浇灌海水果蔬鲜——深层海水有助蔬菜生长

海洋深层海水营养十分丰富,含有80多种矿物质和微量元素,而且水质也较稳定,病原菌少。日本的科学家对深层海水的应用研究十分重视,最近又取得了新突破。据《日本农业新闻》报道,日本静冈县农业试验场证实,海洋深层水具有促使蔬菜含     

南极普里兹湾及其沿岸夏季深层水的涌升

一、引言南大洋蕴藏着极为丰富的矿产资源和海洋生物资源,是地球上一个未开发的宝地。研究南大洋深层水的涌升,对海洋生物资源的开发具有重要的意义。海洋中海水的垂直运动与水平环流存在着密切的关系,深层水的上升可以用海洋的温盐结构场明显地体现出来。涌升水将下层营养丰富的有机物源源不断地带到上层,因此深层水的涌升是各种生物聚集的主要原     

日本开发利用深层海水加工商品

利用海洋深层水加工商品正越来越被人们所看好。据悉,这一深层海水资源的开发利用,由日本高知县海洋深水研究所从1995年开始试验成功后,投入开发的企业与产品已日渐增多,如今,高知县开发利用深层水的企业已有40多家,一个地域性的新兴产业已逐步形成并初具规模,有关商品陆续投放国内外市场。昔日被人们瞧不     

南海中部深水中位温和盐度垂直分布的数字模拟——垂直扩散-对流模式

海洋中深层水体运动缓慢,其理化性质一般具有稳定的分布状态,几乎不随时间变化,这给深层水的有关研究提供了相当方便的条件。     

骏河湾里新药源——日发现有用蓝藻

日本静冈县水产试验场海洋深层水研究项目负责人伴野安彦技师，首次发现从骏河湾提取的海洋深层水中存在的蓝藻具有激活免疫功能和抑制氧化的作用。并计划将该成果在今年4月举行的日本水产学会上发表。骏河湾是日本最     

国外荧光技术在海洋学上的应用研究状况──Ⅱ.拖曳荧光计系统及其在海洋现场探测中的应用与研究

主要介绍国外现场荧光计／电导率、温度、深度传感器拖曳系统的研究及其在海洋深层水体混合扩散实验和快速、大面积监测海洋中水面下层油溢轨迹的应用方法研究。同时简要介绍了我国水中荧光计研究及其在海洋现场探测中的应用研究现状，并对今后的发展、应用前景作了展望。     

日本计划建设海洋科学公园

日本为了保护自然环境,计划在桧山建造一个海洋科学公园。 1 海洋科学公园的主要设施 海洋科学公园建在桧山海岸边上。主要兴建的设施有以下5项: 1.1 海水取水设施。指标:每日取深层水2500立方米,取表层水1000立方米。     

国外荧光技术在海洋光上的应用研究状况

主要介绍国外现场荧光计／电导率、温度、深度传感器拖曳系统的研究及其在海洋深层水体混合扩散实验和快速，大监测海洋中水面下层油溢轨迹的应用方法研究，同时简要介绍了我国水中荧光计研究及其在海洋现场探测中的应用研究现状，并对今后的发展，应用前景作了展望。     

海洋深层水动力环境调查技术回顾

深水海域是21世纪人类重要的能源基地,走向深水是世界石油、也是中国石油工业实现可持续发展的重要战略。海洋深部洋流体系给海底管道安全运行带来巨大威胁,海底油气管道一旦发生破坏,不但会带来巨大的经济损失,还将造成严重的环境与生态问题。深海海洋观测是我们认识深海水动力环境的主要途径,本文主要回顾了对海洋深层水动力环境调查技术的发展。     

广西贝类养殖现状及产业发展策略建议

<正>近十几年来,随着经济社会的发展、人民生活水平的提高,国内外市场对海洋贝类等高营养蓝色食物的消费需求在不断增加。2010年贝类养殖产量占中国海水养殖总产量的74.8%[1],贝类产业已成为中国海洋经济的重要组成部分,在促进沿海区域经济发展、近海环境改     

Determination of thorium isotopes in seawater by moored MnO2-fiber method

A method is described for the determination of Th isotopes (²³²Th,²³⁰Th,²²⁸Th and²²⁷Th) in seawater through analysis of Th adsorbed on MnO₂-impregnated fiber that has been moored in the deep sea for up to 10 months. Since the MnO₂-fiber adsorbs Th from seawater at a constant rate, natural²³⁴Th can be used as a yield monitor by making a correction for its decay during the period of deployment. The results obtained by the method showed good reproducibility and accuracy. The method has the advantage over the chemical coprecipitation method that the time and labor for sampling and processing a large-volume of seawater is reduced.     

Engineering analysis of pumping cold deep nutrient-rich seawater for mariculture and nuclear power plant cooling

The engineering feasibility of pumping deep seawater has been achieved by using a simplified mathematical model. It was proved that the pumping power required to draw seawater from deep sea is always less than 100 kW (134 h.p.) for pipe diameters below 15 cm and mass flowrate lower than 100 tons/hr, which is suitable for mariculture farmings, and the replacement of warm surface seawater by cold deep seawater as nuclear power plant coolant is technically feasible for pipes with diameters larger than 150 cm and intake levels below 600 m. This model can be further extended to study the performance of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system onshore.Continuation of this study should be the design of deep seawater prototype pumping system, the construction of pilot plants of cooling applications and mariculture experiments, and the feasibility analysis of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion power plants.     

可浮动自锁式深海气密采水器的研制

深海海水中气体的含量可以在一定程度上标识深海资源蕴藏量,因而实现对深海海水的气密采样意义重大.为此设计了一种可浮动的自锁装置,并采用压力自适应平衡原理,实现了对深海海水的气密采样.实验室和海上试验结果均表明深海气密采水器在装上可浮动自锁装置后耐压能力和气密性都得到了有效的提高,对初始压强为1.208 MPa的N2气保压2 h,压力损失不到1.2%,并成功地实现了对960 m深的海水样品的气密采样.此样品中CH4浓度为5.44 nmol/dm^3,CO2浓度为140.6nmol/dm^3.该可浮动自锁式深海气密采水器的研制为深海资源勘探分析提供了必要的技术支持.     

天然海水河蟹工厂化育苗研究——大水体生产性育苗试验

本文报导了利用对虾育苗设施，进行天然海水河蟹工厂化育苗生产性试验。试验结果令人满意，６９６只亲蟹产出蟹苗１７６４万只。文中讨论了亲蟹的暂养与促产、幼体孵化、幼体培育等主要技术环节。     

Modeling of pumping cold deep nutrient-rich seawater for mariculture and nuclear power plant cooling applications

A simple theoretical model is developed to assess the technical feasibility of pumping cold deep nutrient-rich seawater for mariculture and nuclear power plant cooling. Simulations for two locations in eastern Taiwan have shown that replacing warm surface seawater by cold deep seawater as nuclear power plant coolant is technically feasible for pipes with diameters larger than 150 cm and intake levels deeper than 400 m. The gravitational force-induced flow system is also examined and shown not to be suitable for the nuclear power plant cooling application. However, it is shown than both systems are suitable for mariculture applications. The required pumping powers at different pipeline conditions are also presented in the paper, for design purposes.     

基于深度学习RCF模型的三都澳筏式养殖区提取研究

三都澳是中国重要的海水养殖海湾，在水产养殖中占有较高的经济地位。快速准确地获取养殖区的分布范围、数量以及面积等信息，对养殖区规划、产值估计、生态调查、风暴潮灾害预防等具有重要的意义。然而，随着养殖区域的扩大，海水背景状态愈发复杂多样，光谱特征差异较大，为养殖区提取带来困难。在本实验中，利用高分辨率遥感卫星GF-2图像，引入深度学习RCF（Richer Convolutional Features）网络模型对海湾内的筏式养殖区进行了提取。结果显示:该方法无需事先对区域进行水陆分离处理，且对水中泥沙较多的区域以及海浪较大的区域有很好的提取效果，提取精度达93%以上，适合进行大规模海水养殖区提取应用。     

A literature review of the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate and its possible significance for scale formation on OTEC heat exchangers

An investigation has been made of available data on the saturation state of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate and its possible significance for scale formation on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) heat exchangers. Pertinent oceanographic data is lacking at or near potential OTEC sites for the calculation of the degree of saturation of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate. Consequently, only “extrapolated” saturation values can be used. These indicate that near surface seawater is probably supersaturated, with respect to the calcium carbonate phases calcite and aragonite, at all potential OTEC sites. The deep seawater that would be brought to the surface at the potential Atlantic Ocean sites is also likely to be supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. The deep seawater at the potential Pacific Ocean sites may be slightly undersaturated.The fact that OTEC heat exchangers will be operating in seawater, which is supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, means that if nucleation of calcite or aragonite occurs on the heat exchanger surfaces, significant growth rates of calcium carbonate scale may be expected. The potential for calcium carbonate nucleation is highest at cathodic metal surface locations, which are produced as the result of aluminum corrosion in seawater. Consequently, corrosion and scale formation may be closely related. What the possible effects of biofouling may be on this process are not known.     

我国氨氮海水质量基准的探讨

我国现行的氨氮海水质量标准参照国外基准与标准制定,未考虑是否能够有效保护中国海洋物种,科学性欠缺。对我国海水氨氮质量基准进行研究,采用美国EPA推荐的物种敏感度排序(SSR)技术,结合美国海水氨氮水质基准数学模型,搜集利用我国15种海水水生生物的非离子氨毒性数据,根据非离子氨氮和总氨氮转换公式,得出水体在不同pH值、温度和盐度条件下的总氨氮水质基准在pH为7.0~9.0、温度为0~30℃的范围内,盐度为10时,基准最大浓度(CMC)和基准连续浓度(CCC)的范围分别为0.089~57.141 mg/L与0.007~4.365 mg/L;盐度为20时,CMC和CCC的范围分别为0.092~61.152 mg/L与0.007~4.671 mg/L;盐度为30时,CMC和CCC的范围分别为0.095~65.446 mg/L与0.007~4.999 mg/L;3个环境因子,对CCC和CMC的影响程度由大到小依次为:pH、温度、盐度。相对于美国,我国急性基准的取值区间收缩了5倍,慢性基准的取值区间收缩了10倍。研究结果认为,现行的非离子氨数值应修正为0.007 mg/L才能有效保护我国海洋生物,同时建议使用总氨氮的基准来管理海水中氨氮变化。为修订我国氨氮海水质量标准提供了科学依据。     

海域集约利用评价指标体系的建立与探讨

文章参考并借鉴现阶段土地集约利用的研究方法,结合海域利用的特点,提出海域集约利用的概念,对其内涵进行分析,从海洋投入强度、海洋利用结构程度、海洋经济效益和生态环境4个层面选取指标,建立了海域集约利用评价的指标体系,并对各指标的设立进行了解释说明,以期能为以后对海域集约利用的研究、制定正确有效的集约利用政策提供参考。     

Artificial Upwelling of Deep Seawater Using the Perpetual Salt Fountain for Cultivation of Ocean Desert

Deep seawater in the ocean contains a great deal of nutrients. Stommel et al. have proposed the notion of a “perpetual salt fountain” (Stommel et al., 1956). They noted the possibility of a permanent upwelling of deep seawater with no additional external energy source. If we can cause deep seawater to upwell extensively, we can achieve an ocean farm. We have succeeded in measuring the upwelling velocity by an experiment in the Mariana Trench area using a special measurement system. A 0.3 m diameter, 280 m long soft pipe made of PVC sheet was used in the experiment. The measured data, a verification experiment, and numerical simulation results, gave an estimate of upwelling velocity of 212 m/day. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.