岗岩复式岩体为实例,进行了芙蓉- 菜岭含锡花岗岩和新田岭含钨花岗岩的成矿矿物学对比研究。前者以黑云母、榍石为典型含锡矿物,它们在流体富集阶段,经热液蚀变作用,导致锡的淋滤和结晶富集作用;后者则以出现岩浆白钨矿和黑钨矿为特征。提出的钨锡花岗岩成矿矿物学研究体系有助于深化矿床学研究和矿床勘探工作,并将在今后工作中进一步完善。     

九龙脑岩体矿物学研究及其对岩浆演化和成矿作用的指示意义

九龙脑岩体位于南岭成矿带东段崇余犹矿集区内,是由四个期次花岗岩组成的复式岩体,从早到晚分别为中粗粒黑云母花岗岩(γ2-1a5)、中粗粒斑状(含白云母)黑云母花岗岩(γ2-1b5)、细-中细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩(γ2-2a-2b5)、细-中细粒(含黑云母、石榴石)花岗岩(γ25),以其为中心,钨锡、金银铜铅锌、铀、铌钽等多矿种、多期次、多成因矿床分带产出。通过对花岗岩的矿物学研究,确定九龙脑花岗岩中的钾长石以正长石为主,斜长石为钠-更长石,黑云母为富铁黑云母-铁叶云母-铝铁叶云母,原生白云母较次生白云母具有高铁、锰、镁、氟、氯和低铝特征,石榴石属于锰铝榴石-铁铝榴石,绿泥石为鲕绿泥石-蠕绿泥石(铁绿泥石)-铁镁绿泥石,副矿物中常含微量的稀有金属元素。原生白云母和钛铁矿的存在以及黑云母矿物化学特征指示九龙脑花岗岩为S型花岗岩。第一期次花岗岩结晶时具有较高的氧逸度,其黑云母结晶温度为550~600℃;第二、三、四期次花岗岩结晶时具有相对较低的氧逸度,其黑云母结晶温度分别为600~700℃、600~700℃、550℃。第一、三、四期次花岗岩中绿泥石的形成温度分别为385~400℃、300~370℃、359~397℃,显示九龙脑花岗岩经历了中高温热液流体的影响。矿物化学特征表明,九龙脑花岗岩与南岭地区成钨锡钼铋矿的花岗岩具有相似的矿物组成,第一期次、第二期次、第四期次花岗岩可能与矿田内丰富的钨、锡、铌钽、铀矿化密切相关。     

粤东沿海地区锡和钨成矿花岗岩地质地球化学特征的对比

粤东沿海地区与锡钨矿化有关的花岗岩可划分为锡成矿花岗岩和钨成矿花岗岩。二者皆为燕山期构造—岩浆作用的产物,属地壳物质物重熔—深熔成因。锡成矿花岗岩形成于燕山中期,主要分布于潮安—海丰以东地区。岩性主要为二长花岗岩,岩石相对富Al_2O_3、CaO以及Sn、Pb、Zn、Cu等微量元素。钨成矿花岗岩形成于燕山中晚期,主要分布在靠近莲花山断裂带地区。岩性主要为黑云母花岗岩,岩石相对富SiO_2以及W、Be、F等微量元素,源岩特征的不同,是造成两种成矿花岗岩地质地球化学特征差异的根本原因。     

内蒙古兴安盟杜尔基地区花岗岩矿物学特征和Hf同位素研究

杜尔基花岗岩基位于大兴安岭中南段,且处在大兴安岭一个大型多金属矿集区(Au-Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-Fe)中。区内岩浆活动复杂,成矿元素多样,其中,杜尔基花岗岩是本地区出露面积较大(约190 km2)的岩体之一。为厘清区内不同花岗质岩石的源区特征及其与成矿的关系,文章对杜尔基地区花岗岩的主要岩性单元二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩进行了系统的矿物学和Hf同位素组成研究。结果表明:二长花岗岩的主要矿物为斜长石(32%)、钾长石(45%)、石英(20%),次要矿物为黑云母、角闪石和辉石等暗色矿物(3%);正长花岗岩的主要组成矿物为石英(10%~15%)、钾长石(60%~70%)和斜长石(30%),次要矿物为黑云母(5%),在这两种花岗岩中均广泛发育条纹长石。黑云母主要为铁质黑云母和铁叶云母,角闪石为韭闪石和普通角闪石,辉石为普通辉石。矿物学特征均指示杜尔基花岗岩主要为I型花岗岩。二长花岗岩εHf为-1.6~17.6,正长花岗岩εHf为-3.3~12.2。杜尔基花岗岩Hf同位素特征指示其源区为新生的地壳物质,可能是来自地幔的底侵玄武质岩浆发生重熔的结果。     

Fe-Al云母及铝铁叶云母

黑云母花岗岩→二云母花岗岩→白云母花岗岩是华南花岗岩类中一种常见的岩石演化序列。岩石中存在贫Li富Fe、Al云母的矿物组合。例如:五里亭-101杂岩体云母组合为黑云母-铁白云母-白云母,湘千岩体为黑云母-锂铁叶云母-铁白云母-白云母,黄山岩体的云母组合包括锂黑云母-锂铁叶云母等。这些云母(表1)的分子式(按氧的原子数等于22计算)中,Li从小于0.4(白云母)到小于0.6(黑云母),低于八面体阳离子总数的10%。对这些富     

Greisenization of a muscovite-biotite albite granite of northern Portugal

Greisenization of a muscovite-biotite albite granite of Alijó-Sanfins, northern Portugal, is studied for both major and trace elements. The principal tin-tungsten mineralization of the region is connected with this granite and the greisenization is accompanied by an increase in Cl, F, W, Nb, Sn, Pb and Rb. Cassiterite is the main carrier of Sn. Muscovite is the concentrator of Cl and F. The muscovite of the greisenized granite contains more Cl, F, W and Nb than the muscovite of the parental granite, but the former contains less Sn. Sn content of the muscovite of the greisenized granite is higher than that of the biotite of the parental granite; W content is similar or higher.When the greisenization is accompanied by albitization, the oxides and trace elements behave in a similar way to that found only with greisenization, except that there is a decrease of Ni and Rb. Li, Zr, Sr, Ba and Rb decrease as albitization increases.     

Ar–Ar Ages of Hydrothermal Muscovite and Igneous Biotite at the Guposhan–Huashan District,Northeast Guangxi,South China: Implications for Mesozoic W–Sn Mineralization

The Guposhan–Huashan district is an important W–Sn–Sb–Zn–(Cu) metallogenic area in South China. It is located in the middle‐west segment of the Nanling Range. Granitoids in the Guposhan–Huashan district possess certain properties of A‐type or I‐type granites. The W–Sn–Sb–Zn mineralization in the district is closely associated with magma emplacement. Two igneous biotite and seven hydrothermal muscovite samples from skarn, veins and greisenization ores were analyzed by Ar–Ar methods. Two igneous biotite samples from fine‐grained quartz monzodiorite and fine‐grained biotite granite show plateau ages of 168.7 ± 1.9 Ma and 165.0 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. Seven hydrothermal muscovite samples from ores yield plateau ages as two groups: 165 Ma to 160 Ma and 104 Ma to 100 Ma. These data suggest that the emplacement of fine‐grained granitoids in this district is coeval with the main phase magma emplacement, different from previous studies. The W–Sn–Sb–Zn mineralization took place in two stages, i.e. the Middle–Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. W–Sn mineralization in the Guposhan–Huashan district is closely related to the magmatism, which was strongly influenced by underplating of asthenospheric mantle along trans‐lithospheric deep faults and related fractures.     

西华山钨矿花岗岩地球化学特征及与钨成矿的关系

西华山钨矿区花岗岩体由斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩（γ5^2-1a）和中粒黑云母花岗岩（γ5^2-2a）组成,两者均具有高硅,高碱,贫钛、铁、镁、钙、磷等特点,均属强过铝质高钾钙碱性岩系。γ5^2-2a较γ5^2-1a更为高硅,富碱,贫钛、铁、镁,γ5^2-1a和γ5^2-2a的成矿元素W,Sn,Mo,Bi含量分别为相应维氏值的10．2,13．27,2．53,595．67倍和75．18,8．35,4．15,932．22倍,围岩中成矿元素W,Sn,Mo,Bi的含量是南岭地壳沉积岩丰度的6．38,6．89,0．98和1．87倍。γ5^2-2a和γ5^2-1a稀土总量平均值分别为284．47×10^-6和241．10×10^-6,γ5^2-2a的稀土总量比γ5^2-1a高,γ5^2-1a为轻稀土富集型,而γ5^2-2a为重稀土富集型且具有更强的铕亏损。斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩（γ5^2-1a）和中粒黑云母花岗岩（γ5^2-2a）侵入活动均伴随着相应的钨矿成作用,并且第二次钨成矿作用更为强烈。     

江西彭山岩体的地球化学特征及成矿关系探讨

彭山岩体是由白云母碱长花岗岩、二云母碱长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩组成的钙碱性花岗复式岩体。其地球化学特征表明它是一种富硅、富碱、贫钙、过铝且轻稀土相对富集的陆壳重熔型花岗岩。通过与典型矿区铅、硫同位素及稀土元素的对比，发现其侵位与多金属矿床的形成有着密切的联系。区域上基底深断裂的活化及板块间的相互作用，为该区燕山晚期的岩浆活动创造了条件。岩浆活动在提供了大量热动力的同时，也为本区带来了丰富的成矿物质，岩浆在侵位过程中进行了较为彻底的结晶分异，最终成矿物质在彭山穹窿构造及各级次级构造中富集成矿。     

南岭稀土花岗岩、钨锡花岗岩及其成矿作用的对比

南岭地区的钨锡和稀土矿床都与花岗岩类有直接成因联系,但二者的成矿作用有许多不同之处.钨锡是典型的热液成矿,而稀土则主要形成于风化作用.随着花岗岩类的分异演化,岩石中的W、Sn等元素含量逐渐增加,因此钨锡等矿床主要与高度分异演化的晚阶段小岩体有关;但是稀土的表现与钨锡不同,由于花岗岩类的分异演化导致稀土栽体黑云母及许多副矿物的减少,因此稀土元素含量在晚阶段岩体中反而降低.赣南的五里亭-大吉山岩体、桂东北的花山-姑婆山岩体等提供了很好的范例.因此,南岭地区与风化壳型稀土矿床有关的岩石主要有:印支期准铝质花岗岩,燕山期A型花岗岩,燕山中-晚期黑云母二长花岗岩等.     

Metallogeny and Mineralization Potential of the Bazman Granitoids,SE Iran

The Mesozoic Bazman granitoids are located in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran. Geology of the study area consists of Carboniferous shale, sandstone, and limestone and Permian siltstone, shale, sandstone, limestone, and dolomite that were intruded by the Bazman granitoids. These granitoids include various phases of granite, granodiorite, quartz‐monzodiorite, monzodiorite, diorite, and gabbro. They are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, reduced, calc‐alkaline and I‐type, and display geochemical characteristics of continental margin (ensialic) granitoids. In this paper, field, petrography, and geochemical data were used to discriminate the Bazman granitoids either as productive or barren granitoids. Although there are a few skarn‐related mineral occurrences adjacent to the Bazman granitoids, most exposed intrusions are not hydrothermally altered and mineralized. Rb/Sr, Zr/Hf, and K/Rb ratios indicate that the granitic magmas that formed most of the Bazman granitoids indicate that they are moderately evolved and have generally not undergone post‐magmatic hydrothermal activity. The Sm/Eu and Rb/Ba ratios and the concentrations of Rb, Ba, and Sr within the aforementioned granitoids show that the rocks are similar to the averages of granitoids devoid of Li, Be, U, Sn, W, and Ta deposits. The I‐type arc characteristics and other geochemical features of the Bazman granitoids show that they are not typical of parental magmas to Sn, W, Mo, and Zn mineralization, but are mainly fertile for Cu and Fe (Au) skarn‐related granitoids.     

Hydrothermal processes and shifting element association patterns in the W—Sn enriched granite of Regoufe, Portugal

Combined research in geochemistry and mineral chemistry of the hydrothermally altered W-Sn specialized granite of Regoufe and its derivatives in Portugal was undertaken to gain insight in the mineralogical changes associated with hydrothermal processes within a single granite cupola. Over 1000 unpolished rock sections were analyzed by automated X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). On the basis of the XRF data, a small number of these same sections was selected for investigation by electron probe microanalysis. The study focuses on fourteen elements of interest that are measurable with the chosen techniques. Major pervasive alteration within the Regoufe granite is virtually contemporaneous with mineralization in the form of Sn- or W-bearing quartz veins. Two phases of hydrothermal activity are discerned, characterized by different element associations. Fluids of the first phase were especially rich in Sn, Cs and F, whereas the second phase was marked by a W-Ta-Nb-Rb association and presumably carried less F. Phosphorus probably was an important fluid component in both phases. The fluids are inferred to have fractionated from a related granitic magma at depth.Tin, W, Nb and Ta are mainly found as substitutions or inclusions in biotite in the least altered part of the Regoufe granite. Tantalo-niobian rutile is an important control for the distribution of Nb. Tin occurs in rutile and rarely as cassiterite. Muscovitization caused leaching of Ti and Zr from the granite. Tin, supplied or mobilized by the hydrothermal fluids, behaves differently from W, Nb and Ta. In the most altered rocks, muscovite hosts significant amounts of Sn. Whereas Sn is still related to Cs and Ti, elements that probably represent altered biotite, W, Ta and Nb are related to newly formed Rb-rich muscovite. Columbitetantalite was detected embedded in late muscovite. In contrast to Sn, the fluid-supplied W was predominantly deposited as wolframite in quartz veins and the altered granite is not enriched in W compared to the relatively unaltered rocks. Strontium is preferentially hosted by K-feldspar in the least altered granite; Ca in this rock is still partly contained in albite. With increasing albitization and muscovitization, Sr and Ca were released and are partly bound in newly formed apatite. The primary magmatic apatites have near-ideal formula compositions, but mobilization of P during hydrothermal activity resulted in the formation of Mn-rich apatite in all parts of the granite, and Sr- and probably Li-rich varieties in the most altered rocks. Eosphorite, and scorodite as the oxidation product of arsenopyrite, were also formed as a result of P mobilization. In the least altered rocks, Cs is mainly contained in biotite. In the most altered granite and aplitic rocks, enrichment of Cs and Rb is evenly distributed over K-feldspar and micas. The processes that lead to increased Rb are partly independent of Cs enrichment, and apparently related to the W-Nb-Ta mineralization event, separate from the preceding Sn mineralization.     

大兴安岭中南段花岗岩中黑云母矿物学地球化学特征及成因意义

大兴安岭中南段花岗岩中黑云母的矿物学和地球化学特征研究表明,海西晚期花岗岩体黑云母Ｍｇ高Ｆｅ＾２＋低,Ｍｇ原子数〉０．６,Ｆｅ＾２＋原子数〈１．１,而燕山期γ＾２－２５岩体黑云母Ｍｇ原子数〈０．６,Ｆｅ＾２＋原子数〉１．１,燕山晚期γ＾３－１５岩体黑云母Ｍｇ原子数〈０．４,Ｆｅ＾２＋原子数〉１．９,本区黑云母成分特征介于华南二成因系列之间,兼具二系列的某些特点,表明本区花岗岩的壳幔混源特点,本区南     

Jiaodong Granitoids and Gold Mineralization

Ｊｉａｏｄｏｎｇ　Ｇｒａｎｉｔｏｉｄｓ　ａｎｄ　Ｇｏｌｄ　Ｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ￥ＣｈｅｎＧｕａｎｇｙｕａｎ；ＳｕｎＤａｉｓｈｅｎｇ；ＳｈａｏＹｕｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉ...     

雪峰弧形构造带南段牛角界钨矿区花岗岩地球化学特征

湖南牛角界钨矿区花岗岩体位于雪峰弧形构造带南段。岩体主要由细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中钨矿化与细粒、中细粒花岗岩有关。岩石地球化学特征表明,富碱[ω(Na2O+K2O)=7.58~8.23wt%)],富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.41~1.56),A/CNK=1.45~1.55,属过铝质高钾“S”型花岗岩。稀土元素总量较低(66.29×10^-6~107.78×10^-6),富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE为4.59~8.51,呈右倾型。δEu含量为0.13~0.48,远小于1,显示明显的负异常。在微量元素配分模式中,岩石富集K、W、Ba、Cs、Rb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Yb等高场强元素。岩体形成于碰撞造山后环境,并且对牛角界钨矿的形成具有一定的贡献。