小尺度海洋空间规划分区适宜性研究——以大连金普新区为例

我国目前海洋空间规划方面的研究,主要从国家、省级角度出发进行区划与规划,选择省级管辖海域以及大范围的重点海域进行区划,但在小尺度、精细化的海洋空间规划上,仍然缺乏系统的理论与技术方法研究。本文借鉴国土空间开发适宜性评价方法,构建适用于小尺度海洋空间的分区适宜性评价方法,将海洋空间分为“三区一线”(海洋生态空间、海洋生物资源利用空间、建设用海空间和海洋生态保护红线)。并以大连金普新区为例进行验证,提出合理的大连金普新区海洋空间规划方案,为区域海洋综合管理工作提供策略指导和管理参考,并为小尺度海洋空间规划的分区研究提供理论与技术依据。     

韩国京畿湾示范工程海洋空间规划的经验与启示

文章在介绍韩国海洋空间规划的发展沿革和编制流程的基础上,以京畿湾示范工程为例,研究海洋空间规划的编制方法,重点包括建立海洋空间调查和信息体系、开发并应用基于海洋生态系统的管理方法、设定示范海域的核心价值和目标以及促进利害关系人的参与等方面,为完善我国海洋功能区划制度提供借鉴和参考。     

建立科学的海域使用管理新机制 推动海洋经济可持续发展

为了进一步贯彻落实《海域使用管理法》，全面提高对海域的综合管理能力，推进海洋事业在国民经济和社会发展中的地位与作用，国家海洋局海域管理司与《海洋开发与管理》杂志社联合开展“海域使用管理”有奖征文活动。从2005年第4期开始，征文已陆续在本刊“海域使用管理专栏”中刊登。[编者按]     

县域海洋功能区划的思考--以东台市为例

海洋功能区划是根据海域及相邻陆域的自然资源条件、环境状况和地理区位,并考虑到海洋开发利用现状和经济社会发展的需要,而划定的具有特定主导功能、有利于资源的合理利用,能够发挥最佳效益的区域,然后,按各类海洋功能区的标准把某一海域划分为不同类型的海洋功能区单元的一项开发与管理的基础性工作。按照《中国21世纪议程》和《中国海洋事业的发展》白皮书及《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》,     

整治陆源污染 净化海洋环境

为了进一步贯彻落实《海域使用管理法》,全面提高对海域的综合管理能力,推进海洋事业在国民经济和社会发展中的地位与作用,国家海洋局海域管理司与《海洋开发与管理》杂志社联合开展“海域使用管理”有奖征文活动。从2005年第4期开始,征文已陆续在本刊“海域使用管理专栏”中刊登。     

加强海洋生志环境保护 促进海水养殖业可持续发展——关于江苏省东台市海洋环境保护工作的调查报告

为了进一步贯彻落实《海域使用管理法》，全面提高对海域的综合管理能力，推进海洋事业在国民经济和社会发展中的地位与作用，国家海洋局海域管理司与《海洋开发与管理》杂志社联合开展“海域使用管理”有奖征文活动。从本期开始，征文将陆续在本刊“海域使用管理专栏”中刊登。     

基于ArcGIS的江苏省连云区海洋空间规划分区研究

文章以江苏省连云港市连云区海域为研究区，提出了兼顾海洋资源开发与生态环境保护的海洋空间规划分区体系，包括工业与城镇建设区、生物资源利用区和生态保护区3个类别；构建了海洋环境生态承载力评价和海洋开发利用适宜性评价指标体系，基于ArcGIS完成了规划区网格划分和相关评价，并据此进行叠置分析，完成连云区海域分区的空间划分，其中工业与城镇建设区总面积占比为23.58%、生物资源利用区占55.52%、生态保护区占20.90%。海洋空间规划分区体系和基于ArcGIS划分方法在连云区的应用实践表明，该方法体系能够较好地协调海洋保护与开发的空间格局划分，可以为我国海洋空间规划分区研究和实践提供借鉴。     

国土空间规划体系改革背景下海洋空间规划的发展

文章立足国家提出推进治理体系与治理能力现代化的战略要求,剖析当前在国土空间规划改革背景下,海洋空间规划面临的主要挑战及调整的方向,以期为构建科学的海洋空间规划体系提供建议和参考。研究认为未来的海洋空间规划,必须准确把握陆域和海域空间治理的整体性和独特性,加强陆海统筹,协调匹配陆海主体功能定位、空间格局划定、开发强度管控、发展方向和管制原则设计、政策制定和制度安排,促进陆海一体化发展和保护。     

浙江省海域开发多宜性研究

海域开发适宜性评价对于海洋空间规划具有基础性指导作用,而现有的海域开发适宜性研究大多针对某一种海域用途开展适宜性评价,缺乏系统性的指导框架。文章构建海域开发多宜性研究方法,并将其应用于浙江海域。通过选取4类典型海域用途构建适宜性评价指标体系,基于适宜性评价结果开展多宜性和兼容性分析,最后根据分析结果提出浙江海域兼容开发利用的策略和建议。评价结果表明,各类海域用途的空间适宜区存在不同程度的重叠,具备开发多宜性;不同成对用海之间存在一定兼容性,具备兼容开发利用的可能。基于海域开发适宜性研究,深入探讨海洋开发利用的多宜性和兼容性,对于推动海洋空间资源的充分、协调开发利用具有重要意义。     

贯彻科学发展观 促进海域使用管理

自《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》颁布实施五年来,海域使用管理从“无法可依”转变为“依法行政”,海洋功能区划从“科研成果”转化为“政府文件”,海域勘界工作从“方案提出”进入“界线划定”,我国的海域使用管理工作开始进入科学化、规范化、法制化的轨道。实践证明,《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》(以下简称《海域法》)颁布以来,我国海域的开发活动较之前更持科学态度和尽力追求做到经济效益、环境效益和生态效益的和谐统一的理念正在大众中推广和形成。社会各界对依法用海和有偿用海的海洋意识也经历了一个逐步提高和深入的过程。…     

Marine spatial planning: Lessons learned from the Portuguese debate

This paper presents and discusses legal, methodological and political frameworks for the development of the proposed Portuguese Marine Spatial Plan initiated in 2008. It considers lessons learned and is informed by discussions that have taken place since publication of the ‘Roadmap for Maritime Spatial Planning: Achieving Common Principles in the EU’. New goals are based on horizontal planning tools that cut across sea-related sectoral policies and support joined up policy making. It is in this context that Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) emerged as an essential process for sustainable decision making. The OSPAR Commission undertook an overview of national planning systems within its administrative boundaries, which confirmed spatial plans reduced conflicts. However, problems exist accessing good quality data and dealing with entrenched sectoral views. Furthermore, the transboundary nature of marine resources requires cooperation between neighbouring states. In 2006, Portugal developed a ‘National Sea Strategy’ that recognized the importance of developing its maritime space while valuing marine habitats and biodiversity. MSP development of the Portuguese sea commenced in 2008 and findings are now evaluated. They showed adaptation of existing tools to be possible and desirable, provided undertaken cautiously and found conceptual ambiguities were barriers to conflict resolution. Furthermore they showed management strategies should be designed and analysed on a case by case basis, recognising temporal and spatial variations.     

The international legal framework for marine spatial planning

Increasing demand for ocean resources, both living and non-living, have already lead to loss of biodiversity, habitat depletion and irreversible damage to the marine environment. Furthermore, introduction of new kinds of sea uses, spatial extension of ongoing sea uses and the need to better protect and conserve the marine biological diversity will result in increasing conflicts among the various users, as well as between the users and the environment. Marine spatial planning as a process to allocate space for specific uses can help to avoid user conflicts, to improve the management of marine spatial claims, and to sustain an ecosystem-based management of ocean and seas. This article explores the rights and duties towards exploitation and protection of the marine environment under the jurisdiction of coastal states as reflected in two important global conventions, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Both Conventions provide the main legal framework for marine spatial planning that have to be taken into account in planning at the regional and national level.     

Biogeographic assessments: A framework for information synthesis in marine spatial planning

This paper presents the Biogeographic Assessment Framework (BAF), a decision support process for marine spatial planning (MSP), developed through two decades of close collaborations between scientists and marine managers. Spatial planning is a considerable challenge for marine stewardship agencies because of the need to synthesize information on complex socio-ecological patterns across geographically broad spatial scales. This challenge is compounded by relatively short time-frames for implementation and limited financial and technological resources. To address this pragmatically, BAF provides a rapid, flexible and multi-disciplinary approach to integrate geospatial information into formats and visualization tools readily useable for spatial planning. Central to BAF is four sequential components: (1) Planning; (2) Data Evaluation; (3) Ecosystem Characterization; and (4) Management Applications. The framework has been applied to support the development of several marine spatial plans in the United States and Territories. This paper describes the structure of the BAF framework and the associated analytical techniques. Two management applications are provided to demonstrate the utility of BAF in supporting decision making in MSP.     

青岛市海洋空间开发现状与强度初探

文章基于青岛市最新遥感影像和海域权属数据,从海域使用率、用海类型、用海方式、海岸线开发强度和海域开发强度等方面,客观分析青岛市海洋空间开发现状及其强度,并提出具有针对性的建议。研究结果表明：青岛市的用海类型基本齐全,用海多样性南高北低,用海规模不均衡,用海方式以开放式为主;海洋空间开发活动集中于海岸线及其临近的海湾、滩涂和浅海区域,即墨区、市区和黄岛区的海岸线开发强度为超载,且近岸海域开发强度亦为超载或临近超载;应通过岸线分级分类管控、生态化改造和发展海洋生态牧场等方式,提升青岛市海洋综合利用效益和海洋空间资源承载能力。     

Rising to the integration ambitions of Marine Spatial Planning: Reflections from the Irish Sea

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is emerging as key tool in the delivery of more effective sea use management and the integration ambitions of MSP are central to its rise to prominence. This paper reviews three key strands of thinking (integrated coastal and ocean management; integrated water resource management; and terrestrial spatial planning) that are informing the development of MSP and sets out a framework encompassing different dimensions of integration that those engaged in MSP might find it helpful to consider. The paper then explores how this framework can inform MSP development and related activity by using it to structure reflections on experience in the Irish Sea. Here the paper draws upon the outputs of a project that was funded by the UK's Economic and Social Research Council concerning Transnational Partnership Working in Support of Marine Spatial Planning in the Irish Sea. The analysis highlights the integration strengths and weaknesses associated with the emerging MSP structures in the Irish Sea and areas where further attention may be beneficial. The paper concludes by reflecting upon the value of the integration framework proposed, how it could be developed, and on key issues that those engaged in MSP in other contexts might need to address in rising to the integration ambitions of MSP.     

基于生态系统的挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划

为推动我国国土空间规划新视角下的海洋空间规划实践,提升我国海洋综合管理水平,文章概述基于生态系统的挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划的主要内容,并重点分析挪威海的海洋环境空间管理措施。研究结果表明:挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划是基于生态系统的海洋空间规划,建立在良好的海洋环境状况和海洋生物多样性与其栖息地的保护基础之上,以可持续利用海洋资源来实现海洋产业的价值创造与生态系统服务供给;该管理计划制定一系列海洋环境保护措施和人类活动空间管理措施,以实现挪威海海洋环境的有效保护和海洋经济产业的有效管理;挪威海海洋空间规划的发展可为我国国土空间规划涉海内容的编制、海洋资源的可持续利用与海洋产业的快速健康发展提供重要参考。     

中国海域使用贡献率测算研究

海域资源是国民经济和社会发展的重要保障,在海洋经济增长中发挥重要支撑作用。在海域集约节约利用的要求下,测算海域使用对海洋经济增长的贡献具有深刻意义。文章基于生产函数理论,参考柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,将海域作为海洋经济发展的重要投入要素,提出海域使用贡献率的概念,构建海域使用贡献率测算模型,并基于涉海数据进行实证分析。结果表明,海域使用在我国海洋经济增长中发挥较大作用,且呈现2004—2015年海域使用贡献率总体呈波动变化、"十一五"和"十二五"期间海域使用贡献率大致相当、短期海域使用平均贡献率变化趋势较为稳定的特点;在此基础上,提出"十三五"期间我国海域使用应开源节流、提升海域利用水平、保障海洋经济增长的用海需求的决策建议。     

连云港近海紫菜养殖区遥感识别、空间变异和驱动分析

为了科学有效地掌握海域使用信息、管理海域权属,为海域资源调查、管理、规划、保护、合理利用提供服务,为违法、违规、违章用海项目得到有效遏制,减少用海矛盾,有必要开展海域使用动态监测,作者以连云港近海为研究区,利用4个时相Landsat遥感影像(2002、2008、2013、2016年)通过面向对象算法提取弱水背景下的紫菜养殖区信息,揭示空间分异规律,并分析其驱动原因。研究结果表明:4期影像提取连云港近海紫菜养殖区信息的精度分别是87.5%、92%、91.7%和94.6%。紫菜养殖区空间分布的变化规律为紫菜养殖面积不断增加且整体向深海方向推进。赣榆港口航运区和田湾核电站特殊利用区存在少量紫菜养殖区,项目用海不符合连云港市海洋功能区划(2016～2020年)。连云港近海紫菜养殖区空间分异的驱动因子主要是自然条件、养殖技术、海洋经济和社会发展四大因素。     

The role of local Government in marine spatial planning and management in Taiwan

As a result of population growth and economic development, there has been a rapid increase in sea use around the island of Taiwan. Such increased use is placing pressure on the marine environment and its resources. Three draft territory laws (the Draft National Territory Planning Act, the Land Re-conservation Draft Bill, and the Draft Coastal Act) and the Local Government Act are neither consistent nor sufficiently comprehensive. Consequently, local Governments (municipalities and counties) experience difficulties in planning and managing their inshore waters. This paper will discuss the role local Governments plays in marine spatial planning and management. Local Government officials working in specialist marine affairs units from Kaohsiung and Keelung cities were surveyed to elicit their views with regards to management authority, management capacity and resources, officials’ commitment, and intergovernmental coordination/collaboration with respect to inshore waters. In-depth interviews were also conducted with local directors of specialist marine affairs units along with experts, to identify the causes of problems brought to light through the survey and to propose potential solutions to these problems. The study findings indicated that it is necessary to specify the marine spatial planning and management authority, as well as the scope of local Governments, in both the Coastal Act and Local Government Act. In order to sustainably develop Taiwan’s marine and coastal areas, it is important that the following four primary factors (management authority, management capacity and resources, officials’ commitment, and intergovernmental coordination/collaboration) be improved.