澳大利亚北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo三角洲陆源有机质分布特征

北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo组发育巨型浅水辫状河三角洲——Mungaroo三角洲。利用钻井、岩心资料,并结合区域地质背景,将Mungaroo三角洲划分为近端三角洲平原、远端三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲4个沉积亚相,其中近端三角洲平原与远端三角洲平原亚相分布广泛,三角洲前缘与前三角洲亚相欠发育。陆源有机质分析表明:(1)研究区目的层段沉积时期,在环特提斯洋巨型季风洪水的影响下,泥炭沼泽普遍遭受冲刷改造,有机质类型主要为分散有机质,仅远端三角洲平原发育薄煤层;(2)不同相带受季风洪水的影响差异较大,近端三角洲平原受洪水改造强烈,砂砾岩发育,夹薄层泥岩,泥岩中有机质显微组分主要为惰质组,镜质组大部分遭受氧化;(3)远端三角洲平原的沼泽沉积尽管受到洪水频繁冲刷,但仍发育多套薄煤层,泥岩中陆源有机质最为丰富,显微组分以镜质组为主;(4)三角洲前缘和前三角洲相带窄,沉积物中陆源有机质含量较低。远端三角洲平原烃源岩有机质生烃潜力最大,除发育广泛的薄煤层外,暗色泥岩中平均TOC含量可达4.11％。上述沉积相带与陆源有机质分布规律体现了强季风洪水影响下大型辫状河三角洲的沉积特点。     

澳大利亚北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo组油气勘探潜力分析

对澳大利亚北卡那封盆地三叠系古构造、古气候及古沉积等的系统分析表明,北卡那封盆地三叠纪时期位于环特提斯洋季风影响的海洋性潮湿气候带,地形宽缓,构造稳定,物源供给充足,发育了独具特色的大型浅水辫状河三角洲——Mungaroo三角洲。三角洲发育广阔的三角洲平原相带,平原相带上煤层、碳质泥岩广泛发育,暗色泥岩中陆源有机质含量高,季风影响下洪泛作用频繁,使得中粗砂岩与富含陆源有机质泥岩频繁互层。大型浅水辫状河三角洲为北卡那封盆地天然气富集提供了优质的气源岩、良好的生储盖组合,同生断层的发育为天然气提供运移通道同时也形成大量的构造圈闭。综合研究表明盆地中Exmouth高地北部构造带是三叠系下一步重点勘探领域。     

澳大利亚North Carnarvon盆地三叠系Mungaroo组砂岩储层物性和主控因素分析

North Carnarvon盆地三叠系Mungaroo组发育典型的海陆过渡相浅水三角洲,三角洲平原亚相分布广,薄煤层广泛发育。通过岩心、薄片的观察鉴定以及测井资料、扫描电镜、黏土矿物等的分析得到三叠系储层Mungaroo组砂岩类型主要为石英砂岩和长石石英砂岩,具有结构成熟度低、成分成熟度高的特点,不同相带与构造单元砂岩物性差异较大。菱铁矿、高岭石、石英加大边与海绿石是控制Mungaroo组储层物性的典型成岩矿物类型,体现了海陆过渡相砂岩的成岩特点。近端三角洲平原亚相砂岩长石早期溶蚀生成大量土状高岭石与伊利石,且菱铁矿含量较高,充填大量原生粒间孔隙;而远端三角洲平原亚相保留了大量原生粒间孔及长石溶解形成的次生孔,储层物性较好;三角洲前缘亚相砂岩钙质及海绿石胶结物普遍发育,储层物性较差。Dampier坳陷和Barrow坳陷区埋深大,加上砂岩石英颗粒含量高,石英次生加大强烈,碎屑颗粒以线接触—缝合线接触为主;而在紧邻的Exmouth低隆起和Rankin断隆带等低隆起区由于上覆地层厚度较薄,砂岩压实程度较低,普遍发育优质储层。     

三角洲—浅海沉积体系陆源有机质沉积模拟实验研究——以琼东南盆地崖南凹陷崖城组为例

陆源有机质在三角洲—浅海沉积体系中扮演着重要的角色,越来越多的深水区油气勘探实践发现存在陆源有机质的贡献,在琼东南盆地崖城组烃源岩甚至以陆源有机质为主,这引起了诸多学者的关注,但由于深水区烃源岩埋深较大、钻井较少,限制了该地区烃源岩研究及勘探进展。为明确陆源有机质分布特征,以琼东南盆地崖南凹陷崖城组地质背景为基础,设计陆源有机质沉积的水槽实验,用“正演”的方法对陆源有机质沉积过程进行观察,并对沉积结果进行取样,对样品进行粒度分析及TOC分析,结合大量分析测试数据及已有的现代河口陆源有机质分布研究实例,对陆源有机质分布特征进行分析,并建立分布模式。结果表明,由物源向深水区方向,陆源有机碳含量呈先增大后减小的趋势,在三角洲前缘—浅海过渡区出现最大值,古地形坡度越缓,水动力环境越弱,三角洲发育范围受限,陆源有机质搬运最远距离向物源方向迁移。     

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷渐新统陵水组 沉积特征及烃源岩发育模式

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷深层渐新统陵水组烃源岩的沉积成因机制和发育分布规律,成为制约现阶段深水区油气勘探的关键问题。综合应用二维地震资料和钻井资料,将陵水组地层划分为3个三级层序。在层序地层格架内,共识别出丘状、楔状前积、斜交前积、席状、下切充填、波状等典型地震相类型。依据地震沉积学理论进行了沉积相解释,识别出滨岸平原、浅海、半深海、海底扇、扇三角洲等5种沉积相类型,并分层序分析了受分隔性古隆起影响的滨浅海沉积体系的平面展布特征。结合地球化学资料,建立了滨岸平原含煤系烃源岩和陆源海相烃源岩的沉积发育模式:腐殖型含煤系烃源岩主要分布于陵水凹陷东侧松南低凸起和南侧陵南低凸起边缘的滨岸平原相带内,有机质来源为陆生高等植物;陆源海相烃源岩主要发育于扇三角洲体系与浅海相、半深海相的过渡带,有机质来源为陆生高等植物与水生生物的混合。     

淮南煤田石炭-二叠系泥页岩层系分布与沉积环境分析

基于钻孔岩心观察、室内试验测试以及结合前人研究成果,探讨了淮南煤田石炭-二叠系泥页岩层系分布特点及其沉积环境演化。结果表明:太原组、山西组和下石盒子组、上石盒子组均发育了不同厚度的泥页岩层系,泥岩岩石类型包括粉砂质泥岩、暗色泥岩和高岭石泥岩。太原组发育浅海相的碳酸盐岩和碎屑组成的含煤沉积,部分沼泽、湖泊相发育了泥岩;山西组为海退系列的水下三角洲平原沉积,下部厚约10m的暗色泥岩段有机质含量相对较高,为研究区内主要赋页岩气层段,上部为分流河道沉积,泥岩发育不稳定;下石盒子组与上石盒子组河流作用增强,沉积环境更靠近陆地一侧,不利于有机质的聚集,沉积泥岩有机质含量相对较低。山西组和下石盒子组为本区富有机质泥岩的富集层段,更具生气潜力。     

黑龙江七星河含煤盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积相及层序地层特征

黑龙江省东部七星河盆地是一新生代聚煤盆地,其含煤地层为古近系宝泉岭组、新近系富锦组。宝泉岭组由各级砂岩、泥岩、炭质泥岩以及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、三角洲平原相,属于湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系。富锦组主要由泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、含砾粗砂岩及煤层、炭质泥岩、硅藻岩组成,发育滨浅湖相、扇三角洲平原相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和扇三角洲沉积体系。层序SI相当于宝泉岭组,发育低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,煤层主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SII相当于富锦组,主要发育湖侵体系域、高位体系域,局部地区发育低位体系域,煤层亦主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以扇三角洲淤积沼泽和滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SI、SII的高位体系域中后期,盆地基底沉降速率和物源供给处于相对平衡状态,主要发育了扇三角洲淤积沼泽、滨浅湖和滨浅湖淤积沼泽环境,发育可采煤层。     

巴彦浩特盆地石炭系沉积相及沉积演化

研究了巴彦浩特盆地石炭系的沉积类型及特征,探讨了石炭系不同阶段的沉积演化。巴彦浩特盆地石炭系发育泻湖-潮坪、三角洲-扇三角洲及滨-浅海三大沉积体系。沉积演化经历了早期蒸发性海湾、中期浅海盆地、晚期陆缘广海的过程。泻湖相堡坝亚相、三角洲相前缘亚相以及滨海相席状砂亚相是砂岩储层分布和发育的最有利相带。     

柴北缘鱼卡地区大煤沟组七段页岩岩相特征及沉积演化模式

近年来,中国陆相盆地页岩油成为油气勘探开发的热点和难点。笔者以柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统大煤沟组七段为研究对象,通过岩心、普通薄片观察、有机地化、X衍射等实验,研究了大煤沟组七段的岩相特征、沉积演化模式,为优质烃源岩的发育分布提供理论依据。研究结果表明,该段共发育6种岩相,垂向上可划分为3个沉积阶段。阶段A为温湿气候下的三角洲前缘、浅湖环境,发育贫有机质块状黏土质、硅质泥岩相,强陆源输入导致水体富氧,使该阶段页岩油气潜力较差,TOC平均为0.79%;阶段B为构造沉降作用下半深湖-深湖环境,发育富有机质块状黏土质泥岩相,深湖还原环境为有机质提供了良好保存条件,使该阶段页岩油气潜力较高,TOC平均为4.16 %;阶段C为干旱气候、构造沉降共同控制的半深湖-深湖环境,发育富有机质纹层状钙质、富黏土钙质、黏土质泥岩相,湖水咸化分层提供了良好的有机质保存条件,适应性藻类勃发提供了高生产力,使该阶段页岩油气潜力最高,TOC平均为5.03%。     

松辽盆地中央坳陷滨北地区上白垩统青山口组沉积相与沉积演化

通过岩心和测井资料分析,系统地研究了松辽盆地中央坳陷滨北地区上白垩统青山口组的沉积特征;采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制出了研究区上白垩统青山口组各亚段的砂岩含量、暗色泥岩含量和紫红色泥岩含量等单因素图件,在此基础上做出沉积相图,深入分析了研究区沉积演化规律。研究表明,青山口组主要发育三角洲和湖泊2种沉积相,进一步分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖4种沉积亚相。从研究区边缘到中心,沉积相类型由三角洲平原亚相渐变为三角洲前缘、滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖亚相;自下而上由半深湖-深湖亚相逐渐变为滨浅湖、三角洲前缘、三角洲平原亚相。青山口组沉积时期可划分为青山口组沉积早期、青山口组沉积中期和青山口组沉积晚期。不同时期、不同构造单元的沉积特征表现各异,从青山口组沉积早期到青山口组沉积晚期,研究区湖盆发育总体表现出规模由大到小的特点。     

Petroleum geology and exploration direction of gas province in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin,Australia

North Carnarvon Basin is a gas province with minor oily sweet spots in deepwater area with water depth more than 500 m, which is one of the hot spots of global petroleum exploration for its series of giant hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years. However, the degree of oil and gas exploration in deepwater area is still low, and the conditions for oil and gas accumulation are not clear. Based on the current exploration situation and latest database of fields, applying multidisciplinary analysis of hydrocarbon geology, hydrocarbon accumulation elements and its exploration direction of North Carnarvon Basin in deepwater area are analyzed. The results show that there are three sets of main source rocks in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin, which are Triassic marine shale in Locker Formation and delta coal-bearing mudstone with thin carbonaceous mudstone in Mungaroo Formation, Lower –Middle Jurassic paralic carbargilite and coal measure strata in Athol Formation and Murat Formation, Cretaceous delta mudstone in Barrow Group and marine shale in Muderong Formation. Most source rock samples show gas-prone capability. The coarse sandstone of delta facies in Middle–Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation is the most important reservoir in deepwater area, Lower Cretaceous Barrow Group deep-water gravity flow or underwater fan turbidite sandstone is the secondly main reservoir. Lower Cretaceous marine shale in Muderong Formation is most important regional caprock. Triassic mudstone in Mungaroo Formation is an important interlayer caprock in deepwater area. There are two main reservoir accumulation assemblages in deepwater area, one is Triassic structural-unconformity plane reservoir accumulation assemblage of Locker Formation to Mungaroo Formation, and the other is Lower–Middle Jurassic Athol Formation and Murat Formation–Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic lithology-structural reservoir accumulation assemblage of Barrow Group to Muderong Formation. There are three main control factors of hydrocarbon Accumulation: One is coupling of source and seal control hydrocarbon distribution area, the second is multi-stage large wave dominated deltas dominate accumulation zone, the third is direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in hydrocarbon-rich generation depression was controlled by overpressure. The south of Exmouth platform in deepwater area is adjacent to hydrocarbon rich depression zone, reservoir assemblage is characterized by “near source rocks, excellent reservoir facies, high position and excellent caprocks ”, which is the main battlefield of deepwater oil and gas exploration in North Carnarvon Basin at present. There are a lot of fault block traps in the northern structural belt of Exmouth platform, and the favorable sedimentary facies belt at the far end of delta plain in Mungaroo Formation is widely distributed, which is the next favorable exploration zone. The Lower Cretaceous, which is located at the concave edge uplift adjacent to the investigator depression and the Exmouth platform, also has a certain exploration prospect in northwest of deepwater area.     

The Pangaea Megamonsoon records: Evidence from the Triassic Mungaroo Formation,Northwest Shelf of Australia

An integrated analysis in this study of paleogeographic, paleontologic, seismic and sedimentologic data has been used to explain the effect of the Pangaean megamonsoon on the whole Triassic (especially the Middle–Late Triassic Mungaroo Formation) in the North Carnarvon Basin, Northwest Shelf of Australia. Our results show that the three Triassic formations from bottom to top (Locker Shale, Mungaroo Formation and Brigadier Formation) comprise a complete depositional cycle and correspond to an undeveloped, strong, and weak monsoon periods, respectively. During the strong monsoon period of the Mungaroo Formation, the palynological evidences exhibited mixture spore-pollen characteristics of the hygrophytic assemblage (spore-pollen from the pteridophyte spores, seed ferns and cycads pollen in humid environment of lowlands and coastal plain) and the xerophytic assemblage (pollen from the drought tolerant plants of the interior mountainous areas). The sedimentary evidences of the Mungaroo Formation show low-angle shingled progradational seismic reflection configuration. The highly seasonal variations in precipitation during deposition of the Mungaroo Formation exhibited typical “sandwiched” depositional characteristics of coarse channels sandstone (fining-upward fluvial aggradational cycles (FACs) with poor to moderately sorting and angular to subangular roundness), organic mudstone and coal seam interbedded. Finally, in contrast to today's typical examples of Poyang Lake Delta, a shallow-water braided delta conceptual depositional model of the Mungaroo Formation is formed with a large proximal and distal delta plain, and small delta front. The model results serve mainly to indicate the importance of various climate-forming factors (climate, topography, eustatic), whereas tectonic activity unlikely played any significant role in this process.     

重庆北碚河西洞上三叠统须家河组一段上部剖面沉积相分析

对重庆北碚上三叠统须家河组一段地层特征、岩性特征、沉积相及演化规律进行了系统研究。研究区须一段以灰色、褐灰色细砂岩及深灰色、灰黑色页岩、粉砂质泥（页）岩夹薄煤层为主,见炭化植物碎片及菱铁矿结核,砂岩类型主要为长石岩屑石英砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩,大型槽状交错层理、平行层理、水平层理及沙纹层理发育。综合分析认为研究区须一段属浅水三角洲沉积环境,包括三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲3种亚相,可进一步划分出水上（水下）分支河道、沼泽、支流间湾、河口砂坝等沉积微相。其垂向序列反映了沉积环境三角洲平原-三角洲前缘-前三角洲-三角洲平原的演化过程。     

滇西洱源县军马场下三叠统青天堡组冲积扇-三角洲沉积体系研究

滇西洱源县位于扬子地块西南缘丽江拗陷盆地南侧。在详细野外剖面测量和室内分析的基础上,对研究区下三叠统青天堡组地层的宏观特征（颜色、原生沉积构造）、物质组分、岩石结构及古生物特征等进行了系统研究,划分出冲积扇、河流、三角洲3类沉积相,并进一步划分出河道充填、三角洲前缘和前三角洲3个沉积亚相及辨状河道、洪泛平原、水下分流河道、分流河道间、河口砂坝、席状砂6个沉积微相。研究表明,军马场下三叠统青天堡组垂向上表现为冲积扇—河流—三角洲的退积型沉积特征,表明在早三叠世青天堡时期盐源-丽江盆地发生了大规模海侵,盆地水体加深,军马场地区经历了由陆相到海相的沉积演化序列。     

高邮凹陷北斜坡戴二段辫状河三角洲沉积特征和演化

以岩心、录井、测井、分析化验和地震资料为基础,结合区域地质背景,对高邮凹陷北斜坡戴二段沉积相类型、展布及其演化规律进行研究。在总结、比较各类型三角洲特征的前提下,认定北斜坡戴二段主要发育辫状河三角洲相,局部发育曲流河三角洲和湖泊相。在此基础上,重点对戴二段辫状河三角洲各亚相、微相进行分析,划分出辫状河三角洲平原、辫状河三角洲前缘和前辫状河三角洲亚相,并针对各亚相对其包含的微相进行进一步划分。在综合考虑目标区域沉积背景和沉积特征的基础上,对沉积相展布和演化进行分析,并对辫状河三角洲形成机理进行了探讨。     

胜坨油田一区沙河街组二段1—3砂组测井-沉积相分析

本文在建立取芯井段岩-电转换关系及测井相-沉积相解释模型的基础上,对沙二段1—3砂组进行了详细的沉积相分析。确定其主要为辫状河三角洲沉积体系的水上平原沉积,次为三角洲前缘沉积;识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲3个亚相及分流河道河床、心滩、边滩等11个微相类型;并对各微相类型的沉积特征和剖面结构进行了讨论。     

南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系—侏罗系天然气水合物潜在气源岩地质特征

通过对南祁连盆地木里坳陷石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系等4套层系5条剖面的野外测量及室内地质分析,明确了该区天然气水合物潜在气源岩的岩性特征、沉积相类型及沉积演化过程。石炭系—二叠系整体以出露中厚层砂岩夹薄层泥岩为主要特征,沉积浅海陆棚相、滨岸相和三角洲相,由于断层发育致使局部地层厚度减薄且泥质岩大部分缺失,可能难以成为天然气水合物潜在气源岩;上三叠统整体以发育中薄层泥岩与中薄至中厚层砂岩互层为主要特征,沉积相类型为潮坪相、湖泊相和河流相,泥岩累积厚度较大,是天然气水合物主要潜在气源岩;中侏罗统整体上以发育厚层泥岩、砂岩为主要特征,沉积相类型为辫状河相、三角洲相和湖泊相,是天然气水合物次要的潜在气源岩。研究结果为南祁连盆地木里坳陷天然气水合物气源岩研究提供了重要地质依据。     

Progressive changes in sedimentary facies and stratal patterns along the strike-slip margin,northeastern Jinan Basin (Cretaceous), southwest Korea: implications for differential subsidence

In strike-slip basins, proximal stratal patterns are a function of displacement on basin-bounding faults. In order to better understand factors that control changes in sedimentary facies and stratal patterns of the northeastern part of the Jinan Basin (Cretaceous), a strike-slip basin, we made a detailed analysis of sedimentary facies, depositional architecture and paleoflows. The sedimentary successions can be grouped into five facies associations representing five depositional environments: (1) facies association FA I (alluvial fan); (2) FA II (small-scale Gilbert-type delta); (3) FA III (large-scale, steep delta slope); (4) FA IV (base of large-scale, steep delta slope and prodelta); and (5) FA V (lacustrine plain). The successions are divided into two distinct sedimentary fills on the basis of facies associations, depositional architecture and paleocurrents: (1) marginal fill and (2) longitudinal fill. The marginal fill (ca. 3.2 km thick) is present along the strike-slip basin-bounding fault. The lower part of the marginal fill (ca. 1.3 km thick) consists of alluvial-fan deposits (FA I) along the bounding fault which are transitional northward to small-scale Gilbert-type delta (FA II) and lacustrine plain (FA V) deposits. The upper part of the marginal fill (ca. 1.9 km thick) contains large-scale, steep delta slope (FA III) and base of delta slope/prodelta (FA IV) deposits accompanied with a northward change in facies associations. In the marginal fill, the successive alluvial fan, small-scale Gilbert-type delta and large-scale, steep delta/prodelta deposits are overlapped (shingled) northeastward. The longitudinal fill (ca. 2 km thick) is characterized by eastward overlapped stacks of large-scale, steep delta slope (FA III) and base of delta slope/prodelta (FA IV) deposits with a westward progradation. The longitudinal fill was overstepped by the marginal fill. The northeastward shingled geometry of the marginal fill was most likely caused by sinistral strike-slip displacements on the basin-bounding fault. The slightly oblique (northward) progradation of the marginal fill was due to the northward basin-floor tilting. In the marginal fill, the progressive changes in facies and depositional architecture from the lower alluvial fan/small-scale Gilbert-type delta to the upper large-scale, steep delta/prodelta are suggestive of increase in basin subsidence along the strike-slip basin margin that was closely related to the variation in displacement on the basin-bounding fault. The sinistral strike-slip movements on the bounding fault also caused the eastward overlapping of the longitudinal fill.     

东营凹陷博东潜山周缘古近系沙河街组沉积相及沉积体系演化

在对地震、测井、录井及岩心沉积特征等研究的基础上,分析了石村断层的发育特征及其对博东潜山演化的控制作用,系统研究了沙河街组时期沉积相的演化与分布规律。研究表明:石村断层控制了博东潜山的演化,沙四段—沙三下亚段沉积时期,博东潜山快速隆升,对山体两侧沉积面貌影响较大,而对沙二段上部及其上覆地层的影响不明显。研究区沙四上亚段沉积时期到沙三下亚段沉积时期主要发育三角洲前缘和前三角洲亚相,滨浅湖亚相的滩坝、生物滩沉积,以及半深湖—深湖沉积;沙三中亚段沉积时期到沙一段沉积时期主要发育三角洲前缘、前三角洲亚相以及滨浅湖亚相的生物滩等沉积。受石村断层和博东潜山的共同影响,早期(沙四上亚段—沙三上亚段)南北两翼相分异,晚期(沙二下亚段—沙一段)南北两翼相一致。