基于拓扑优化方法的船体支柱布局优化设计

船体支柱的布局影响到船舶功能性舱室的布置及相应的结构设计,而目前支柱布局多依赖母型船或者工程师设计经验,缺少基于数学优化的技术支撑。变密度的拓扑优化方法可将属于离散变量优化的支柱布局问题转化为连续变量优化问题。通过悬臂梁—支柱结构的算例,验证了该方法用于解决支柱布局优化问题的可行性。针对某型VLCC的支柱—大跨度甲板结构的支柱布局优化问题,根据布置限制条件设定了支柱优化设计域,选择了两种不同的优化目标函数进行支柱的布局优化设计,最后对优化结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,本方法具有较好的可行性,无需过多设计经验即可优化得到结构性能较好的支柱布局方案,可为此类的支柱布局优化设计提供技术支撑。     

基于可靠度深海浮式平台加筋板优化设计方法

加筋板是深海浮式平台的主要组成部分,其设计的合理性直接关系到平台整体经济性和安全性,提出一种基于可靠度的加筋板优化设计方法。首先,分析深海浮式平台加筋板的失效模式,得到其极限状态方程,以此为基础采用验算点法计算可靠度指标值,将该可靠度指标值作为结构优化设计的控制参数,得到加筋板的优化设计数学模型。然后,根据可靠度指标值在标准正态空间中的几何意义,推导出其对基本随机变量灵敏度分析的计算表达式,以之作为导数信息,构建出寻找设计最优点的迭代计算公式。以某张力腿平台浮筒部分某加筋板为例,用该算法对其进行基于可靠度的优化设计。计算结果表明,与传统约束优化方法相比,该算法在计算效率和收敛性上具有明显优势。     

分布式节点海洋环境三维布局优化方法及仿真研究

现有的分布式定位系统节点布局研究主要集中在 2 个方面：1)基于理论推导,采取最佳战略布局一些特殊点,推导模型十分复杂,不具有普遍的实用性;2)按照一定的原则,将节点布局问题转化为最优化问题,借助智能优化算法寻优迭代逼近最佳布站策略,该方法具有普遍适用性。可采用智能优化算法进行计算。通过使用 BELLHOP 模型对水声信道进行仿真研究,模拟海洋环境,基于 TOA 算法进行加入海洋声线模型的自适应遗传算法节点最优布局仿真研究。由于声线弯曲造成的信号传递函数的改变,引起了信噪比的改变,最终导致了待优化函数系统误差的 CRLB 的改变,使此方法适用于分布式节点海洋环境优化布局。     

考虑结构-桩-土相互作用的导管架平台优化设计

首先建立了多设计准则、多约束条件的面向结构-桩-土相互作用的导管架海洋平台优化设计模型,然后给出了此模型与结构分析软件及优化算法软件相结合进行优化设计的方法,并以胜利油田埕北11#井单井采油平台为例进行优化设计.结果显示所建模型既不依赖于优化算法,也不依赖于初始设计值,目标函数值均收敛于同一极小值且收敛速度较快、减小幅度可观,从而说明了此模型的合理性.     

冰脊形成过程的离散元模拟及影响因素分析

冰脊对极地船舶及海洋工程结构的冰载荷设计及冰区安全运行具有重要的影响,其几何形态是重要的考虑因素。为研究冰脊的几何形态,本文基于Voronoi切割算法构造扩展多面体海冰单元,并使其相互冻结形成平整冰;采用离散单元法模拟海冰在相对运动时挤压形成冰脊的动力过程,统计分析脊帆高度、龙骨宽度、龙骨深度、龙骨水平倾角等主要几何参数,并确定这些几何参数间的对应关系。将离散元模拟结果同冰脊现场观测资料对比分析以验证扩展多面体离散元方法模拟冰脊形成过程的可行性。在此基础上讨论冰厚、冰速、海冰强度等因素对冰脊形态的影响。本文采用离散元方法对冰脊形成过程及几何特性的数值分析可为深入开展冰脊的形成机理及其对船舶、海洋工程结构物的冰载荷分析提供参考依据。     

改进的模糊C均值聚类算法及其在海底热液硫化物组分分析中的应用

在聚类分析中,模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法有着广泛的应用。在实际应用中,该算法存在着很多缺陷,如最优聚类数目的确定完全依赖于数据的数目,算法易收敛到局部极值点以及收敛速度慢等。本文针对这些缺陷提出了2点改进方法:首先,利用减法聚类确定聚类数目的范围,提出一个新的聚类有效性指标函数,实现最优聚类数目的自适应确定。在此基础上,提出了基于粒子群(PSO)的模糊C均值混合聚类算法,以解决已有原始FCM聚类算法容易陷入局部极小点和收敛速度慢的问题。仿真测试结果表明:改进后的FCM聚类算法能够有效减少迭代次数,并以较快的收敛速度获得更加准确的聚类结果。最后,将改进的FCM聚类算法应用到冲绳海槽热液硫化物矿物组分分析中,准确地反映出了其矿物化学组分中主要金属元素的分布特征及矿石分类状况。     

双整体式止屈器结构性能研究及优化设计

建立了双整体式止屈器结构的三维有限元模型,模拟其在外部静水压力作用下的屈曲穿越过程,总结不同穿越破坏模式的产生条件及机理。对影响穿越破坏压力的主要参数进行敏感性分析,结果表明止屈器布置间距、两个止屈器的几何尺寸均会对整体止屈性能产生影响。在拟合的双整体式止屈器效率公式的基础上,依据非线性有约束优化理论,分别采用经典算法和智能遗传算法确定模型最优解,提出了一种兼顾结构重量与止屈性能的最优双整体式止屈器结构型式;并经计算分析,验证了该方法的可靠性和适应性。     

波浪作用下孔隙海床-管线动力相互作用分析

波浪作用下海床中的孔隙水压力与有效应力是影响海底管线稳定性的主要因素。然而,在目前的海床响应分析中一般将管线假定为刚性,并不能合理地考虑海床与管线之间的相互作用效应,同时也没有考虑土体和管线加速度对海床动力响应的惯性影响,从而无法确定由此所引起的管线内应力。为此考虑管线的柔性,分别采用饱和孔隙介质的Biot动力固结理论和弹性动力学理论列出了海床与管线的控制方程,进而采用摩擦接触理论考虑海床与管线之间的相互作用效应,基于有限元方法建立了海床-管线相互作用的计算模型及其数值算法。通过变动参数对比计算讨论了管线几何尺寸、海床土性参数对波浪所引起的管线周围海床孔隙水压力和管线内应力的影响。     

34万吨级FPSO的中横剖面优化设计

以中横剖面的面积最小为目标函数，应用自适应步长随机搜索法，对34万吨级FPSO中横剖面进行了优化设计，并将规范设计结果和优化设计结果进行了比较，优化效果较好。     

智能优化平台在等效水深截断系统设计中应用

构建一个智能优化平台,包括粒子群算法、蚁群算法、遗传算法、模拟退火算法、混沌算法和复合形法。该平台包括四个模块,分别是优化问题选择,优化参数设置,优化过程显示以及优化结果输出。将该优化平台应用在等效水深截断系统的优化设计中,对截断系泊系统的构造参数进行优化,能在很短时间内给出符合海洋工程需要的等效水深截断系泊系统。     

Modeling for the optimization of layout scenarios of cluster manifolds with pipeline end manifolds

The pipeline end manifold (PLEM) is an important subsea facility, which can greatly reduce the cost and risk of the development scenarios of deepwater oil and gas fields by declining the number of export pipelines and risers. However, the employment of PLEMs is a multidiscipline task involving substantial financial and technical factors. Due to various uncertainties of influencing factors, the evaluation process may take several months or years by the engineers with rich project experience. Thus, how to develop quantified reference tools using mathematical models to assist engineers in efficiently making their crucial decisions is essential. In this paper, the optimization of the layout scenarios of cluster manifolds with PLEMs is discussed, where a proposed mathematical model and its dedicated algorithm are illustrated. The optimal solution at the lowest cost can be obtained through in-house routine in MATLAB, including the optimal layout scenario, the number and locations of PLEMs, and the connection relations. Besides, the numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed mathematical model and its algorithm. The results show that this optimization layout problem in engineering can be described accurately by the presented mathematical model and the convergence rate of the given algorithm is efficient.     

Optimization Design of Fairings for VIV Suppression Based on Data-Driven Models and Genetic Algorithm

Vortex induced vibration(VIV)is a challenge in ocean engineering.Several devices including fairings have been designed to suppress VIV.However,how to optimize the design of suppression devices is still a problem to be solved.In this paper,an optimization design methodology is presented based on data-driven models and genetic algorithm(GA).Data-driven models are introduced to substitute complex physics-based equations.GA is used to rapidly search for the optimal suppression device from all possible solutions.Taking fairings as example,VIV response database for different fairings is established based on parameterized models in which model sections of fairings are controlled by several control points and Bezier curves.Then a data-driven model,which can predict the VIV response of fairings with different sections accurately and efficiently,is trained through BP neural network.Finally,a comprehensive optimization method and process is proposed based on GA and the data-driven model.The proposed method is demonstrated by its application to a case.It turns out that the proposed method can perform the optimization design of fairings effectively.VIV can be reduced obviously through the optimization design.     

深水S-lay管道形态和内力分析的分段解析方法

考虑深水S型铺设中离散均布托辊对上弯段管道的支撑作用,提出了管道铺设形态和内力的分段解析求解方法,通过迭代搜索算法确定管道最佳反弯点和升离点的位置,结合刚性悬链线理论和欧拉梁弯曲理论,推导了管道的变形和内力的解析表达式。依据所建立的分段解析方法编制了相应的数值计算程序,以某3 000 m水深铺设12英寸管道为例,计算了管道形态和内力响应,与商用有限元软件的数值分析结果进行对比,表明了分段解析方法的准确性和有效性。建立的方法具有较高的计算效率,为进一步开展S型铺设参数的优化或可靠性研究提供了有力的手段。     

不同径厚比的海底管道压溃屈曲研究

为了探索不同径厚比海底管道的压溃屈曲特性,本文分别采用挪威船级社（Det Norske Veritas,DNV）规范、有限元模拟和深海压力舱模型试验,研究不同径厚比海底管道承载外部水压的能力,并就DNV规范压溃屈曲计算公式对不同径厚比管道的适用性进行了讨论,优化了小径厚比海底管道压溃屈曲的设计方法。研究表明：小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力对管道径厚比的变化更敏感;DNV规范计算小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力偏小,在进行深海管道的压溃屈曲设计时,建议采用模型试验结合有限元模拟的方法,计算管道实际可提供的压溃屈曲承载力。     

An improved analytical approach for simulating the lateral kinematic distress of deepwater offshore pipelines

Offshore pipelines are critical infrastructures and any possible damage may have devastating financial and environmental consequences. Earthquake-related geohazards (such as strong ground motion, active seismic faults, submarine landslides and debris flows) consist crucial threats that an offshore pipeline has to overcome. The main aim of the current study is to examine analytically a seabed-laid offshore pipeline subjected to a lateral kinematic distress due to a submarine landslide or a debris flow. Extra emphasis is given on the impact of pipe-soil interaction on the pipe response, by the realistic representation of the soil resistance via a tri-linear model. Firstly, the proposed analytical model is validated with a numerical model utilizing the finite-element method. Subsequently, various combinations of soil parameters and loading conditions that affect the examined problem are investigated with realistic input data taken from the offshore section of the high-pressure natural-gas pipeline TAP (Trans Adriatic Pipeline) in the Adriatic Sea. Finally, useful conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

GMDH-GEP to predict free span expansion rates below pipelines under waves

ABSTRACT

In this research, group method of data handling (GMDH) as a one of the self-organized approaches is utilized to predict three-dimensional free span expansion rates around pipeline due to waves. The GMDH network is developed using gene-expression programming (GEP) algorithm. In this way, GEP was performed in each neuron of GMDH instead of polynomial quadratic neuron. Effective parameters on the three-dimensional scour rates include sediment size, pipeline geometry, and wave characteristics upstream of pipeline. Four-dimensionless parameters are considered as input variables by means of dimensional analysis technique. Furthermore, scour rates along the pipeline, vertical scour rate, and additionally scour rates in the left and right of pipeline are determined as output parameters. Results of the proposed GMDH-GEP models for the training stages and testing ones are evaluated using various statistical indices. Performances of the GMDH-GEP models are compared with artificial neural network (ANN), GEP, GMDH, and traditional equations-based regression models. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and parametric study are conducted to perceive influences of different input parameters on the three-dimensional scour rates.     

地震荷载沉箱码头大变形分析的离散元法初探

探讨了应用离散元分析方法求解地震荷载下沉箱和背后填土大变形问题的可能性,开发了能描述沉箱的平面形状及沉箱与土体摩擦特性的矩形单元。并通过简单实例分析了地震时沉箱码头的变形,再现了沉箱码头地震灾害的发生过程,为沉箱在地震情况下的大变形分析提供了一种新途径。比较了两种沉箱模型对分析结果的影响,提出了相应的方法。     

Behavior of marine pipelines under seismic faults

A new study investigates an unburied offshore “snaked” pipeline behavior under various types of seismic faults. The snaking of the pipeline is caused by the thermal/pressure expansion and soil friction. The snaking takes place at a certain distance from the pipeline's unrestrained end and gradually increases towards the restraint. It is shown that longitudinal seismic faults have less effect on a straight pipeline than a snaked pipeline. The new seismic analysis demonstrates that an increase of ground displacement causes a very small change in bending and longitudinal stresses. The new approach results in a safe, subsea pipeline construction and operation with a significant cost reduction.     

采用射线追踪法的天然气水合物海底地震观测系统设计

射线追踪法是以建立的地下地质模型为基础,研究不同的激发点发出的射线经地下地质界面反射后可以被接收到的信息,从而了解不同的观测系统对于特定地质条件地震资料采集的效果,对于海上地震采集相关参数的确定十分关键.在天然气水合物地震勘探中,丰富的多波勘探信息对于查清水合物内部速度结构、提高地层的分辨率具有重要意义.本文在分析国外天然气水合物海底地震仪(OBS,ocean bottom seismometer)勘探的应用成果基础上,采用射线追踪法理论计算和海上实验,实现了针对天然气水合物的海底地震观测系统设计,试验获得了转换横波记录,取得了良好的应用效果.     

Multi-component seismic response analysis of offshore platform by wavelet energy principle

A wavelet energy method is presented to search the critical incidence of earthquake excitation in a multi-dimensional seismic response of offshore platforms. The total effective energy and the instantaneous effective energy input rate of an earthquake can be obtained by wavelet transformation to predict the critical incidence of the earthquake and then the maximum dynamic response of the platform can be calculated. The critical incidence is determined using this method for an actual platform and a group of single degree-of-freedom systems. Numerical results show that the application of wavelet transform in a multi-dimensional seismic response of structures is convenient and reliable.