东昆仑山南缘大型转换挤压构造带和斜向俯冲作用

东昆仑地体和巴颜喀拉－－松潘甘孜地体之间的会聚边界是一条位于东昆仑南缘的大型转换挤压构造带。研究表明该带的东段（阿尼玛卿段）和西段（东－西大滩段）构造特征不同,阿尼玛卿段的构造以印支期具往南西造山极性的逆冲叠覆岩片和新生代脆性左行走滑构造为特征,东－西大滩段是由220Ma形成的EW向韧性左行走滑剪切带及两则伴生的挤压褶皱断裂带组成,韧性变形持续至20Ma,之后表现为脆性左行走滑构造再活动。因此,东昆仑南缘大型会聚带是一条由东段的“收缩挤压”为主向西段的“转换挤压”逐渐过度的特殊复杂的构造带,它的形成与巴颜喀拉－－松潘甘孜地体往NE方向斜向俯冲于东昆仑地体之下有关。     

阿尔泰山脉南部线性花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

在阿尔泰山脉南部发育长轴呈NW-SE走向的小型线性花岗岩,它们的围岩分别为遭受强烈左行韧性剪切变形的泥盆纪和石炭纪火山沉积岩系.构造变形特征显示,这些线性花岗岩是与该区左行韧性剪切变形同时侵位的.本文报道了对采自其中的阿勒泰南黑云母花岗岩和沙尔布拉克南二云母花岗岩样品的锆石进行sHRIMP U-Pb定年的研究结果,根据地质、岩石学和构造变形等方面的特征和锆石阴极发光图像特征,笔者把沙尔布拉克南二云母花岗岩的(275.1±1.7)Ma年龄解释为该岩体的侵位时代,据此推测该区左行韧性剪切作用可能开始于275 Ma前后.结合已有资料,还对阿尔泰山脉南部二叠纪的构造演化进行了初步讨论.     

东昆仑左行走滑韧性剪切带形成时代的锆石U-Pb年龄证据

巴颜咯拉—松潘甘孜地体与东昆仑南地体晚三叠纪斜向碰撞形成大规模的东昆仑左行走滑韧性剪切带,新生代时期韧性剪切转为脆性左旋走滑并构成青藏高原向东逃逸的北部边界。为了确定早期韧性剪切变形时代,对剪切带上2个同构造花岗斑岩脉进行了激光探针(LA-MC-ICP MS)测年研究,获得了196.4 ± 2.3 Ma和195.1 ± 1.6 Ma的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄,表明东昆仑左行走滑韧性剪切带形成于燕山早期。      

南帕米尔喀拉苏沟韧性剪切带构造变形特征及年代学分析

帕米尔西构造结经历了古生代—中生代多个地体的复杂拼合过程, 又遭受了新生代印度-亚洲碰撞的改造, 在整个青藏高原构造演化中扮演了重要的角色, 但该地区中生代构造演化的研究仍然相对较少。通过研究南帕米尔一条北西—南东走向宽约1.5 km的韧性剪切带中野外和显微变形特征, 判定剪切带为左行剪切, 剪切以走滑分量为主, 兼具部分逆冲分量, 韧性变形呈现中心强, 边缘弱的特点。根据剪切带中花岗岩岩株的形态、变形、岩石地球化学特征以及与区域其它岩体的对比, 判定其为同构造花岗岩。该同构造花岗岩中测得的两个锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(233.2±1.8) Ma和(235.7±1.4) Ma, 代表韧性剪切带形成于晚三叠世初期, 指示南帕米尔地块内部在乳山洋闭合初期已经发生明显的构造变形。     

东昆仑地区昆仑河韧性剪切带的识别、时代厘定及构造意义

位于东昆仑造山带的青海昆仑河地区发育一条走向近东西向的大型韧性剪切带,卷入韧性剪切变形的岩石主要为中—新元古界万宝沟群变质中基性火山岩、碎屑岩和大理岩,奥陶系纳赤台群变质碎屑岩、玄武岩和大理岩,以及古生代(志留纪)中酸性侵入岩,剪切带内的岩石多已发生糜棱岩化。剪切带中发育的σ型旋转碎斑、S-C组构、糜棱面理、石英脉的不对称褶皱等构造标志,总体指示以右行走滑剪切为主,晚期有左行走滑剪切作用叠加。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,剪切带中变形的花岗闪长岩及未变形的白云母花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为432.3±1.2Ma和423.3±1.5Ma,从而限定昆仑河韧性剪切带的形成时代介于中-晚志留世432~423Ma之间。结合区域构造演化特点,认为昆仑河韧性剪切带反映了东昆仑原特提斯洋关闭后,昆北与昆南地块于中-晚志留世碰撞造山运动的构造响应,晚期的左行走滑则可能受控于昆南断裂带燕山早期的左行走滑作用。     

阿尔泰造山带南缘乌恰沟片麻状花岗质侵入体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

新疆富蕴县境内的乌恰沟片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩及沿构造线展布的片麻状细粒花岗岩脉出露在阿尔泰造山带南缘,围岩均为苏普特岩群黑云斜长片麻岩。运用LA-ICP-MS方法对乌恰沟片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩和片麻状细粒花岗岩脉进行锆石U-Pb测年分析。测年结果显示,片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩体的生成年龄为(393.5±4.5)Ma,即形成于早泥盆世,与区域地质背景对比来看,该岩体为碰撞造山阶段所形成;片麻状细粒花岗岩脉的侵入时代为(293.5±6)Ma,表示该区的构造热事件时限。构造变形特征显示片麻状花岗质侵入体与该区左行韧性剪切变形密切相关,据此推测出该地区地层变质变形时代,以及该区左行韧性剪切作用的时限。     

中国东北完达山地区早白垩世同构造岩浆侵位——对晚中生代左行走滑作用的响应

分布于中国东北完达山地区的饶河花岗岩岩体中暗色矿物和斑晶钾长石定向排列,呈北北东走向,其中透镜状闪长质捕掳体近水平排列,局部具有左行剪切的特点。岩体中发育石香肠状石英脉,表明岩体在侵位过程中受到左行剪切作用的影响或制约。对出露的花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得年龄121±1Ma和119±1Ma,表明该岩浆流动形成于早白垩世。同时对围岩辉长岩、侵入岩体中的正长岩脉和辉绿岩脉进行锆石U-Pb年龄分析,分别获得160±1Ma、109±2Ma、124±1Ma的年龄结果。根据各样品中继承锆石的特征,围岩辉长岩的年龄数据很集中,不存在古老锆石的年龄信息。岩浆流动岩体及岩脉中都有太古宙、元古宙等各时代的锆石年龄数据,可能表明完达山地区在约120Ma之前已完成古太平洋板块的俯冲拼贴,饶河岩体形成于走滑环境下的陆内变形,为同构造侵入岩。     

红柳峡韧性剪切带形成时代及其对准噶尔洋盆闭合时限的约束

东准噶尔卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带是新疆一条重要的蛇绿岩带,地质学家对其所代表的准噶尔洋的闭合时限一直存在不同看法.我们在开展东准噶尔区域构造研究的过程中,发现红柳峡地区近东西向的片理带为韧性剪切带、且截切卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带.宏微观构造特征显示其为右旋韧性剪切带,形成于野马泉弧与准噶尔地块的碰撞过程.对韧性剪切带中的博尔羌吉糜棱岩化花岗岩和花岗质超糜棱岩开展了锆石SIMS U-Pb定年研究,结果显示糜棱岩化花岗岩锆石的谐和年龄为348.1±2.8Ma、206Pb/238U年龄的权平均年龄为348.2±2.7Ma,花岗质超糜棱岩锆石谐和年龄为343.2±2.6Ma、206Pb/238U年龄的加权平均年龄为为343.5±2.6Ma.超糜棱岩中的锆石多为新生锆石,其年龄可代表韧性剪切带的形成时间,即该韧性剪切带形成于343.2Ma.这意味着以卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带为代表的准噶尔洋在343Ma前已关闭、东准噶尔地区在早石炭世末期已进入碰撞造山阶段.     

海南东南部韧性剪切变形带锆石U-Pb年代学特征及其地质意义

海南东南部韧性剪切变形带断续出露于芒三水库—吊罗山林场—兴隆—线,走向北东,岩石有构造片麻岩和糜棱岩化花岗岩,主要矿物组成为长石、石英、黑云母.岩石发育“S-C”组构、“δ”型旋转碎斑系、云母鱼等变形组构,指示具有右行剪切活动的特点.根据矿物组成及变形特征,认为其变形环境相当于低角闪岩相,属于沿剪切带侵位并发生同步变形的产物.在芒三水库、吊罗山林场两地测得岩石锆石激光ICP-MS法年龄分别为284.3±1.3 Ma、265.9±1.3 Ma,属二叠纪形成.剪切变形带的发现及其年代学的厘定,对深入研究海南岛构造-岩浆作用具有重要的地质意义.     

西秦岭天水地区新阳—元龙韧性剪切带构造变形特征及其地质意义

西秦岭北缘新阳—元龙韧性剪切带作为西秦岭造山带与北祁连造山带之间的区域韧性构造边界,带内构造样式复杂多样,多期构造叠加,不同部位韧性变形强度不同,兼具左行、右行剪切特征,但以右行为主,宏观构造显示由NNE向SSW斜向逆冲特征,且多被后期构造改造。EBSD组构分析结果显示,石英C轴优选方位指示非共轴变形,显示明显的中温柱面a-中低温菱面-低温底面组构的右行剪切及不太明显的低温底面组构(偶见中低温组构)左行剪切特征;方解石C轴组构显示e1双晶滑移与r1平移滑动,兼具左行、右行剪切特征。组构特征反映该剪切带可能经历了中温—中低温—低温、以右行韧性走滑为主并曾出现过左行逆冲的复杂变形过程,综合分析推断该韧性剪切带经历了低绿片岩相—高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相韧性变形环境。区域对比分析认为,新阳—元龙韧性剪切带响应古生代构造演化的构造变形记录主要为2期:一是志留纪天水—武山洋闭合导致大规模NNE-SSW向的陆-弧或陆-陆碰撞逆冲造成的左行逆冲剪切变形;二是晚泥盆世—早石炭世秦祁结合部位强烈的大规模右行走滑拼贴运动形成的右行剪切变形和反"S"构造样式。     

青藏高原北部发现印支运动的新证据——来自同构造花岗细晶岩脉的响应

在青藏高原北部昆仑山口-甘德断裂与巴颜喀拉山中央断裂之间发育延伸超过100 km的呈雁列排列的花岗细晶岩脉带,这些花岗细晶岩脉走向多为北西向(118°),少量呈南北向(2°)。通过对其宏、微观特征分析研究,并结合在这两组花岗细晶岩脉中分别采获的224.7±0.64 Ma(南北向)与220.5±1.1 Ma(北西向)的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄数据,指出这些花岗细晶岩脉是印支运动的产物,是早印支期可可西里-巴颜喀拉地块向东昆仑地块斜向俯冲过程中,岩浆沿着昆仑山口-甘德北西向冲掩断层下盘(南盘)形成的北西向与南北向两组"X"型共轭剪节理贯入形成的同构造花岗细晶岩脉。两组"X"型共轭剪节理的展布方向揭示了印支运动的主压应力方向,即NNW-SSE向;北西向雁列排列的节理反映其受右行走滑作用控制的特点;花岗细晶岩脉形成的最早时间(224.7±0.64 Ma)代表了这次俯冲走滑事件的时间,也即昆仑山口-甘德断裂的形成时间。     

A Large Ductile Sinistral Strike-Slip Shear Zone and Its Movement Timing in the South Qilian Mountains, Western China

There is a large ductile shear zone, 2 km wide and more than 3SO km long, in the South Qilian Mountains, western China. It is composed of volcanic, granitic and calcareous mylonites. The microstructures of the ductile shear zone show nearly E-W extending subvertical foliation, horizontal and oblique stretching lineations, shearing sense from sinis-tral to oblique sinistral strike-slip from east to west, "A" type folds and abundant granitic veins. Measured lattice preferred orientations (LPOs) of the mylonitic and recrystallized quartz of the granitic mylonite in the west segment suggest a strong LPO characterized by the dominant slip systems {1010} formed at high temperature (>650℃). K-feldspar of the mylonite shows an 39Ar/40Ar high-temperature plateau age of 243.3±1.3 Ma, and biotite, 250.5±0.5 Ma, which represent the formation age of the ductile shear zone. The 39Ar/40Ar plateau ages of 169.7±0.3 Ma and 160.6±0.1 Ma and the 39Ar/40Ar isochron ages of 166.99±2.37 Ma and 160.6±0.1 Ma of biot     

桐柏地区高压变质地体在地壳中的抬升机制

桐柏杂岩位于秦岭与大别造山带之间,南北两侧为NWW-SEE向延伸的含榴辉岩高压变质地体,其构造就位过程及其与高压变质地体的构造关系为地质学家们所关注.本文研究表明,所谓的桐柏杂岩实际上是一个早白垩世花岗质片麻岩杂岩体,其内包裹一定数量的三叠纪中高级变质岩石.桐柏杂岩南北两条边界韧性剪切带具有相反的运动学指向,分别为大型右行和左行韧性剪切带,其形成时代为131Ma.这两条韧性剪切带中的剪切面理分别朝SSW和NNE向倾斜,韧性剪切带及杂岩体内部发育的拉伸线理均稳定地朝SEE方向缓倾伏.而在杂岩体的东端发育低角度近南北向韧性剪切变形带,其糜棱面理朝SEE方向低角度缓倾斜,矿物拉伸线理也朝SEE方向低角度缓倾伏,运动学标志指示东侧地质体朝295°～310°的方向逆冲.因此,桐柏杂岩实际上被一个顺造山带的韧性剪切带所围限,这个韧性剪切带及杂岩体内部韧性变形运动学指示了一个早白垩世由东向西的低角度抬升过程,而这一过程直接导致了含榴辉岩高压变质地体沿着造山带的方向从地壳深部抬升到近地表.这一研究结果对理解和认识桐柏-大别-苏鲁地区高压一超高压变质地体的晚期抬升过程具有重要意义.     

New <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar/<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar age constraints on the Late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the western Tianshan (Xinjiang,northwestern China), with emphasis on Permian fluid ingress

Laser-probe dating of mylonite whole-rock samples from the North Tianshan—Main Tianshan fault zone that cross-cuts the North Tianshan domain’s southern margin yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar spectra with 255–285 Ma ages. Biotite from an undeformed, Early Carboniferous granite, which cuts the steep mylonitic foliation in the Proterozoic basement of the Yili arcs’s southern margin, gave a 263.4 ± 0.6 Ma plateau age (1σ). Pre-Carboniferous metasediments overlying this basement yielded plateau ages (1σ) of 253.3 ± 0.3 (muscovite) and 252.3 ± 0.3 (biotite) Ma. The Permian ages of mylonites date movement on these ductile, dextral strike-slip shear zones, whereas the mica ages are interpreted by recrystallisation as a result of fluid flow around such transcurrent faults. We propose that the Tianshan’s Permian syn-tectonic bimodal magmatism was created in a non-plume-related Yellowstone-like extensional–transtensional tectonic regime. Gold mineralisation, tracing aqueous flow in the crust, peaked in Permian time and continued locally into the Triassic. The picture is emerging that a convective fluid system partly driven by magmatic heat, existed in a strongly fractured and weakened crust with an elevated heat flow, leading to regional-scale isotope resetting. We suggest that surprisingly young isotopic ages in the literature for early orogenic (ultra)high-pressure metamorphism are similarly due to fluid-mediated recrystallisation.     

Characterization of wrench tectonics from dating of syn- to post-magmatism in the north-western French Massif Central

This work establishes the relative timing of pluton emplacement and regional deformation from new dating and structural data. (1) Monazite and (2) zircon dating show Tournaisian ages for the Guéret granites [Aulon granite 352 ± 5 Ma (1), 351 ± 5 Ma (2) and Villatange tonalite 353 ± 6 Ma (1)] and Viseo-Namurian ages for the north Millevaches granites [Chavanat granite 336 ± 4 Ma (1), Goutelle granite 336 ± 3 Ma (1), Royère granite 323 ± 2 Ma (1) and 328 ± 6 Ma (2), Courcelles granite 318 ± 3 Ma (1)]. The Guéret and Millevaches granites are separated by the N110 Arrènes–la Courtine Shear Zone (ACSZ), composed from West to East by the Arrènes Fault (AF), the North Millevaches Shear Zone (NMSZ) and the la Courtine Shear Zone (CSZ), respectively. Tournaisian Guéret granites experienced a non-coaxial dextral shearing (NMSZ) recorded by the Villatange granite while the Aulon granite (Guéret granite) cuts across this dextral shear zone which thus stopped shearing during Tournaisian time. Visean to Namurian Millevaches granites experienced a coaxial deformation. Therefore, low displacements along the NMSZ and the CSZ occurred at the emplacement time of Chavanat and Pontarion-Royère granites (336–323 Ma). The structural analyses of Goutelle granite emphasizes a deformation related to the dextral Creuse Fault System (CFS) oriented N150–N160. From 360 to 300 Ma, the Z strain axis is always horizontal inferring a wrench setting for these granite emplacements. During this tectonic evolution, the Argentat zone acted as a minor normal fault and is related with a local Middle Visean (340–335 Ma) syn-orogenic extension on the western border of the Millevaches massif.     

Palaeozoic late collisional strike-slip deformations in Tianshan and Altay, Eastern Xinjiang, NW China

ABSTRACT In Central Asia, thrusts and shear zones resulting from Palaeozoic accretional events were reworked by E–W-trending ductile strike-slip faults during late Palaeozoic–early Mesozoic time. In the Tianshan range, microstructures and quartz C-axis fabrics show a main dextral shearing associated with sinistral localized shear zones. The relationship between these conjugate structures indicates a NNW–SSE-trending bulk shortening. In the Chinese Altay mountains, the existence of δ-type microstructures in an important sinistral mylonitic zone infers high rates of deformation. This shear zone is bordered by a late dextral ductile fault synchronous with a granite emplacement. Field evidence and datings from the literature provide chronological constraints. In the late Carboniferous, the sinistral mylonitic deformation took place in the Erqishi–Irtysh shear zone in the northeastern part of Xinjiang and in Kazakhstan. During the Early Permian, a regional dextral event occurred in the Tianshan range and under the whole of northern Xinjiang.     

北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带的同位素年代学及其地质意义

北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带位于祁连地块与北祁连俯冲碰撞杂岩带边界 ,长约 80 0km ,走向NWW SEE ,面理向北陡倾 ,中西部宽 5～ 6km ,东部由四条呈帚状撒开的强应变带组成。构造指向及向南东低角度倾伏的拉伸线理揭示出韧性剪切带的右行走滑和转换挤压性质。TIMS法测定的单颗粒锆石U Pb上交点年龄为 96 5～ 95 6Ma ,代表韧性剪切带原岩———基底变质岩的变质时代。糜棱岩中钾长石、黑云母单矿物40 Ar/ 3 9Ar同位素测年结果及与地层和岩浆活动的关系表明韧性剪切带形成于 4 4 0～ 380Ma。北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带是在祁连加里东造山带形成过程中 ,祁连地块与阿拉善地块间斜向碰撞诱发大规模转换挤压作用的产物。     

Structure and geochronology of the Tongbai complex and their implications for the evolution of the Tongbai orogenic belt,central China

The Tongbai orogenic belt has an overall antiformal geometry and the hinge of the antiform is sub-horizontal and trends NW–SE. The Tongbai complex (TBC) in the core of the antiform is bounded by the S-dipping Yindian–Malong shear zone in the south, the sub-horizontal Taibaiding shear zone at the top and the N-dipping Hongyihe–Tongbai shear zone in the north. The three shear zones have dextral, top-to-NW and sinistral movement, respectively. They are parts of a single shear zone, termed the Tongbai shear zone, that has a uniform top-to-NW sense of shear. Three samples of deformed granitoid (mylonite or protomylonite) from the shear zone have U–Pb zircon ages of 145 ± 6 Ma, 142 ± 2 Ma and 131 ± 6 Ma, respectively. An L-tectonite in the TBC yielded a metamorphic age of 137 ± 8 Ma and a migmatite an age of 137 ± 1 Ma. The Tongbai shear zone is intruded by undeformed Early Cretaceous granite and dykes and deformation in the shear zone is constrained to ca. 140–135 Ma, synchronous with metamorphism and migmatization in the TBC. Early Cretaceous magma emplacement and the associated uplift modified the TBC into a gentle antiform and the uplift may have continued to ca. 102–85 Ma. Similar geometry and kinematics have been documented in the Dabie orogenic belt to the east, which suggests that the Central Orogenic Belt in China probably experienced a uniform orogen-parallel extension and top-to-NW shearing in the ductile lithosphere in the Early Cretaceous.