福建近岸海域表层沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义

对福建东部近岸海域173个表层沉积物进行稀土元素(REE)含量分析,探讨稀土元素分布特征及影响因素,揭示沉积物物源信息。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物稀土元素总量(ΣREE)分布范围为35.25~296.98μg/g,平均值171.05μg/g,与长江、闽江沉积物的ΣREE非常接近。轻重稀土元素含量比值(LREE/HREE)的变化范围为7.56~16.35,平均值11.27,轻稀土明显富集。REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式以及(La/Sm)CN、(Gd/Yb)CN比值显示,配分曲线为右倾负斜率,LREE内部分异明显,HREE内部分异小,存在中等程度Eu负异常(分布在0.55~1.06,平均值0.80),Ce异常不明显(分布在0.71~1.19,平均值1.00),与上陆壳REE特征相似。REE上陆壳标准化配分模式显示沉积物与上陆壳之间分异不明显,其源岩以上陆壳长英质岩石为主。综合分析认为,研究区表层沉积物REE富集和分布主要受沉积物粒度控制,REE趋向于在细粒组分中富集,局部可能受生物碳酸盐及重矿物含量制约。     

东太平洋CC区沉积物稀土元素特征及物源

对东太平洋CC区中西部33站表层沉积物进行了稀土元素(REE,包括Y)地球化学研究。结果表明,REE在沸石粘土中最富集,在硅质沉积物中含量明显偏低;所有沉积物样品中REE都存在Ce负异常和Eu正异常的轻稀土(LREE)亏损特征,表现为典型受到海水来源物质影响的REE配分模式;硅质粘土中Ce亏损程度、Eu正异常和REE富集程度都比硅质软泥更明显。与东区相比,西区沉积物中LREE、HREE(重稀土和钇元素)和∑REE(稀土元素总量)普遍偏高,LREE与HREE分异更明显,HREE相对更富集,LREE和Ce亏损更显著。研究区表层沉积物中REE主要来自海洋自生物质,同时受到陆源物质、海底火山物质的影响。     

海南东寨港红树林沉积物的稀土元素示踪分析

对海南岛东寨港红树林湿地沉积物进行了稀土元素的地球化学特征进行分析发现:研究区沉积物∑REE变化范围为141.28~269.20mg.kg~(-1),平均值为221.88mg.kg~(-1)。沉积物稀土元素球粒陨石标准配分曲线呈现出明显的轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损分布特征,δEu的平均值为0.58,明显负异常,表现为陆源沉积物的REE属性;稀土元素上地壳标准化配分模式不存在显著的分馏。而将区内沉积物与上陆壳、周边土壤及沉积物的稀土特征参数及分布模式进行对比分析,发现区内沉积物与其基本一致,再以Sm/Nd做为对比元素进行判别分析,可以认为东寨港红树林湿地沉积物以海南本岛输入为主,与岛内土壤具有一定的继承性。     

黄河沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征

本文以黄河口和小浪底水库表层沉积物、利津水文站悬浮沉积物为研究对象,在分析其物质组成特征的基础上,研究了稀土元素(REE)的含量、配分模式、分异特征及其制约因素,探讨了黄河沉积物REE的物源示踪意义。结果表明,黄河口和小浪底水库表层沉积物、利津水文站悬浮沉积物稀土元素总量(∑REE)平均值分别为178.16×10^-6、181.38×10^-6、158.26×10^-6;三种沉积物REE的上地壳标准化配分模式均为轻稀土富集的略右倾模式,轻稀土的分异程度与黄土相比较高,而重稀土未出现明显分异;Eu和Ce相对于上陆壳物质REE没有发生明显分异;黄河口表层沉积物REE配分模式和分异程度与利津站悬浮沉积物相似度较高,而与小浪底水库沉积物略有差异。黄河口沉积物中的∑REE除受到源岩和沉积物粒度的显著影响外,主要与碳酸盐、磷酸盐及Fe-Mn氧化物等矿物和物质相结合。黄河沉积物REE分异显著弱于长江沉积物,造成两者差异的因素主要为源岩不同导致的沉积物组成的差异,这可作为两类沉积物识别的重要标志。本研究结果可为进一步认识现代黄河沉积物REE组...     

南极罗斯海R11柱样晚更新世晚期以来稀土元素地球化学特征

南极大陆边缘沉积物记录着南极及周缘地区海洋沉积与气候变化的重要信息。利用ICP—MS分析技术对取自南极罗斯海的R11柱状样沉积物进行了稀土元素地球化学特征分析。在R11柱样沉积物中,∑REE介于132.33~200.75μg/g之间,在纵向上呈现波动式变化,体现出了沉积环境的不稳定性;REE含量变化与沉积物细粒组分(粉砂+黏土)和硅质生物碎屑不具有显著相关性;经球粒陨石标准化的REE配分特征表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土相对均一和Eu明显负异常的右倾型,与上陆壳(UCC)和澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)的配分模式较为接近,揭示R11柱样沉积物来源自晚更新世晚期以来相对稳定,物源区具有大陆性质。综合REE配分模式、富集因子和典型参数等特征分析表明,R11柱样沉积物主要来自于周缘的维多利亚地、横断山脉和玛丽伯德地古老沉积岩石或地层提供的长英质碎屑,新生代火山岩物源贡献相对较低。     

山东半岛南部近岸海域表层沉积物稀土元素的物源指示

通过对山东半岛南部海域147个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流46个表层沉积物样品粒度与稀土元素(REE)测试分析,系统地研究了该区稀土元素分布、δEu和δCe异常以及稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化和上陆壳标准化配分曲线特征等。结果表明,研究区沉积物REE呈现轻稀土元素(LREE)富集、重稀土元素(HREE)平坦以及中等程度的Eu异常等特征。对代表站位与长江、黄河及周边中小入海河流沉积物的稀土元素分析对比,利用以Ce/La和Sm/Nd作为对比元素的FD判别函数分析,以及对一些在地球化学环境中比较稳定元素的比值进行了验证比较,初步判别研究海区的表层沉积物物质来源以现代黄河沉积物质为主,周边中小河流也对其物源产生一定的影响。     

海底水－沉积物界面系统中稀土元素的变化及配分特征

本文利用”大洋多金属结核调查“期间”海洋4“号调查船HY₄-871、881航次在东太平洋海盆取得的底层水、沉积物、间隙水及多金属结核样品,对比研究了稀土元素(REE)在海底水-沉积物界面系统不同物质相中的分布变化及配分特征。结果表明,在大洋氧化性沉积物间隙水中REE相对于底层水亏损。除Ce外,沉积物与多金属结核REE含量较为接近。底层水、沉积物、间隙水REE配分特征极为相似,都表现出中稀土相对于轻、重稀土的轻度分离和富集,Ce表现为负异常。多金属结核中中稀土也有类似的富集倾向,但Ce主要表现为正异常。随深度的增加,沉积物REE含量增加,但其配分模式不变。     

西南印度洋中脊热液产物稀土元素组成变化及其来源

对西南印度洋中脊热液区不同热液产物稀土元素(REE)进行了分析,探讨了热液产物形成过程中稀土元素组成变化及其来源。研究结果表明:不同热液产物稀土元素总量变化范围从3.47×10-7到4.80×10-5,轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)从2.06到6.16,表明轻重稀土有较大程度分异,δEu异常(δEu=0.86~3.88)和δCe异常(δCe=0.40~0.86)显示热液产物中REE呈Eu富集和Ce亏损特征。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式呈现两种类型:(1)呈轻微富集LREE的平坦模式,REE大于2×10-5;(2)呈显著富集LREE和正Eu异常模式,REE小于5×10-7。模式1类似于洋壳火山岩REE配分模式,而模式2与西南印度洋中脊黑烟囱REE模式相似,也与典型洋中脊热液喷口流体和硫化物LREE富集和正Eu异常模式类似。热液产物中稀土元素含量变化和模式特征以及Mg与LREE极强正相关关系可能反映了西南印度洋中脊硫化物形成在热液流体与海水混合沉淀的初始阶段,后期经历了广泛的热液流体再循环和海水蚀变过程。     

孟加拉湾中部表层沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义

通过对孟加拉湾中部110个表层沉积物进行稀土元素(REE)测试分析,揭示了研究区稀土元素含量和分布特征,并讨论了其物质来源。结果表明,研究区稀土元素含量介于93.90×10-6~220.80×10-6之间,平均含量为138.25×10-6,接近上陆壳含量。REE整体表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土含量相对均一的特征,Eu呈明显负异常,无明显Ce异常。应用富集系数、判别函数及∑REE-(La/Yb)N等方法判别其物质来源,结果证实研究区沉积物主要为喜马拉雅山和青藏高原来源,还有一部分物质来自中印度半岛,而伊洛瓦底江物质对研究区沉积物组成影响不明显。G-B(恒河-布拉马普特拉河)沉积物标准化后的稀土参数聚类分析表明,印度源区的主要影响范围位于研究区西侧,其控制因素主要是物质供应方式及孟加拉湾表层环流,尤其是东印度沿岸流(EICC)对印度源区物质的输运。     

闽江钻孔沉积物微量元素地球化学研究

河流沉积物微量元素特征对指示沉积演化历史、沉积环境及沉积物的物质来源具有十分重要的示踪作用。闽江福州段540cm的沉积物微量元素比值(Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba)和稀土元素地球化学特征,敏锐地指示了沉积环境从河流快速转变为沼泽的突变点,同时,也清楚地指示了不同沉积环境下的物源变化。受控于闽江流域丰富的岩浆岩和稀土资源以及呈酸性的福建土壤和闽江水体,闽江钻孔沉积物REE明显高于上地壳、长江和黄河,与福建土壤最为接近。经过球状陨石和北美页岩标准化之后,闽江钻孔沉积物稀土元素分配模式呈右倾型,与长江和黄河沉积相比具有更好的轻稀土富集。δEu负异常和δCe正异常非常显著,并且与∑REE密切相关,表明它们均受到源区环境变化和搬运作用的控制。     

中国基岩海湾潮流地貌模式及其沉积动力特征

对我国基岩海湾内的潮流沉积和地貌进行了系统研究。根据潮滩、潮流水道、潮流沙脊等地貌单元的组合特征，概括出3种潮流地貌模式：潮滩型、滩-槽型和滩槽-脊型。通过各模式海湾环境特征的对比分析，设定紊动射流系数Rbjet做为判别潮流水道形成发育程度的水动力参数，发现潮流水道较为发育的滩-槽型和滩-槽-脊型海湾往往开敞度较小，纵深较长，而平均潮差较大，Rbjet大于45。潮流沙脊是区分滩-槽型和滩-槽脊型潮流地貌模式的标志地貌，粗颗粒泥沙来源是其发育的必备条件：残留沉积、海岸侵蚀来沙丰富的海湾内潮流沙脊发育；河流来沙则可以改造形成小规模现代潮流脊；而靠近大河河口，细颗粒来源丰富的海湾则不利于潮流沙脊发育，湾内形成滩-槽型潮流沉积。     

A preliminary study on fingerprinting approach in marine sediment dynamics with the rare earth elements

Locating the quantitized natural sediment fingerprints is an important work for marine sediment dynamics study.The total of 146 sediment samples were collected from the Shelf of the East China Sea and five rivers,including Huanghe (Yellow),Changjiang (Yangtze),Qiantang,Ou and Min River.The sediment grain size and the contents of rare earth elements (REEs) were measured with laser particle size analyzer and ICP-MS technology.The results show that absolute REE content (ΣREE) and the concentration ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs (L/HREE) are different in the sediments among those rivers.There are higher REE contents in being less than 2 m and 2–31 μm fractions in the Changjiang Estuary surface sediments.The REE contents of bulk sediment are dominated by the corresponding values of those leading size-fractions.REE of sediment is higher close to the estuaries and declines seaward on the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS).The L/HREE ratio has a tendency of increase southward from 28 ? N.Hydrodynamic conditions plays a predominate role on spacial distributions of the surficial sediment’s REE parameters.In some situations,the currents tend to remove the coarser light grains from initial populations,as well as the deposit of the finer heavy mineral grains.In other situations,the currents will change the ratio of sediment constituents,such as ratio between silts and clays in the sediments.As a result,the various values of REE or L/HREE ratio in different bulk sediments are more affected by the change of size-fractions than source location.Under the long-term stable hydrodynamic environment,i.e.,the East China Sea Shelf,new sediment transport model based on the size and density gradation concept may help to understand the spatial distribution patterns of REE parameters.     

Rare earth elements in bottom sediments of major rivers around the Yellow Sea: implications for sediment provenance

Rare earth elements (REEs) of 91 fine-grained bottom sediment samples from five major rivers in Korea (the Han, Keum, and Yeongsan) and China (the Changjiang and Huanghe) were studied to investigate their potential as source indicator for Yellow Sea shelf sediments, this being the first synthetic report on REE trends for bottom sediments of these rivers. The results show distinct differences in REE contents and their upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized patterns: compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), light rare earth elements (LREEs) are highly enriched in Korean river sediments, in contrast to Chinese river sediments that have a characteristic positive Eu anomaly. This phenomenon is observed also in primary source rocks within the river catchments. This suggests that source rock composition is the primary control on the REE signatures of these river sediments, due largely to variations in the levels of chlorite and monazite, which are more abundant in Korean bottom river sediments. Systematic variations in ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, and in (La/Yb)–(Gd/Yb)_UCC but also (La/Lu)–(La/Y)_UCC and (La/Y)–(Gd/Lu)_UCC relations have the greatest discriminatory power. These findings are consistent with, but considerably expand on the limited datasets available to date for suspended sediments. Evidently, the REE fingerprints of these river sediments can serve as a useful diagnostic tool for tracing the provenance of sediments in the Yellow Sea, and for reconstructing their dispersal patterns and the circulation system of the modern shelf, as well as the paleoenvironmental record of this and adjoining marginal seas.     

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物稀土元素的分布特征

通过对东海内陆架泥质区30个表层沉积物样品中的稀土元素、主微量元素、TOC、CaCO3、沉积物粒度进行了分析,讨论了影响稀土元素分布的原因。结果显示东海内陆架中ΣREEs为182.8～221μg/g,均值为206.5μg/g,明显高于黄土、黄河及雅鲁藏布江中稀土元素的含量,与长江、瓯江中稀土元素含量接近。稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分模式及(La/Yb)N比值显示,轻稀土显著富集,存在显著的δEu异常。稀土元素上地壳标准化配分模式显示稀土元素与上地壳之间不存在显著的分馏,稀土元素存在显著的"四分性"。稀土元素与粒径、有机质、CaCO3之间不存在相关性,表明研究区中稀土元素含量不受上述3个因素的控制。元素比值及稀土元素上地壳标准化配分模式显示研究区稀土元素主要源于长江。     

Rare earth elements in suspended and bottom sediments of the Mandovi estuary, central west coast of India: Influence of mining

Rare earth elements (REEs) in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the Mandovi estuary indicated that the mean total-REEs (∑REE) and light REE to heavy REE ratios are lower than that of the average suspended sediment in World Rivers and Post-Archean average Australian shale. High ∑REE were associated with high SPM/low salinity and also with high SPM/high salinity. Although the ∑REE broadly agree with SPM levels at each station, their seasonal distributions along transect are different. SPM increased seaward in the estuary both during the monsoon and pre-monsoon, but consistently low at all stations during the post-monsoon. The mean ∑REE decreased marginally seaward and was <25% at sea-end station than at river-end station. Spatial variations in ∑REE are maximum (64%) during the pre-monsoon. Strong to moderate correlation of ∑REE with Al, Fe and Mn in all seasons indicates adsorption and co-precipitation of REEs with aluminosilicate phases and Fe, Mn-oxyhydroxides. The ratio of mean ∑REE in sediment/SPM is low during the monsoon (1.27), followed by pre-monsoon (1.5) and post-monsoon (1.62). The middle REE- and heavy REE-enriched patterns with positive Ce and Eu anomalies are characteristic at every station and season, both in SPM and sediment. They also exhibit tetrad effect with distinct third and fourth tetrads. Fe-Mn ore dust is the most dominant source for REEs. However, the seasonal changes in the supply of detrital silicates, Fe-Mn ore dust and particulates resuspended from bottom sediments diluted the overall effect of salinity on fractionation and distribution of REEs in the estuary.     

Rare earth element fingerprints in Korean coastal bay sediments: Association with provenance discrimination

Rare earth elements (REEs: La-Lu) in surface sediments collected from the mouth and middle tidal flats of Gomso Bay, South Korea, in August 2011 and May 2012 were analyzed to investigate the fine-grained sediment provenance. The upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized light REEs (LREEs: La to Nd) were more enriched than the middle REEs (MREEs: Sm to Dy) and heavy REEs (HREEs: Ho to Lu), resulting in large (La/Yb)_UCC (1.9 ± 0.4) to (Gd/Yb)_UCC (1.4 ± 0.2) ratios. The monthly (La/Yb)_UCC values differed between the mouth and middle tidal flats due to deposition of fine-grained sediments that originated from distant rivers (the Geum and Yeongsan) and the Jujin Stream, located on the southern shore of the inner bay. We observed relative reductions in the (La/Yb)_UCC value and REE content in the sediments from the mouth of the bay compared with those from Jujin Stream sediments. Confined to the middle tidal flat around the KH Line of Jujin Stream, the sediments, most enriched in LREEs but depleted in Eu, were distributed in August as strong Jujin Stream runs. Here, we suggest that an increase in LREE/HREE and decrease in MREE/LREE ratios can be used as a proxy to identify the Jujin Stream provenance in mixed riverine sediments and to trace Jujin Stream sediments within the Gomso Bay tidal flat, especially in the summer rainy season.     

南海东北部下陆坡20 ka以来稀土元素沉积地球化学特征变化及其对物源的指示

本文通过对南海东北部STD235沉积柱状样品稀土元素（REE）分布模式及特征参数的分析，结合主量元素分析结果，探讨了STD235柱状样沉积物REE指示的物质来源及其纵向变化与环境之间的关系。研究结果表明:20 ka以来STD235站位的沉积物具有基本相同的物质来源，以陆源物质输入为主。通过与周边河流沉积物的对比分析发现，STD235柱状样沉积物REE上地壳标准化的配分模式及其特征参数分布与台湾东南部河流沉积物具有密切的亲缘关系，表明该站位陆源物质主要来源于台湾东南部河流输入，进一步的分析表明台西南河流沉积物对该站位也有所贡献，沉积物的搬运过程主要受到了北太平洋深海流及黑潮的影响。沉积物中REE和主量元素的纵向变化指示20 ka以来南海东北部下陆坡的沉积物源区在冰期时风化作用较弱，间冰期则相对增强。该变化与沉积物源区的气候环境变化有关，指示了20 ka以来台湾地区气候由相对冷干向暖湿转变，由此推测20 ka以来台湾岛和华南地区应该受相同环境因素的制约，东亚季风系统是控制该区域环境变化的主因。此外，在约16~13 ka BP的末次冰消期期间，STD235柱状样沉积物中的各项指标都发生了显著的变化，并都指示了风化作用的逐渐增强，代表了该阶段沉积物源区逐渐向暖湿的气候环境转变。     

Ferromanganese Nodules and their Associated Sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry

The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases.     

Geochemical tracers of northern Portuguese estuarine sediments on the shelf

The northern Portuguese coastal zone is drained by large Iberian rivers, along which there is intensive industrial, agricultural and urban activity. Offshore of the two main river basins of the Douro and Minho, two fine-grained sedimentary formations can be characterised. A geochemical study of this sediment cover has been performed focussing in particular on the fine deposits and the adjacent estuaries. The chemical composition of superficial sediments collected from the northern Portuguese shelf and from the river basins of the Minho and Douro rivers was determined for major, minor and trace elements; the rare earth elements (REE) composition was also determined in selected samples. Statistical analyses of these data for the shelf sediments allow us to identify elements with similar behaviours and the different sediment types along the shelf, and to evaluate of their origins. Downcore profiles of the chemical composition of the fine sediments reveal no evidence for changes induced by recent human activities. To assess the influence of the rivers on the fine sedimentary formations, the elemental distribution patterns of selected sediments have been compared with the estuarine sediments. Lithogenic elements composition normalised to Al and the shale normalised REE distributions showed there are similarities between the Douro River sediments and the sediment composition of the Douro and Galicia mud patches. However, the Galicia mud field showed no relationship in its chemical composition to sediments derived from the Minho River. Nor was any evidence for heavy metal contamination originating from the Douro estuary detected in anthropogenic element/Al ratios in the shelf sediments. This may be because of processes associated with resuspension, complexation and bioturbation that occur during sediment transport and deposition. Nevertheless, the Douro River seems to be the main continental source of fine sediments being deposited on the northern Portuguese shelf.     

陆架环流作用下的北黄海中北部细颗粒物质输运

海洋泥质沉积是流域、古气候及海平面变化信息的重要载体，对该粒级物质的系统研究，是获取环境信息的重要手段。为此，采集北黄海中北部表层沉积物80件，经室内筛分处理，并对细颗粒组分（<63 μm）进行了稀土元素（REE）测试。结果显示REE的含量及分布模式在长山列岛东西两侧差异显著:东侧物质明显富集REE，尤其轻稀土元素（LREE），Eu元素则明显缺失，指示了受鸭绿江的显著控制；长山列岛以西，REE除含量降低外，分布模式也变平缓。造影剂马根维显（Gd-DTPA）在磁共振成像（MRI）中的大量使用，可能是造成Gd明显富集的主要原因。此外，辽南沿岸物质的来源及分布与以往认识存在差异，以往认为辽南沿岸泥质沉积为鸭绿江为主的辽东半岛河流的远端泥沉积，而本文的研究发现:辽东半岛东侧长山列岛至大连湾外海域以黄河来源物质为主，鸭绿江物质对北黄海西部泥质区的贡献在西侧大于东侧，其中陆架环流对物质输运发挥着重要作用。