黑Jun生态生长效率周年变化的研究

于１９８３年１２月－１９８４年５月和１９９０年６月－１９９１年１月以中国科学院海洋研究所生物培育楼养殖黑Ｊｕｎ为材料，进行黑Ｊｕｎ周年的摄食－生长实验，以探讨其生态生长效率变化规律。结果表明，作为冷温性鱼，黑Ｊｕｎ在４．０－２７．３℃水温条件下都有摄食；平均日摄食量为２．４－１０．０ｇ，相对体重的百分比为１．１％－４．４％，这二者的周年变化趋势基本一致；平均体重日增长量以４，６，７月和１０－１２月     

5种海鱼的生态生长效率研究

在常温下进行星鳗、蛹、黑鳗、厚头平Ｙｏｕ和皱唇鲨等五种鱼类的生长实验，得出这５种鱼类摄食巢沙蚕、火枪乌贼、斑Ｊｉ（碎块）、带鱼（碎块）和玉筋鱼的生态生长效率波动于３．８￣３３．６％范围内，平均为１６．０％，相对平均日摄食量处于１．６￣１１．５％之间，另外，对饵料系数、平均日摄食量及平均体重日增长量进行了探讨。     

斜带髭鲷幼鱼生长和生态转换效率的研究

在实验室内, 22. 5±0. 5℃条件下以去头去骨去鳞片去皮的金色小沙丁鱼的纯肉糜为饵料饲养斜带髭鲷幼鱼,测定体重范围在 4. 6~6. 5g的斜带髭鲷的体重、体长的生长曲线及其生态转换效率和特定生长率.实验结果表明,斜带髭鲷的体重、体长在实验期间直线增长,体重、体长的生长曲线分别为Wt(w.w.湿重,下同 ) =0. 391 7t 5. 766 2(R=0. 999 6)和Lt=0. 105t 6. 265(R=0. 989 9).用胃含物法测定斜带髭鲷的胃排空率、日摄食量、日生长量、生态转换效率和特定生长率.实验得到斜带髭鲷消化道的瞬时排空率Rt= 1. 23 4×10-3 (m/m) /h,日摄食量Cd= 1. 342 9g(w.w. ),生态转换效率Eg=29. 50% ±2. 77% [m/m(w.w. ) ],特定生长率SGR=4. 71%±0. 69% [m/m(w.w. ) ].     

鮸状黄姑鱼早期发育阶段的摄食与生长特性

1997年4－5月,在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场,采用生态学方法对人工培育的状黄姑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的援食和生长特性进行分析。结果表明,在人工培育条件下,仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食率达97.9％,摄食量占体重的1．4％－23．4％,日摄食量占体重的36．47％－6519％;摄食具明显的昼夜节律,黄昏和早晨为摄食高峰;对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性;饵料密度对摄食量有一定影响。摄食量与体重的关系式为y=0.1327x＋0．5613,全长与日龄的关系式为LT=2.5799eg.g516D,体重与日龄的回归方程为W=0．0537e‘.1786D,全长与体重的回归方程为W＝0．0042L。     

摄食水平对褐牙鲆幼鱼能量收支的影响

褐牙鲆幼鱼 (体重 0 .71～ 4 .16 g;体长 4 .4 5～ 8.14cm)在 2 4℃下保持 5个摄食水平 (0～最大 )。投喂人工配合饵料。褐牙鲆能量和干物质的吸收效率随摄食水平的增加而增加 ,平均为97.38%和 76 .73%。褐牙鲆排粪能 (F )占摄食能的比例为 0 .95 %～ 2 .83% ,随摄食水平的增加而减少 ;氮排泄 (U)占摄食能比例为 5 .5 2 %～ 6 .77% ,各摄食水平下变化不大 ;标准代谢耗能 (Rs)占摄食能比例为 1.0 5 %～ 7.82 % ,随摄食水平的增加而减少 ;在各摄食水平条件下 ,摄食代谢耗能(Rf)占摄食能比例变化不大 ,平均为 4 5 .72 % ;生长能 (G)占摄食能比例为 32 .6 7%～ 4 9.2 1%。随摄食水平增加而增加。在最大摄食水平时 ,褐牙鲆能量分配形式为 :10 0 C =0 .95 F + 5 .5 2 U +4 4.31R+ 4 9.2 1G     

云纹石斑鱼仔稚鱼的摄食习性与生长特性

于2013年5~7月对人工培育的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)仔、稚鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行了研究.在水温为(26.7±1.3)℃的培育条件下,云纹石斑鱼仔、稚鱼摄食能力强;仔鱼4日龄开口,摄食率为40.00%;仔、稚鱼平均摄食率为97.63%,且13日龄之后的平均饱食个体比例为92.25%,摄食量(y)与体重(W)的关系可用二项式方程y=0.000 1W2+0.055 9W-0.629 8表达;云纹石斑鱼仔鱼、稚鱼在白天均出现两个摄食高峰,夜间基本不摄食,为白天摄食类型,并可以初步确定以鱼体重的10%~20%和8%~10%分别作为云纹石斑鱼仔鱼和稚鱼的日投喂量.全长(Lt)与日龄(D)的回归方程为Lt=0.008 8D2+0.162 2D+1.114 5,体重(Wt)与日龄(D)的回归方程为Wt=0.366 0D2-11.361D+59.022 3,全长(Lt)与体重(Wt)的回归方程为Wt=0.011 7Lt3.017 8,b=3.017 8约等于3,表明云纹石斑鱼仔、稚鱼为均匀生长类型.     

低盐度对方斑东风螺摄食与生长的影响

方斑东风螺的适宜盐度在21以上，适应盐度下限应为15．在21～33的盐度范围内，小水体的实验条件下，平均体重0．27g、平均壳长11．2mm的方斑东风螺．投喂小管枪乌贼，日平均掇食率10．2％～11．6％，体重日均生长11．3～12．0mg，壳长日均生长123．1～141．91μm，盐度逐渐降至15时，方斑东风螺的摄食率和生长速度都明显下降．把近岸自然海水的盐度29作为盐度瞬间下降或上升的起点和终点．当盐度从29瞬间下降时，不影响其摄食和生长的最低终点盐度应高于21．当盐度瞬间上升至29时，不影响其摄食和生长的最低起点盐度应高于18．     

斜带石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长特性

据2005年10～12月，在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场的试验数据，采用生态学方法对人工培育的斜带石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行了分析．结果表明，在水温为26．5～28．5℃时，仔鱼在孵出第4天开口摄食，开口饵料为牡蛎受精卵和担轮幼虫．以后随着鱼体的生长，依次投喂臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、桡足类、鱼糜．对422尾仔、稚鱼观察结果表明，其摄食率达95．1％，消化道饱满系数波动在0．96％～34．15％之间，日摄食指数在45．83％～82．08％之间，其摄食具有明显的昼夜节律，仔鱼摄食高峰出现在11：00和15：00，稚鱼摄食高峰出现在13：00和17：00，仔、稚鱼夜间基本不摄食．对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性．摄食量（Y）与体重（形）的关系式为Y=0．017W＋0．198，全长（LT）与日龄（D）的关系式为Lr=2．229e^0.038D，体重（形）与日龄（D）的关系式为形=0．063e^0.130D，全长（LT）与体重（形）的回归方程为W=0．0047LT^3.319．     

摄食水平对梭鱼的生长和能量收支的影响

于 1 999年 8— 1 2月 ,在水温为 (2 4 .0± 0 .5 )℃ ,摄食水平分别为体重的 0 %、1 %、2 %、3 %、4%和饱食的条件下进行梭鱼的摄食 -生长实验。结果表明 ,梭鱼湿重、干重、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率 (SGR)与摄食水平呈直线关系 ,其转化效率与摄食水平的增加成正比 ;梭鱼的湿重、蛋白质、干重和能量的维持水平分别为体重的 1 .85 1、1 .85 3、2 .882和 2 .3 4 2 (% d) ;排粪率和排泄率随摄食水平的增加而增加 ,并呈直线关系。在最大摄食水平下 ,能量收支等式为 :1 0 0C =4.41F +1 1 .1 8U +47.0 6R +3 7.3 5G     

不同大小玉筋鱼摄食、生长和生态转换效率的比较

本研究将Eggers模型移入实验室大型玻璃钢水槽中，以细脚长蜮为饵料，在流水条件下，比较了黄渤海主要中上层小型鱼类玉筋鱼大小两种体重组的摄食、生长和生态转换效率等生态能量学特征。结果表明：小个体的摄食率、生长率和生态转换效率分别为12．36gW．W．／100g／d或12．44kJ／100g／d，2．22gW．W．／100g／d或9．09kJ／100g／d，0．18％W．W．或0．73％kJ；大个体的摄食率、生长率和生态转换效率分别为9．16gW．W．／100g／d或9．22kJ／100g／d，0．83gW，W．／100g／d或3．41kJ／100g／d，0．09％W．W．或0．37％kJ。不管是以湿重还是以能量计算，小个体的都比大个体的要高。     

花鲈仔、稚、幼鱼摄食习性与生长的研究

分析了花鲈仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食习性与生长.结果表明,在水温为15.5～16.5℃时,花妒仔鱼孵出约140h左右开口摄食,开口饵料为小型臂尾轮虫.全长10mm左右的仔鱼可摄食卤虫幼体,全长11mm左右的个体可摄食枝角类.对431尾仔、稚、幼鱼观察结果,在实验条件下其摄食率高达99.1%,胃饱满系数波动于2.38%～16.48%之间,日摄食指数在45%～60%.其摄食强度具明显的昼夜节律,以16:00～20:00胃饱满度最高.仔、稚鱼夜间基本不摄食,部分幼鱼个体少量摄食.仔、稚、幼鱼个体间生长速度具有一定的差异性.其体重与摄食量的关系符合直线方程y=0.1018+8.3261×10-2x;全长与体重的相关关系可用ω=1.6473×10-3L3.4743表示,全长与日龄的关系式为L_t=5.5242e1.9681×10-2D;体重与日龄的回归方程为ω=0.5836e6.9208×10-2D.     

In situ determination on food consumption and ecological conversion efficiency of a marine fish species, Hyporhamphus sajori

The food consumption and ecological conversion efficiency of a species marine pelagic andsmall size fish, Hyporhamphus sajori, were determined by using in situ stomach content method presented by Eggers. The results showed that: (1) the fish was taken in food all day, so empty-stomach rate was very low, taking up about 4.5% of the total determined fish number. However, the fish still has significant daily feeding rhythm. A feeding peak was found 0:00 o'clock at night, but feeding level was always high in the daytime; (2) relationship between instantaneous food content in stomach and corresponding time could be described as S_t = a ·e ~(-b ·t). There was not significant difference of instantaneous gastric evacuation rate between two determinations, with average value being 0.13 × 10~(-2)g/ (g·d) (wet weight); (3) the daily food consumption tended to change in irregular waving form, with average value being (10.16×l0~(-2)±1.19×l0~(-2) g/ (g·d) (wet weight) or (55.56 × 10~(-2) ±6.51 × 10~(-2) kJ/     

莱州湾夏季浮游桡足类的摄食研究

于１９９７年７月有（１９－２４日）和小湖（２６－３０日）期间在莱州湾对不同大小桡足类自然群体（大型：〉５００ｍｍ,小型：２００－５００ｍｍ）的分布及肠道色素含量进行了现场测定,并在一个４８ｈ连续观测站（Ａ４）进行了肠道排空率和摄食节律实验。结果表明,浮动物肠道色素含量随个体的增大而增加,大型桡足类存在着一定的昼夜摄食节律,摄食高峰出现在夜间,小型桡足类摄食切律不明显。Ａ４站测得的桡足类摄食结果表明     

花鲈幼鱼个体代谢与体重关系的初步研究

实验室条件下测定花鲈 ( L ateolabrax japonicus C & V)的代谢率 ,温度为 ( 2 5.2± 0 .5)℃ ,鱼体湿重范围 :4 .64～ 52 .2 8g(平均体重 17.81g± 0 .33g)。饥饿鱼的正常代谢相关于体重的关系式 :Rr=15.37W0 .74 4。( r=0 .934 )。摄食代谢与摄食量呈线性正相关关系 ,摄食代谢水平为正常代谢的 1.8～ 2 .4倍。     

利用耳石日轮研究珠江口棘头梅童鱼的产卵期及生长

测记耳石生长轮纹数量,依据耳石日轮对采自珠江口的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)的日龄进行了鉴定、并据此研究了其产卵期和生长特性.棘头梅童鱼的产卵期为12月至次年的7月,主要集中在2、4、5月,产卵高峰出现在5月,占样本总数的27.27%;其次为2月,占18.18%.用直线、幂函数和指数函数关系对棘头梅童鱼的生长特性进行回归分析,体长范围为29.8～104.0 mm的棘头梅童鱼的体长与体重关系为幂函数关系,体重生长为匀速生长;体长随日龄的生长关系以幂函数模型符合程度较好,体重与日龄的生长关系则符合指数关系和幂函数关系.研究结果表明,利用耳石日龄来推算棘头梅童鱼的产卵期是可行的,并可用于研究一定体长范围内鱼的生长.     

南方鲇的排粪量及消化率同日粮水平、体重和温度的关系

于１９８８年２月－１９８９年２月测定了南方鲇幼鱼的排粪量，从而估算共消化率。结果表明，当水温为２５℃时，在日粮水平分别是体重的１％，２％，４％和达饱食的条件下，平均消化率分别为摄入食物能量的８０．３２％，８４．９４％，８８．４０％ｔ ８７．２７％；在平均初始体重分别为８．７２，２５．４３，４５．１６，７８．１８和１２７．５ｇ的实验组中，平均消化率分别为８６．５９％，８１．１５％，９０．３８％，８６     

Food consumption of fish in a sub-tropical SW Atlantic ecosystem off Brazil: comparison of four Sciaenid species

The first evaluations of the daily ration and population food consumption of four Sciaenid fish, under natural conditions for the Brazilian south-western Atlantic shelf (23°35′S, 45°00′W) are presented. The average daily ration ranged from 4.38 to 12.92 % body mass (90% confidence interval) for the juvenile shortfin corvina (Isopisthus parvipinnis), from 0.41 to 5.52 % body mass (90% confidence interval) for the juvenile shorthead drum (Larimus breviceps) and from 3.14% to 3.15% body mass for the juvenile whitemouth croacker (Micropogonias furnieri). Juveniles of the banded croacker (Paralonchurus brasiliensis) showed higher estimates (2.58–2.60% body mass) than those for the adults (1.2–1.84% body mass). The mean food consumption rate of the population was estimated at about 11 and 8 year^–1, respectively, for the whitemouth croacker, and banded croacker, corresponding to a gross efficiency of 13 and 10%. The estimates of daily ration were related to the feeding habits as well as to size of the fish, and probably to their specific energy budget. Estimates of population food consumption are related to population structure.     

Food intake and body measurements of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates) in captivity

The food consumption (recorded in kg of individual fish species), body length and mass of 11 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins kept first at Windsor Safari Park, UK (1979-1993/1994), and later at Harderwijk Marine Mammal Park, The Netherlands (1993/1994-1995) are reported. This broad-scale, longitudinal study is based on historical data that were originally recorded for short-term husbandry purposes. The chemical composition and caloric value of the diet were variable and were not recorded. The food intake quantities should therefore be viewed as rough weight estimates of what wild conspecifics might eat (depending on their diet). The average annual food consumption of adult males and non-pregnant, non-lactating females was approximately 2000 kg of fish (estimated at 176 x 10(5) kJ). Food consumption showed little increase during gestation, but was 58-97% higher during lactation than during similar periods in non-reproductive years. All six calves began to eat solid food within a year of birth although suckling continued for 14-37 months after birth. The pattern of food intake of mothers and calves varied substantially between suckling periods. No seasonal changes in food consumption were detected, although there were small seasonal changes in water temperature. Births occurred at various times of year, since the timing of mating varied between years. The animals' body length increased rapidly during the first 3 years of life after which the growth rate decreased. Body length reached asymptote at approximately 270 cm. Adults of both sexes weighed around 260 kg. The relationship between standard body length (in cm) and body mass (in kg), although based on a small sample size (n = 16), can be expressed as body mass = 17.261e(0.0156(body length-100)). Animals weighing 155-225 kg consumed between 2 and 4% of their body mass per day.